Complex magnetic ordering in RE5Pd2In4RE_{5}Pd_{2}In_{4} (RE = Tb-Tm) compounds investigated by neutron diffraction and magnetometric measurements

The RE5Pd2In4 RE Tb Tm compounds crystallize with the orthorhombic Lu5Ni2In4 type crystal structure Pbam space group . In this work we report results of structural and magnetic studies by means of X ray and neutron diffraction as well as dc and ac magnetometric data. Magnetic susceptibility and neutron diffraction data revealed rare earth moments order at low temperatures with complex magnetic structures showing a cascade of temperature induced transitions. The magnetic ordering temperatures are found to be 97, 88, 28.5, 16.5 and 4.3 K for RE Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm, respectively. Magnetic structures related to the propagation vector k [0,0,0] are found just below the magnetic ordering temperatures in majority of the investigated compounds RE Tb Er . Below the Curie temperature TC they have purely ferromagnetic character in Tb5Pd2In4 and Dy5Pd2In4. A ferrimagnetic order finally sets at lower temperatures in Dy5Pd2In4, while in Ho5Pd2In4 two magnetic phases related to k1 are observed the antiferromagnetic one phase I and the ferrimagnetic one phase II, coexisting with phase I at lower temperatures . Er5Pd2In4 is a canted antiferromagnet with additional ferromagnetic component developing at lower temperatures. A purely antiferromagnetic component of magnetic structure with enlarged magnetic unit cell appears with decreasing temperature in Tb5Pd2In4 k [0,1 2,0] and k [0,1 2,1 2] while in Ho5Pd2In4 such component k[,0,0]414 is present within whole temperature range below the magnetic ordering temperature. Magnetic structure of Tm5Pd2In4, exceptionally, has no k1component, but is an antiferromagnetic incommensurate one related to two propagation vectors k5 [0.073 3 ,0.451 1 ,1 2] and k6 [0,0.335 2 ,1 2]. In majority of the compounds RE Tb Er the first rare earth 4g site noted as 4g1 orders at lower temperature than two remaining sites 2a and 4g2 . The direction of the magnetic moments depends on rare earth element involved and indicates an influence of single ion anisotropy in the crystalline electric field CE

X‐Ray Scattering Techniques Applied in the Development of Drug Delivery Systems

The advances in nanotechnology have found application in different fields, such as food, agriculture, materials, chemistry, and medicine. However, one of the most important approaches is the development of nanocarriers and, in order to understand their structural organization, different physicochemical techniques have been used. In particular, small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) have given important contribution to the study of organization phase of nanocarriers such as organic/inorganic nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes, cyclodextrins, polymers, and their interaction with drugs and other bioactive molecules. In this chapter, we will present theoretical aspects, experimental design, and the applications of both techniques for the development of delivery systems for bioactive molecules

Impact of Erbium Doping in the Structural and Magnetic Properties of the Anisotropic and Frustrated SrYb₂O₄ Antiferromagnet

We present a systematic study of the structural and magnetic properties of a series of powder samples of SrYb2−xErxO4 with different Yb/Er concentrations. Magnetometry and neutron diffraction have been used to study the magnetic ground states of the compound series, while inelastic neutron scattering was used to investigate the crystal field excitations for a chosen concentration. These results show that the crystal structure remains the same for all compositions, while the lattice parameters increase linearly with the Er content. All compounds showed some type of magnetic transition below 1 K, however, both the magnetic structure and nature of the phase transition vary throughout the series. The samples present a non-collinear magnetic structure with the moments lying on the ab plane for low Er content. For high Er content, the magnetic structure is collinear with the moments aligned along the c-axis. A critical concentration is found where there is a bifurcation between zero-field and field-cooled magnetic susceptibility. This irreversible process could be due to the random mixture of single-ion magnetic anisotropies

CO2 Adsorption Enhanced by Tuning the Layer Charge in a Clay Mineral

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Similarities between structural distortions under pressure and chemical doping in superconducting BaFe2As2

