Kognitiv oplæring i canadiske fængsler

Intet resum

Biobehavioral effects of Tai Chi Qigong in men with prostate cancer: Study design of a three-arm randomized clinical trial.

Fatigue is often one of the most commonly reported symptoms in prostate cancer survivors, but it is also one of the least understood cancer-related symptoms. Fatigue is associated with psychological distress, disruptions in sleep quality, and impairments in health-related quality of life. Moreover, inflammatory processes and changes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and/or autonomic nervous system may also play a role in cancer-related fatigue. Thus, effective treatments for fatigue in prostate cancer survivors represent a current unmet need. Prior research has shown that Tai Chi Qigong, a mind-body exercise intervention, can improve physical and emotional health. Herein, we describe the protocol of the ongoing 3-arm randomized controlled Health Empowerment & Recovery Outcomes (HERO) clincal trial. One hundred sixty-six prostate cancer survivors with fatigue are randomized to a modified Tai Chi Qigong intervention (TCQ), intensity-matched body training intervention (BT), or usual care (UC) condition. Guided by biopsychosocial and psychoneuroimmunology models, we propose that TCQ, as compared to BT or UC will: i) reduce fatigue (primary outcome) in prostate cancer survivors; ii) reduce inflammation; and iii) regulate the expression of genes from two major functional clusters: a) inflammation, vasodilation and metabolite sensing and b) energy and adrenergic activation. Assessments are conducted at baseline, the 6-week midpoint of the intervention, and 1 week, 3 months, and 12 months post-intervention. If our findings show that TCQ promotes recovery from prostate cancer and its treatment, this type of intervention can be integrated into survivorship care plans as the standard of care. The study's findings will also provide novel information about underlying biobehavioral mechanisms of cancer-related fatigue. Trial registration number:NCT03326713; clinicaltrials.gov

Precision medicine for lysosomal disorders

Precision medicine (PM) is an emerging approach for disease treatment and preventionthat accounts for the individual variability in the genes, environment, and lifestyle of each person.Lysosomal diseases (LDs) are a group of genetic metabolic disorders that include approximately70 monogenic conditions caused by a defect in lysosomal function. LDs may result from primarylysosomal enzyme deficiencies or impairments in membrane-associated proteins, lysosomal enzymeactivators, or modifiers that affect lysosomal function. LDs are heterogeneous disorders, and thephenotype of the affected individual depends on the type of substrate and where it accumulates,which may be impacted by the type of genetic change and residual enzymatic activity. LDs areindividually rare, with a combined incidence of approximately 1:4000 individuals. Specific therapiesare already available for several LDs, and many more are in development. Early identification mayenable disease course prediction and a specific intervention, which is very important for clinicaloutcome. Driven by advances in omics technology, PM aims to provide the most appropriatemanagement for each patient based on the disease susceptibility or treatment response predictionsfor specific subgroups. In this review, we focused on the emerging diagnostic technologies that mayhelp to optimize the management of each LD patient and the therapeutic options available, as well asin clinical developments that enable customized approaches to be selected for each subject, accordingto the principles of PM

