Substitution Effects of NaCl by KCl and CaCl2 on Lipolysis of Salted Meat

The objective of this study was to investigate the reduction and partial substitution effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) by potassium chloride (KCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) on lipolysis and lipid oxidation in salted meat aiming at reducing sodium content. To evaluate the effect of different salts on lipid oxidation thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) assay was performed along 180 days. Furthermore, ESI-MS/MS and GC analysis were conducted to detect and identify oxidized lipids, volatile compounds and free fatty acids profiles during the meat processing time. Lipid profiles from different salted meat demonstrated that CaCl2 salt have inducted more lipid oxidation when compared to the combination of NaCl and KCl salts, highlighting the implication of CaCl2 on increased lipolysis reactions. Moreover, the obtained results from both the analyses suggest that a combination of NaCl and KCl salts can be a good alternative for reducing the sodium content without compromising the quality of the salted meat

Overtone Mobility Spectrometry: Part 2. Theoretical Considerations of Resolving Power

The transport of ions through multiple drift regions is modeled to develop an equation that is useful for an understanding of the resolving power of an overtone mobility spectrometry (OMS) technique. It is found that resolving power is influenced by a number of experimental variables, including those that define ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) resolving power: drift field (E), drift region length (L), and buffer gas temperature (T). However, unlike IMS, the resolving power of OMS is also influenced by the number of drift regions (n), harmonic frequency value (m), and the phase number (⌽) of the applied drift field. The OMS resolving power dependence upon the new OMS variables (n, m, and ⌽) scales differently than the square root dependence of the E, L, and T variables in IMS. The results provide insight about optimal instrumental design and operation. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2009, 20, 738 -750) © 2009 American Society for Mass Spectrometry W hen a pulse of ions is injected into a buffer gas, different species separate under the influence of an electric field because of differences in their mobilities through the buffer gas Of note is the dependence of resolving power on the square root of the various parameters. This relationship imposes limits on the ultimate instrument performance. For example, doubling L does not double the resolving power; rather, a 2-fold increase in L (holding T and E constant) results in only ϳ40% increase in resolving power. In the present paper, we report modeling studies of ion transport through multiple drift regions to which the drift fields are applied at varying frequencies, the experimental setup used in overtone mobility spectrometry (OMS). The understanding that is gained from modeling allows us to develop a simple equation that can be used to estimate the OMS resolving power (R OMS ). The equation describing the OMS resolving power accounts for a number of geometrical OMS device configurations as well as those parameters used to define R IMS . However, these studies indicate that variation of the parameters which define R IMS (E, L, and T) have only a limited impact on the R OMS . Instead, the factors having the greatest influence on R OMS appear to be the number of phases for the system (i.e., the number of unique drift field application settings as well as the number of drift regions in a complete ion transmission/ elimination cycle, see below for complete description), the overall number of ion drift regions, and the drift field setting frequency (overtone number). A surprising result is the unit proportionality relationship between R OMS and the number of drift regions (in effect L) as well as the frequency suggesting the ability to garner much improved instrument performance (with respect to resolution) for proportionate changes when compared with IMS techniques. It is important to note that the comparisons to R IMS (with respect to L) described here are based on the use of a constant drift field. Equation 1 can be rewritten such that the product of L and E is denoted as the drift voltage (V). Extensive work has shown that increased resolving power can be obtained by optimizing V and Address reprint requests to Dr

Nano-Detoxification of Organophosphate Agents by PAMAM Derivatives

For the first time, the adsorption of pesticides such as azinphos-methyl and methamidophos by polyamidoamine (PAMAM) derivatives was studied. Amine groups of PAMAM (G4 and G5) were functionalized with different biomolecules such as folic acid, coumarine, arginine, lysine, and asparagine. Subsequently, the synthesized compounds were used to trap organophosphates (OP), and its affinity to do so was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The obtained experimental data was compared with the interaction energy values obtained through a nanoinformatic methodology, by using conformational sampling through Euler angles and semi‑empirical quantum mechanical calculations. Both, the experimental and the in silico methodology can be employed to screen with high accuracy the molecular interactions between OP agents and the functionalized PAMAM. Furthermore, affinity results by HPLC and molecular dynamics were supported by in vitro enzyme acetylcholinesterase activity assays

Synthesis and characterization of an insoluble polymer based on polyamidoamine : Applications for the decontamination of metals in aqueous systems

We present a novel, insoluble, low-generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM)-based polymer. The monomer and polymer were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and thermogravimetric measurement, revealing that GO acryloyl-terminated PAMAM were synthesized and polymerized using ammonium persulfate as an initiator, producing a high-density PAMAM derivative (PAMAM-HD). PAMAM-HD was tested for its ability to remove Na(I), K(I), Ca(II), Mg(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) ions from acidic, neutral and basic aqueous solutions. PAMAM-HD efficiently removed metals ions from all three solutions. The greatest absorption efficiency at neutral pH was observed against Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II), and the experimental data were supported by the calculated K-d values. Our data could have a significant impact on water purification by providing an inexpensive and efficient polymer for the removal of metal ions

Intermolecular stabilization in new 2-iminopyridine derivatives complexes of Pd(II) and their reactivity towards alkenes

Two new iminopyriridine ligands (1-2) and two new neutral Pd(II) complexes (4-5) were designed, synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. Molecular structures of compounds 1, 3 and 5 were obtained by X-Ray Diffraction. Addition of AgPF6 to compounds 4-5 produced two new cationic Pd(II) complexes stabilized by an exocyclic nitrile intermolecular interaction (6-7). The spectrometric characterization of these compounds confirms a dimeric nature of the complexes and an enhanced air/thermal/light resistance. The reactivity towards ethylene oligomerization/polymerization of all complexes (4-7) at 1 bar was evaluated, either as single component or with 1 equivalent of B(C6F5)(3). The change of the counterion from PF6- to OTf- allowed to obtain the compound 8, where an improvement of the reactivity was observed. ESI-MS experiments of 8 showed the insertion of up to 16 units of ethylene in the chain. (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.FONDECYT 1161091 11160797 EQ M120021 3150218 316027