化学放射線療法を施行した進行頭頸部癌患者に対する嚥下リハビリの評価 : 嚥下造影検査の動画解析

広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(医学)Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Sciencedoctora

Atherosclerotic plaque characterization using plaque area variation in IVUS images during compression: a computational investigation

INTRODUCTION: The rupture of atherosclerotic plaques causes millions of death yearly. It is known that the kind of predominant tissue is associated with its dangerousness. In addition, the mechanical properties of plaques have been proved to be a good parameter to characterize the type of tissue, important information for therapeutic decisions. METHODS: Therefore, we present an alternative and simple way to discriminate tissues. The procedure relies on computing an index, the ratio of the plaque area variation of a suspecting plaque, using images acquired with vessel and plaques, pre and post-deformation, under different intraluminal pressure. Numerical phantoms of coronary cross-sections with different morphological aspects, and simulated with a range of properties, were used for evaluation. RESULTS: The outcomes provided by this index and a widely used one were compared, so as to measure their correspondence. As a result, correlations up to 99%, a strong agreement with Bland-Altman and very similar histograms between the two indices, have shown a good level of equivalence between the methods. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the proposed index discriminates highly lipidic from fibro-lipidic and calcified tissues in many situations, as good as the widely used index, yet the proposed method is much simpler to be computed.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia Departamento de Ciência e TecnologiaUniversidade de São Paulo Escola Politécnica Departamento de Engenharia de Telecomunicações e ControleUNIFESP, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia Depto. de Ciência e TecnologiaSciEL

Melhoria na segurança pública com treinamento continuado do policial militar em estande de tiro modelo

Resumo: A evolução das técnicas, o desenvolvimento de novas metodologias, novas condições de trabalho exigem do ser humano, independentemente da profissão exercida, uma atualização profissional representada pela necessidade de capacitação, treinamento ou aperfeiçoamento que devem ser obtidos em locais ideais e adequados à sua realização. O policial militar é um dos profissionais responsáveis pela segurança e integridade física de cidadãos e do patrimônio, necessitando de treinamento adequado com utilização dos melhores recursos. O suporte de treinamento escolhido como tema do presente estudo é o Estande de Tiro Fechado destinado ao treinamento do policial militar. A falta de segurança sentida pela sociedade, a insuficiência da legislação que rege sua construção e uso, fez com que por meio da interdisciplinaridade da Engenharia de Produção, fosse realizado este estudo que se caracteriza pela elaboração de um modelo de avaliação e melhoria da qualidade para auxiliar na avaliação dos itens técnicos necessários ao funcionamento eficaz do estande de tiro modelo, considerando os benefícios para a sociedade, respeitando as áreas de desenvolvimento, os materiais e equipamentos utilizados. Este universo caracteriza a necessidade urgente do treinamento continuado do policial militar, principalmente no que tange o manuseio de armas de fogo. Para a classificação e caracterização da pesquisa, utilizou-se: pesquisa teórica e aplicada, trabalho científico original, pesquisa quantitativa experimental, pesquisa qualitativa bibliográfica e estudo de caso. Dimensões da Qualidade específicas e voltadas aos itens técnicos do estande de tiro foram obtidas por meio de questionário semiestruturado, além de entrevistas com policiais militares responsáveis pelo treinamento de tiro da Polícia Militar do Estado do Paraná. Com o tratamento dos dados, pela estatística descritiva, chegou-se à elaboração dos elementos que auxiliaram na avaliação dos itens técnicos necessários para o funcionamento eficaz do Estande de Tiro Modelo