POST-EMERGENCE APPLICATION OF GLYPHOSATE ON TRANSGENIC SOYBEAN GROWN IN THE CERRADO ABSTRACT

O experimento foi instalado na cultura de soja transgênica (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) da variedade Soy 8888-RR plantada em 11 de janeiro de 1999. Antes da semeadura foi realizada uma aplicação de glifosato a 1,2 kg/L e sete dias após esse manejo foi efetuada a semeadura em sistema de plantio direto. Os produtos foram aplicados em área total da parcela, empregando equipamento de precisão a gás carbônico (CO2). Os tratamentos empregados foram: glifosato a 0,48; 0,72; 0,96; 1,20 e 1,44 kg/ha aos 31 dias após a emergência (DAE); glifosato a 0,72 kg/ha aos 22 DAE e 0,48 kg/ha aos 42 DAE; glifosato a 0,96 kg/ha aos 22 DAE e 0,72 kg/ha aos 42 DAE; chlorimuron-ethyl + lactofen a 0,01 + 0,072 kg/ha, respectivamente, aos 31 DAE e testemunha com capina e sem capina. Os parâmetros avaliados foram fitotoxicação aparente aos 15, 20, 42 e 51 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAA), altura das plantas e eficácia agronômica aos 20 e 51 DAA e produção de grãos. Através dos resultados obtidos pode-se observar que glifosato na formulação utilizada, independentemente da concentração empregada, apresentou efeito de fitotoxicação aparente muito leve nas plantas de soja e em uma única ou duas aplicações seqüenciais, mostrou-se eficazes no controle das plantas daninhas presentes.  The experiment was installed on a transgenic soybean field (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), variety Soy 8888-RR, planted on January 11, 1999. One glyphosate application at 1.2 kg/L was performed before seeding, which was carried out seven days after that management practice, in the no-till system. The products were applied in the entire area of the plot, using a carbon dioxide (CO2) precision sprayer. Treatments consisted of: glyphosate at 0.48; 0.72; 0.96; 1.20 and 1.44 kg/ha, applied 31 days after emergence (DAE); glyphosate at 0.72 kg/ha 22 DAE and at 0.48 kg/ha applied 42 DAE; glyphosate at 0.96 kg/ha applied 22 DAE and at 0.72 kg/ha applied 42 DAE; chlorimuron-ethyl + lactofen at 0.01 + 0,072 kg/ha, respectively, applied 31 DAE, plus hand-weeded and unweeded controls. The evaluated parameters consisted of apparent phytotoxicity at 15, 20, 42 and 51 days after treatment application (DAA), plant height and agronomic efficiency at 20 and 51 DAA, and grain yield. From the results obtained, it can be seen that glyphosate at the employed formulation, regardless of the concentration used, showed a very slight apparent phytotoxicity effect on the soybean plants, and was efficient in controlling the existing weeds with a single or with two sequential applications

Ability for self-care in clients undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy treatment

To identify the self-care capacity of cancer clients treated at the chemotherapy service of a university hospital in Minas Gerais/Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 79 adult and elderly participants diagnosed with primary cancer on antineoplastic chemotherapy treatment. Two instruments were used to achieve the proposed objective, one created by the authors for sociodemographic characterization and another translated, adapted and validated to Brazilian Portuguese to assess the capacity of self-care, namely, the Appraisal of Self Care Agency Scale-Revised, the ASAS-R. Most respondents were female (50.6%), married (58.2%), had between five and nine years of schooling (43.0%), had a family income of one to three minimum wages (86.1%) and were predominantly elderly (54.4%). The mean score obtained for self-care capacity was 57.8. A dichotomy between the patients' usual chores and their diagnoses was observed, but the participants also stated that they dedicate time and were willing to take care of their health. They also stated that they looked for the best ways to take care of themselves and sought updated information whenever necessary, although no statistically significant association was found between self-care scores and sociodemographic variables. This study allowed to show that sociodemographic variables such as education, income, religion and cohabitation should be taken into account by health professionals to favor the client's engagement in self-care actions

Biocompatibility and biofilm inhibition of N,N-hexyl,methyl-polyethylenimine bonded to Boston Keratoprosthesis materials

The biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of N,N-hexyl,methyl-polyethylenimine (HMPEI) covalently attached to the Boston Keratoprosthesis (B-KPro) materials was evaluated. By means of confocal and electron microscopies, we observed that HMPEI-derivatized materials exert an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, as compared to the parent poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and titanium. There was no additional corneal epithelial cell cytotoxicity of HMPEI-coated PMMA compared to that of control PMMA in tissue cultures in vitro. Likewise, no toxicity or adverse reactivity was detected with HMPEI-derivatized PMMA or titanium compared to those of the control materials after intrastromal or anterior chamber implantation in rabbits in vivo.Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (Contract DAAD-19-D-0002

Estudo da Iteração das Nanopartículas de Dióxido de Titânio em Solos de Aterro Controlado Contaminados por Óxido de Cobre

