1,901 research outputs found

    Accretion and Diffusion Timescales in Sheets and Filaments

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    A comparison of accretion and (turbulent) magnetic diffusion timescales for sheets and filaments demonstrates that dense star-forming clouds generally will -- under realistic conditions -- become supercritical due to mass accretion on timescales at least an order of magnitude shorter than ambipolar and/or turbulent diffusion timescales. Thus, ambipolar or turbulent diffusion -- while present -- is unlikely to control the formation of cores and stars.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted by MNRA

    The Origins of Protostellar Core Angular Momenta

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    We present the results of a suite of numerical simulations designed to explore the origin of the angular momenta of protostellar cores. Using the hydrodynamic grid code \emph{Athena} with a sink implementation, we follow the formation of protostellar cores and protostars (sinks) from the subvirial collapse of molecular clouds on larger scales to investigate the range and relative distribution of core properties. We find that the core angular momenta are relatively unaffected by large-scale rotation of the parent cloud; instead, we infer that angular momenta are mainly imparted by torques between neighboring mass concentrations and exhibit a log-normal distribution. Our current simulation results are limited to size scales ∌0.05\sim 0.05~pc (∌104AU\sim 10^4 \rm AU), but serve as first steps toward the ultimate goal of providing initial conditions for higher-resolution studies of core collapse to form protoplanetary disks.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted to Ap

    The Role of Gravity in Producing Power-Law Mass Functions

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    Numerical simulations of star formation have found that a power-law mass function can develop at high masses. In a previous paper, we employed isothermal simulations which created large numbers of sinks over a large range in masses to show that the power law exponent of the mass function, dN/dlog⁡M∝MΓdN/d\log M \propto M^{\Gamma}, asymptotically and accurately approaches Γ=−1.\Gamma = -1. Simple analytic models show that such a power law can develop if the mass accretion rate M˙∝M2\dot{M} \propto M^2, as in Bondi-Hoyle accretion; however, the sink mass accretion rates in the simulations show significant departures from this relation. In this paper we show that the expected accretion rate dependence is more closely realized provided the gravitating mass is taken to be the sum of the sink mass and the mass in the near environment. This reconciles the observed mass functions with the accretion rate dependencies, and demonstrates that power-law upper mass functions are essentially the result of gravitational focusing, a mechanism present in, for example, the competitive accretion model.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, accepted by Ap

    Klasse trotz Masse am Studienanfang – das Blended Learning Konzept e:t:p:M@Math

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    Im Wintersemester 2014/2015 verzeichnete das Statistische Bundesamt 2,7 Millionen Studierende – ein Novum in der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (vgl. SB 2015). Bedenkt man, dass es noch vor zehn Jahren weit weniger als zwei Millionen Studierende gab (vgl. Bildungsbericht 2014), wird das Ausmaß dieser Bildungsexpansion deutlich. Die UniversitĂ€t hat sich zur MassenuniversitĂ€t mit einer sehr heterogenen Studierendenschaft und mit einer entsprechend ungĂŒnstigen Betreuungsrelation gewandelt (vgl. Himpsl 2014). Insbesondere fĂŒr teilnehmerstarke EinfĂŒhrungsveranstaltungen ergeben sich daraus problematische Voraussetzungen. Die QualitĂ€t des Studiums leidet massiv; der Reformbedarf ist unumstritten (vgl. Asdonk u.a. 2013). Da sich an dieser Ausgangslage in absehbarer Zeit wenig Ă€ndern wird (vgl. DrĂ€ger, Friedrich & MĂŒller-Eiselt 2014: 6), sind innovative Lehr-Lern- Konzepte gefragt. Vielversprechend sind vor allem solche AnsĂ€tze, die herkömmliche PrĂ€senzveranstaltungen mit den Möglichkeiten digitaler (Internet-) Technologien verschrĂ€nken (vgl. HRK 2014). Ein Konzept, das besonderen Wert auf die Integration prĂ€senzbasierter und digitaler Angebote legt, ist e:t:p:M