Bioprospecção e avaliação da patogenicidade de fungos entomopatogênicos no controle de Lema bilineata Germar (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Orientadora: Profª. Dra. Ida Chapaval PimentelCoorientadora: Profª. Dra. Maria Aparecida Cassilha Zawadneak e Dra. Emily Silva AraujoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia. Defesa : Curitiba, 11/03/2022Inclui referênciasResumo: Lema bilineata Germar (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) é uma praga que foi relatada recentemente causando danos na cultura de fisális (Physalis peruviana) no Brasil. Pela ausência de inseticidas registrados para seu controle, o uso de fungos entomopatogênicos pode ser uma estratégia sustentável e de baixo impacto ambiental no manejo integrado dessa praga. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma nova praga do fisális, avaliar a herbivoria desta praga e coletar, isolar e avaliara patogenicidade de fungos entomopatogênicos sobre adultos e ovos de L. bilineata em condições de laboratório. Foram obtidos 15 isolados provenientes de adultos mortos de L. bilineata, coletados em cultivo de P. peruviana. A caracterização morfológica e molecular identificou os isolados como sendo o fungo Beauveria bassiana. Uma árvore filogenética foi fornecida. De todos os isolados testados em condições controladas (25°±2°C, 60± 10% UR, e fotoperíodo de 12:12h (D:N)), três foram selecionados por apresentarem taxas de mortalidade contra L. bilineata iguais ou superiores a 80%. Tais isolados foram testados também quanto à sua ação ovicida e apresentaram taxas de mortalidade acima de 75%. Os resultados indicaram o potencial desses isolados de B. bassiana como agentes de controle biológico contra L. bilineata. Entretanto, recomenda-se que testes complementares sejam realizados para verificar a capacidade destes isolados permanecerem viáveis em condições de semi-campo e campo, visando uma possível formulação de bioinseticidas.Abstract: Lema bilineata Germar (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a pest that was recently reported damaging the culture of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) in Brazil. Due to the absence of insecticides registered for its control, the use of entomopathogenic fungi can be a sustainable strategy with low environmental impact in the integrated management of this pest. The aim of this study was to present a new pest of physalis, evaluate the herbivory of this pest and collect, isolate and evaluate the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi against adults and eggs of L. bilineata under laboratory conditions. Fifteen isolates were obtained from dead adults of L. bilineata collected in P. peruviana crops. Morphological and molecular characterization identified the isolates as the fungus Beauveria bassiana. A phylogenetic tree was provided. Of all isolates tested under controlled conditions (25°±2C, 60±10% RH, and 12:12h photoperiod (D:N)), three isolates were selected because they showed mortality rates against L. bilineata equal to or greater than 80%. These isolates were also tested for their ovicidal action and showed mortality rates above 75%. The results indicate the potential of these isolates of B. bassiana as biological control agents against L. bilineata. It is recommended that further tests be performed to verify the ability of these isolates to remain viable in semi-field and field conditions, aiming at a possible formulation of bioinsecticides

Exploring the antibacterial properties of honey and its potential

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, São Paulo, BrazilInst Butantan, Ctr Toxinol Aplicada CAT CEPID, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP EPM, Dept Farmacol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP EPM, Dept Farmacol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

A System for Nutritional Consulting Using Quick Questionnaires on Diet and Unidentified Complaints

The aging of society and ongoing health care cost-control policy set the trend for the self-medication which leads to the growing interest in health promotion and prolongation of healthy life expectancy through self-health management. We developed a self-medication support system to provide comprehensive support to consumers at pharmacies and drug stores. This system facilitates the effective use of information and knowledge based on medicine and health. This self-medication support system comprised a set of two terminals connected network server in the data center: a user terminal for consumers use and an advisor terminals for specialized advisor, pharmacists, registered dieticians, and etc. This system enables specialized sales people to provide the appropriate advice based on the factors of consumer’s problem, and to make suggestions for improving his/her lifestyle: eating habit, doing exercise, and having relaxation time. As a result of the trial use of this system at pharmacy stores, a certain degree of correlation between the results of a questionnaire on unidentified complaints and dietary patterns causing potential micronutrient deficiency was demonstrated

Antimicrobial compounds from natural sources

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Farmacol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Med, São Paulo, BrazilButantan Inst, Ctr Toxinol Aplicada, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Farmacol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Med, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Animal Models in Psychiatric Disorder Studies

Among the diseases affecting the brain, special attention has been paid to psychiatric disorders (PDs) due to high prevalence and significant debilitating clinical features. Many difficulties need to be overcome to find good animal models for PDs, due to their multifactorial origins, high heterogeneity and symptoms, as for instance the hallucinations and delusions, which usually cannot be easily assessed employing ordinary experimental animal models. The use of animal models reproducing at least some specific traits that can be studied individually, known as endophenotypes, is often reported. However, since altered biological pathways are common to many of these disorders, each of these behaviors may also reflect different PDs. In this context, it is possible to perform several approaches, to elicit changes in the endophenotypes of interest, not only in vertebrate models like rodents, but also in invertebrate models which have important advantages due to high conservation of essential pathways, lower complexity, and shorter life cycle compared to mammals. Therefore, animal models are also helpful for elucidating the etiology underlying PDs, by allowing easier access to biological samples that are usually not accessible in clinical studies, as for instance, fresh brain samples, from embryos to adults

Does the Group Size during a Picture Book-reading Affect the Pre-school Children's Response?

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of group size on the response during a picture book-reading by the pre-school children. Five or six-year old children of kindergarten (N=28) were assigned to the "3 people" group and "8 people" group. The checklist was created from the responses observed during the picture book-reading. The checklist consisted of 16 responses categorized into 5 types, i.e., "utterance", "facial expression", "action", "gaze", and "response to other people" . Analysis of variance for each response, with group size ( "3 people" group, "8 people" group) and time section (first half, latter half) as independent variables, were performed. The main results were as follows: (1) The response to "see the child who talked" was higher in the "8 people" group than the "3-person" group, in the latter half. (2) The "laugh out loud" response was higher in the "8 people" group than the "3 people" group, in both the first half and the latter half. Based on these results, the features of each group size were discussed