As nanopartículas representam atualmente, uma nova e ampla classe de contaminantes produzidos pelo homem e são cada vez mais comuns nos ambientes naturais, visto que as atividades industriais envolvendo a nanotecnologia crescem de modo acelerado. Dessa forma, torna-se extremamente relevante compreender o transporte e o destino dos materiais nanoparticulados que são lançados no ambiente para então identificar os fenômenos físicos e químicos que ocorrem provenientes da disposição de resíduos. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é criar informação científica necessária para melhor compreender o comportamento e o transporte de nanopartículas TiO2 em suspensões aquosas através de solos impregnados com cobre. Permitindo assim, que a produção e o uso de nanomateriais nocivos possam ser melhor controlados, evitando os efeitos adversos à saúde humana e os custosos esforços para a remediação. Em particular, neste trabalho foram escolhidos dióxido de titânio por ser um nanomaterial largamente utilizado em escala industrial e o óxido de cobre por sua vez, por ser um contaminante de solo onipresente. O que torna singular a necessidade do estudo de seu transporte através do meio ambiente, especialmente em solos e águas. Para tal conhecimento serão realizados ensaios experimentais de e utilizando solo impregnado com óxido de cobre em suspensão aquosa de TiO2

Absorption Coefficient (ABSCO) Tables for the Orbiting Carbon Observatories: Version 5.1

The accuracy of atmospheric trace gas retrievals depends directly on the accuracy of the molecular absorption model used within the retrieval algorithm. For remote sensing of well-mixed gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), where the atmospheric variability is small compared to the background, the quality of the molecular absorption model is key. Recent updates to oxygen (O₂) absorption coefficients (ABSCO) for the 0.76 μm A-band and the water vapor (H₂O) continuum model within the 1.6 μm and 2.06 μm CO₂ bands used within the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2 and OCO-3) algorithm are described here. Updates in the O₂ A-band involve the inclusion of new laboratory measurements within multispectrum fits to improve relative consistency between O₂ line shapes and collision-induced absorption (CIA). The H₂O continuum model has been updated to MTCKD v3.2, which has benefited from information from a range of laboratory studies relative to the model utilized in the previous ABSCO version. Impacts of these spectroscopy updates have been evaluated against ground-based atmospheric spectra from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) and within the framework of the OCO-2 algorithm, using OCO-2 soundings covering a range of atmospheric and surface conditions. The updated absorption coefficients (ABSCO version 5.1) are found to offer improved fitting residuals and reduced biases in retrieved surface pressure relative to the previous version (ABSCO v5.0) used within B8 and B9 of the OCO-2 retrieval algorithm and have been adopted for the OCO B10 Level 2 algorithm

Absorption Coefficient (ABSCO) Tables for the Orbiting Carbon Observatories: Version 5.1

The accuracy of atmospheric trace gas retrievals depends directly on the accuracy of the molecular absorption model used within the retrieval algorithm. For remote sensing of well-mixed gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), where the atmospheric variability is small compared to the background, the quality of the molecular absorption model is key. Recent updates to oxygen (O₂) absorption coefficients (ABSCO) for the 0.76 μm A-band and the water vapor (H₂O) continuum model within the 1.6 μm and 2.06 μm CO₂ bands used within the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2 and OCO-3) algorithm are described here. Updates in the O₂ A-band involve the inclusion of new laboratory measurements within multispectrum fits to improve relative consistency between O₂ line shapes and collision-induced absorption (CIA). The H₂O continuum model has been updated to MTCKD v3.2, which has benefited from information from a range of laboratory studies relative to the model utilized in the previous ABSCO version. Impacts of these spectroscopy updates have been evaluated against ground-based atmospheric spectra from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) and within the framework of the OCO-2 algorithm, using OCO-2 soundings covering a range of atmospheric and surface conditions. The updated absorption coefficients (ABSCO version 5.1) are found to offer improved fitting residuals and reduced biases in retrieved surface pressure relative to the previous version (ABSCO v5.0) used within B8 and B9 of the OCO-2 retrieval algorithm and have been adopted for the OCO B10 Level 2 algorithm