    Sensitivity of resonant tunneling diode photodetectors

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    The authors are grateful for financial support by the BMBF via national project EIPHRIK (FKZ: 13N10710) and the European Union (FPVII (2007-2013) under Grant Agreement No. 318287 LANDAUER).We have studied the sensitivity of AlGaAs/GaAs double barrier resonant tunneling diode photodetectors with an integrated GaInNAs absorption layer for light sensing at the telecommunication wavelength of λ=1.3 ”m for illumination powers from pico to micro Watts. The sensitivity decreases nonlinearly with power. An illumination power increase of seven orders of magnitude leads to a reduction of the photocurrent sensitivity from SI =5.82 × 103 A/W to 3.2 A/W. We attribute the nonlinear sensitivity-power dependence to an altered local electrostatic potential due to hole-accumulation that on the one hand tunes the tunneling current, but on the other hand affects the lifetime of photogenerated holes. In particular, the lifetime decreases exponentially with increasing hole-population. The lifetime reduction results from an enhanced electrical field, a rise of the quasi-Fermi level and an increased energy splitting within the triangular potential well. The non-constant sensitivity is a direct result of the non-constant lifetime. Based on these findings, we provide an expression that allows to calculate the sensitivity as a function of illumination power and bias voltage, show a way to model the time-resolved photocurrent, and determine the critical power up to which the resonant tunneling diode photosensor sensitivity can be assumed constant.PostprintPeer reviewe

    User-Centric Networking : Privacy- and Resource-Awareness in User-to-User Communication

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    Stochastic resonance in a nanoscale Y-branch switch

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    The self-gating effect in a nanoscale Y-branch switch was exploited to tune the bistable switching so small that noise induced switching occurs. In this regime, the time-dependent response to a weak external periodic signal was studied. The noise-activated switching of the junction was synchronized with the weak external periodic signal due to the presence of the sole internal noise. A maximum synchronization is found and interpreted in terms of stochastic resonance

    Apps im Mathematikunterricht

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    Mobile EndgerĂ€te wie z.B. Tablet-PCs oder Smartphones sind ĂŒberall auf dem Vormarsch. So besitzen nach der aktuellen JIM - Studie 2013 (Jugend, Information, Multi-Media) des MedienpĂ€dagogischen Forschungsverbunds SĂŒdwest fast Dreiviertel der Jugendlichen zwischen 12 und 19 Jahren ein Smartphone. Tablet-PCs, auf denen in der Regel auch die gleichen Apps laufen, haben bereits 15% der Jugendlichen. Mobile EndgerĂ€te sind aus medientechnischer Sicht die reinsten Tausendsassas. So können sie als Videokamera, Fotoapparat, DiktiergerĂ€t, Scanner, Fernseher, Computer, Buch etc. eingesetzt werden (vgl. Kirch, 2013). Die breite VerfĂŒgbarkeit dieser GerĂ€te eröffnen auch fĂŒr den Mathematikunterricht neue Möglichkeiten. Neben Taschenrechnern, Tabellenkalkulationssystemen, Plottern, CAS und DGS sind es oft auch nicht direkt im Bereich der Mathematik angesiedelte Apps wie z.B. Spiele, die interessante mathematische BezĂŒge aufweisen. Bachmair, Friedrich und Risch stellen sich die Frage, warum man die Kompetenzen der Jugendlichen bezĂŒglich dieses neuen Mediums nicht fĂŒr einen „gezielten Bildungsprozess“ (vgl. Bachmair et al., 2011) nutzbar macht. Möchte man dies im Mathematikunterricht tun, ergeben sich viele Fragen, so z.B.: ─ Wie kann man Apps mit SchĂŒler/innen selbst erstellen? ─ Welche Apps gibt es fĂŒr den Mathematikunterricht? ─ Wie findet man die richtige App fĂŒr den Unterricht
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