2,798 research outputs found
Center clusters in the Yang-Mills vacuum
Properties of local Polyakov loops for SU(2) and SU(3) lattice gauge theory
at finite temperature are analyzed. We show that spatial clusters can be
identified where the local Polyakov loops have values close to the same center
element. For a suitable definition of these clusters the deconfinement
transition can be characterized by the onset of percolation in one of the
center sectors. The analysis is repeated for different resolution scales of the
lattice and we argue that the center clusters have a continuum limit.Comment: Table added. Final version to appear in JHE
The egalitarian effect of search engines
Search engines have become key media for our scientific, economic, and social
activities by enabling people to access information on the Web in spite of its
size and complexity. On the down side, search engines bias the traffic of users
according to their page-ranking strategies, and some have argued that they
create a vicious cycle that amplifies the dominance of established and already
popular sites. We show that, contrary to these prior claims and our own
intuition, the use of search engines actually has an egalitarian effect. We
reconcile theoretical arguments with empirical evidence showing that the
combination of retrieval by search engines and search behavior by users
mitigates the attraction of popular pages, directing more traffic toward less
popular sites, even in comparison to what would be expected from users randomly
surfing the Web.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, 2 appendices. The final version of this e-print
has been published on the Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103(34), 12684-12689
(2006), http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/103/34/1268
Distributed Graph Clustering using Modularity and Map Equation
We study large-scale, distributed graph clustering. Given an undirected
graph, our objective is to partition the nodes into disjoint sets called
clusters. A cluster should contain many internal edges while being sparsely
connected to other clusters. In the context of a social network, a cluster
could be a group of friends. Modularity and map equation are established
formalizations of this internally-dense-externally-sparse principle. We present
two versions of a simple distributed algorithm to optimize both measures. They
are based on Thrill, a distributed big data processing framework that
implements an extended MapReduce model. The algorithms for the two measures,
DSLM-Mod and DSLM-Map, differ only slightly. Adapting them for similar quality
measures is straight-forward. We conduct an extensive experimental study on
real-world graphs and on synthetic benchmark graphs with up to 68 billion
edges. Our algorithms are fast while detecting clusterings similar to those
detected by other sequential, parallel and distributed clustering algorithms.
Compared to the distributed GossipMap algorithm, DSLM-Map needs less memory, is
up to an order of magnitude faster and achieves better quality.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures; v3: Camera ready for Euro-Par 2018, more
details, more results; v2: extended experiments to include comparison with
competing algorithms, shortened for submission to Euro-Par 201
Stable and Efficient Structures for the Content Production and Consumption in Information Communities
Real-world information communities exhibit inherent structures that
characterize a system that is stable and efficient for content production and
consumption. In this paper, we study such structures through mathematical
modelling and analysis. We formulate a generic model of a community in which
each member decides how they allocate their time between content production and
consumption with the objective of maximizing their individual reward. We define
the community system as "stable and efficient" when a Nash equilibrium is
reached while the social welfare of the community is maximized. We investigate
the conditions for forming a stable and efficient community under two
variations of the model representing different internal relational structures
of the community. Our analysis results show that the structure with "a small
core of celebrity producers" is the optimally stable and efficient for a
community. These analysis results provide possible explanations to the
sociological observations such as "the Law of the Few" and also provide
insights into how to effectively build and maintain the structure of
information communities.Comment: 21 page
Testing Cluster Structure of Graphs
We study the problem of recognizing the cluster structure of a graph in the
framework of property testing in the bounded degree model. Given a parameter
, a -bounded degree graph is defined to be -clusterable, if it can be partitioned into no more than parts, such
that the (inner) conductance of the induced subgraph on each part is at least
and the (outer) conductance of each part is at most
, where depends only on . Our main
result is a sublinear algorithm with the running time
that takes as
input a graph with maximum degree bounded by , parameters , ,
, and with probability at least , accepts the graph if it
is -clusterable and rejects the graph if it is -far from
-clusterable for , where depends only on . By the lower
bound of on the number of queries needed for testing graph
expansion, which corresponds to in our problem, our algorithm is
asymptotically optimal up to polylogarithmic factors.Comment: Full version of STOC 201
Critical Droplets and Phase Transitions in Two Dimensions
In two space dimensions, the percolation point of the pure-site clusters of
the Ising model coincides with the critical point T_c of the thermal transition
and the percolation exponents belong to a special universality class. By
introducing a bond probability p_B<1, the corresponding site-bond clusters keep
on percolating at T_c and the exponents do not change, until
p_B=p_CK=1-exp(-2J/kT): for this special expression of the bond weight the
critical percolation exponents switch to the 2D Ising universality class. We
show here that the result is valid for a wide class of bidimensional models
with a continuous magnetization transition: there is a critical bond
probability p_c such that, for any p_B>=p_c, the onset of percolation of the
site-bond clusters coincides with the critical point of the thermal transition.
The percolation exponents are the same for p_c<p_B<=1 but, for p_B=p_c, they
suddenly change to the thermal exponents, so that the corresponding clusters
are critical droplets of the phase transition. Our result is based on Monte
Carlo simulations of various systems near criticality.Comment: Final version for publication, minor changes, figures adde
A Geometrical Interpretation of Hyperscaling Breaking in the Ising Model
In random percolation one finds that the mean field regime above the upper
critical dimension can simply be explained through the coexistence of infinite
percolating clusters at the critical point. Because of the mapping between
percolation and critical behaviour in the Ising model, one might check whether
the breakdown of hyperscaling in the Ising model can also be intepreted as due
to an infinite multiplicity of percolating Fortuin-Kasteleyn clusters at the
critical temperature T_c. Preliminary results suggest that the scenario is much
more involved than expected due to the fact that the percolation variables
behave differently on the two sides of T_c.Comment: Lattice2002(spin
Implementation of the Quantum Fourier Transform
The quantum Fourier transform (QFT) has been implemented on a three bit
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantum computer, providing a first step
towards the realization of Shor's factoring and other quantum algorithms.
Implementation of the QFT is presented with fidelity measures, and state
tomography. Experimentally realizing the QFT is a clear demonstration of NMR's
ability to control quantum systems.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
Motif-based communities in complex networks
Community definitions usually focus on edges, inside and between the
communities. However, the high density of edges within a community determines
correlations between nodes going beyond nearest-neighbours, and which are
indicated by the presence of motifs. We show how motifs can be used to define
general classes of nodes, including communities, by extending the mathematical
expression of Newman-Girvan modularity. We construct then a general framework
and apply it to some synthetic and real networks
Solution of the Bohr hamiltonian for soft triaxial nuclei
The Bohr-Mottelson model is solved for a generic soft triaxial nucleus,
separating the Bohr hamiltonian exactly and using a number of different
model-potentials: a displaced harmonic oscillator in , which is solved
with an approximated algebraic technique, and Coulomb/Kratzer,
harmonic/Davidson and infinite square well potentials in , which are
solved exactly. In each case we derive analytic expressions for the
eigenenergies which are then used to calculate energy spectra.
Here we study the chain of osmium isotopes and we compare our results with
experimental information and previous calculations.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure
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