The discovery of a new family of high Tc materials, the iron arsenides (FeAs), has led to a resurgence of interest in superconductivity. Several important traits of these materials are now apparent, for example, layers of iron tetrahedrally coordinated by arsenic are crucial structural ingredients. It is also now well established that the parent non-superconducting phases are itinerant magnets, and that superconductivity can be induced by either chemical substitution or application of pressure, in sharp contrast to the cuprate family of materials. The structure and properties of chemically substituted samples are known to be intimately linked, however, remarkably little is known about this relationship when high pressure is used to induce superconductivity in undoped compounds. Here we show that the key structural features in BaFe2As2, namely suppression of the tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transition and reduction in the As-Fe-As bond angle and Fe-Fe distance, show the same behavior under pressure as found in chemically substituted samples. Using experimentally derived structural data, we show that the electronic structure evolves similarly in both cases. These results suggest that modification of the Fermi surface by structural distortions is more important than charge doping for inducing superconductivity in BaFe2As2

Estudo de ordenamento multipolar elétrico em holmio por difração de raios-X

Orientador: Carlos Manuel Giles Antunez de MayoloTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb WataghinResumo: Ordenamentos multipolares elétricos da camada 4f do holmio foram sistematicamente estudados pela primeira vez por difração de raios-X nos regimes não-ressonante e ressonante (borda L3) e nas fases antiferromagnética helicoidal e ferromagnética cônica. O ordenamento dos multipolos elétricos é resultante do forte acoplamento spin-órbita e possui a mesma estrutura que o ordenamento magnético evidenciado por medidas em função da temperatura. A natureza quadrupolar dos satélites observados no espectro de difração a 2 t e 4 t das reflexões de Bragg, foram evidenciadas por medidas em função do momento transferido Q no regime não-ressonante. Os picos satélites ô observados na fase ferromagnética surgem do ordenamento helicoidal cônico dos quadrupolos elétricos. O fenômeno de interferência entre satélites 2 t : quadrupolar elétrico - dipolar magnético, medidos na borda L3do Ho foi observada por difração ressonante de raios-X. Uma interpretação qualitativa da interferência construtiva e destrutiva visto para diferentes reflexões foi apresentada. Observou-se uma inversão de fase dos satélites quadrupolares em relação aos picos de Bragg, que foi explicada través de um modelo que considera a teoria do tensor de susceptibilidade anisotrópico (ATS) aplicado a sistemas incomensuráveis. Este trabalho também abrange a montagem e o comissionamento da linha de luz XRD2, no Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron (LNLS), que é dedicada ao estudo de estruturas magnéticas e de ordenamentos orbitais e multipolaresAbstract: Multipolar ordering in metallic holmium 4f shell was extensively studied for the first time, by resonant and non resonant X-ray scattering at the helical antiferromagnetic and conical ferromagnetic phases. The strong spin-orbit coupling drives the multipolar order as it was experimentally confirmed through the temperature dependence of the ordering wave-vector t . The quadrupolar nature of the 2 t and 4 t satellite peaks, measured in the non-resonant regime, were in good agreement with calculations of the form factor Q- dependence. Non magnetic satellite peaks observed at t in the ferromagnetic phase correspond to the conical ordering of the 4f quadrupoles strongly coupled to the magnetic ordering. Positive and negative interference effects at 2 t measured with resonant X-ray scattering at Ho L3 edge correspond to the addition or subtraction of the magnetic and quadrupolar resonant enhancements at the s-p polarization channel and at the quadrupolar transition 2p ® 4f. An apparent "phase inversion" observed for the 2 t and 4 t satellite peaks was interpreted using the anisotropic tensor susceptibility (ATS) theory applied to incommensurate systems. The construction and commissioning of the XRD2 beamline at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) dedicated to the study of charge, orbital and magnetic structures was also an important part of this workDoutoradoFísicaDoutor em Ciência