The Effect of Water Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen Content on the Rate of Gill Movement of the Hellgrammite Corydalus Cornutus

Author Institution: Department of Zoology and Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210The rate of gill movement of the Hellgrammite Corydalus cornutus as a function of water temperature and dissolved oxygen content has been measured. The specimens were introduced into open, water-filled vessels subsequent to partial removal of dissolved oxygen from the water. Measurements of gill-movement rate were made with a hand tally counter and electric timer, while dissolved oxygen content determinations were accomplished by the Winkler technique. Gill movements increased 0.026±0.018 beats per second with each parts per million decrease in dissolved oxygen content. Gill movements increased 0.188±0.081 beats per second with each degree Centigrade increase in temperature. This latter value is consistent with van't Hoff's rule. Observations of the specimens showed that there was a strict sequence to gill movement and that, under certain conditions, bubbles formed at the presumably inoperative spiracles. Dissections were performed to investigate the cause of this bubble formation and gas was found to fill the major portion of the closed tracheal system

Extramammary Paget disease of the perianal region:the potential role of imiquimod in achieving disease control

Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare perineal neoplasia associated with a high rate of local recurrence. Surgical excision is the standard treatment; however, this has high rates of post-operative morbidity in combination with potentially mutilating results. Previous literature has demonstrated good response with imiquimod 5% cream in patients with vulval EMPD, yet its effectiveness in primary perianal disease is unknown. We describe the case of a 40-year-old woman presenting with EMPD of the perianal region, providing detailed histological and pictoral evidence of its response to topical imiquimod 5% cream over a 16-week period, which initially resulted in remission prior to metastatic lymph node recurrence. This case demonstrates the potential for topical imiquimod cream to avoid major surgery and its associated complications in patients presenting with EMPD of the perianal region. We discuss the current evidence for treating this rare condition with medical therapy, how this case adds to current literature and possible future directions

HIV-1 envelope vaccine production with improved yields and glycosylation profile through mannose supplementation

A long-standing goal of the HIV field has been to develop a vaccine; however, there has been limited success in this pursuit, to date. The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is the only HIV viral protein known to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) and as such Env is the only candidate molecule for vaccine design. Recent advances have been made for stable expression of this recombinant protein in its closed, pre-fusion native viral surface conformation, with the current work focusing on the BG505-DS-SOSIP.664 construct developed at the NIH. The HIV-1 Env is a trimeric construct containing approximately 90 N-linked glycans accounting for over 50% of the protein mass. This glycan profile is an essential determinant for viral infection, with Env having a predominantly oligomannose glycan composition. Specific glycans are utilized for the binding epitopes of several bNAbs, indicating the importance of the glycosylation profile in a potential vaccine candidate. Utilizing DoE principles, a media supplement screen was carried out in shake flasks and ambr®15 micro bioreactors to investigate magnesium and manganese cations, monosaccharides, and higher nutrient supplementation on the Env glycosylation profile. These screens identified that supplementation with mannose could significantly improve the quantity and quality of the recombinant protein, but other nutrient feeds and hexose sugars, such as glucose or fructose, did not provide a similar benefit. Glycan profile analysis confirmed that the benefit of mannose can be attributed to the shift in the glycan profile to increased oligomannose species. Additional studies are planned to optimize the mannose and other monosaccharide supplementations with the ultimate goal to incorporate the results into a GMP manufacturing process. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Early Scottish Monasteries and Prehistory: A Preliminary Dialogue

Reflecting oil the diversity of monastic attributes found in the east and west of Britain, the author proposes that prehistoric ritual practice was influential on monastic form. An argument is advanced that this was not based solely oil inspiration Front the landscape, nor oil conservative tradition, but oil the intellectual reconciliation of Christian and non-Christian ideas, with disparate results that account. for the differences in monumentality. Among more general matters tentatively credited with a prehistoric root are the cult of relics, the tonsure and the date of Easter

Developmental toxicity study of sodium molybdate dihydrate administered in the diet to Sprague Dawley rats

AbstractMolybdenum is an essential nutrient for humans and animals and is a constituent of several important oxidase enzymes. It is normally absorbed from the diet and to a lesser extent from drinking water and the typical human intake is around 2μg/kg bodyweight per day. No developmental toxicity studies to contemporary standards have been published and regulatory decisions have been based primarily on older studies where the nature of the test material, or the actual dose levels consumed is uncertain.In the current study the developmental toxicity of sodium molybdate dihydrate as a representative of a broad class of soluble molybdenum(VI) compounds, was given in the diet to Sprague Dawley rats in accordance with OECD Test Guideline 414. Dose levels of 0, 3, 10, 20 and 40mgMo/kgbw/day were administered from GD6 to GD20. No adverse effects were observed at any dose level on the dams, or on embryofetal survival, fetal bodyweight, or development, with no increase in malformations or variations. Significant increases in serum and tissue copper levels were observed but no toxicity related to these was observed. The NOAEL observed in this study was 40mgMo/kgbw/day, the highest dose tested

Nonunital spectral triples and metric completeness in unbounded KK-theory

By considering the general properties of approximate units in differentiable algebras, we are able to present a unified approach to characterising completeness of spectral metric spaces, existence of connections on modules, and the lifting of Kasparov products to the unbounded category. In particular, by strengthening Kasparov's technical theorem, we show that given any two composable KK-classes, we can find unbounded representatives whose product can be constructed to yield an unbounded representative of the Kasparov product.Comment: 65 page