O autocuidado relacionado ao desempenho de papéis ocupacionais em pacientes sob tratamento quimioterápico antineoplásico

Objetivo: analizar y correlacionar los roles ocupacionales, los síntomas y la capacidad de autocuidado en pacientes oncológicos atendidos en el servicio de quimioterapia de un hospital universitario. Método: estudio transversal, en el que se aplicaron los instrumentos cuestionario sociodemográfico y clínico, Inventario de Síntomas de M.D. Anderson - core, escala de evaluación de la capacidad de autocuidado Appraisal of Self Care Agency Scale-Revised y Lista de Identificación de Roles Ocupacionales en pacientes oncológicos atendidos en el servicio de quimioterapia de un hospital universitario. El análisis de los datos incluyó tablas de frecuencias absolutas y relativas y regresión lineal múltiple, a un nivel de significancia de α=0,05. Resultados: la muestra ha mostrado capacidad para el autocuidado operacionalizada, con un promedio de ̄X=57,8. En la correlación entre el grado de importancia de los roles ocupacionales y las puntuaciones del instrumento de evaluación para el autocuidado, se encontró significancia estadística para los roles de voluntario (r=0,26; p=0,02) y de amigo (r=0,33; p= <0,001). La regresión lineal mostró que cuanto mayor es la interferencia de los síntomas en las actividades de la vida (β=0,20; p=0,05) y cuanto mayor la importancia del rol del amigo (p=0,001; p=0,43), más altos son los índices de autocuidado. Conclusión: la operacionalización del autocuidado puede estar directamente relacionada con el grado de importancia atribuido al desempeño de los roles sociales.Objective: to analyze and correlate occupational roles, symptoms and self-care capacity in oncologic patients seen at the chemotherapy service of a university hospital. Method: cross-sectional study, in which the instruments were applied sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, M.D Anderson’s Symptom Inventory - core, Appraisal of Self Care Agency Scale-Revised and Occupational Paper Identification List to oncologic patients seen in the chemotherapy service of a university hospital. Data analysis included absolute and relative frequency tables and multiple linear regression, adopting a significance level of α=0.05. Results: the sample showed capacity for self-care operationalized with an average of ̄X=57.8. In the correlation between the degree of importance of the occupational papers and the scores of the evaluation instrument for self-care was found statistical significance in the papers of volunteer (r=0.26; p=0.02) and friend (r=0.33; p= <0.001). The linear regression showed that the greater the interference of symptoms in life activities (β=0.20; p=0.05) and greater the importance of the role of friend (p=0.001; p=0.43), the higher the rates of self-care. Conclusion: the operationalization of self-care can be directly related to the degree of importance attributed to the performance of social roles.Objetivo: analisar e correlacionar os papéis ocupacionais, os sintomas e a capacidade de autocuidado em pacientes oncológicos atendidos no serviço de quimioterapia de um hospital universitário. Método: estudo transversal, no qual foram aplicados os instrumentos questionário sociodemográfico e clínico, Inventário de Sintomas do M.D Anderson - core, escala de avaliação da capacidade do autocuidado Appraisal of Self Care Agency Scale-Revised e Lista de Identificação de Papéis Ocupacionais em pacientes oncológicos atendidos no serviço de quimioterapia de um hospital universitário. A análise dos dados incluiu tabelas de frequências absolutas e relativas e regressão linear múltipla, adotando nível de significância de α=0,05. Resultados: a amostra apresentou capacidade para o autocuidado operacionalizada com média de ̄X=57,8. Na correlação entre o grau de importância dos papéis ocupacionais e os escores do instrumento de avaliação para o autocuidado foi encontrada significância estatística nos papéis de voluntário (r=0,26; p=0,02) e de amigo (r=0,33; p= <0,001). A regressão linear mostrou que quanto maior a interferência dos sintomas nas atividades de vida (β=0,20; p=0,05) e maior a importância do papel do amigo (p=0,001; p=0,43), maiores os índices de autocuidado. Conclusão: a operacionalização do autocuidado pode estar diretamente relacionada ao grau de importância atribuído ao desempenho de papéis sociais