A Short Travel for Neutrinos in Large Extra Dimensions

Neutrino oscillations successfully explain the flavor transitions observed in neutrinos produced in natural sources like the center of the sun and the earth atmosphere, and also from man-made sources like reactors and accelerators. These oscillations are driven by two mass-squared differences, solar and atmospheric, at the sub-eV scale. However, longstanding anomalies at short-baselines might imply the existence of new oscillation frequencies at the eV-scale and the possibility of this sterile state(s) to mix with the three active neutrinos. One of the many future neutrino programs that are expected to provide a final word on this issue is the Short-Baseline Neutrino Program (SBN) at FERMILAB. In this letter, we consider a specific model of Large Extra Dimensions (LED) which provides interesting signatures of oscillation of extra sterile states. We started re-creating sensitivity analyses for sterile neutrinos in the 3+1 scenario, previously done by the SBN collaboration, by simulating neutrino events in the three SBN detectors from both muon neutrino disappearance and electron neutrino appearance. Then, we implemented neutrino oscillations as predicted in the LED model and also we have performed sensitivity analysis to the LED parameters. Finally, we studied the SBN power of discriminating between the two models, the 3+1 and the LED. We have found that SBN is sensitive to the oscillations predicted in the LED model and have the potential to constrain the LED parameter space better than any other oscillation experiment, for $m_{1}^D<0.1\,\text{eV}$. In case SBN observes a departure from the three active neutrino framework, it also has the power of discriminating between sterile oscillations predicted in the 3+1 framework and the LED ones.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures, 2 table

LeMoMaF: Lensed Mock Map Facility

We present the Lensed Mock Map Facility (LeMoMaF), a tool designed to perform mock weak lensing measurements on numerically simulated chunks of the universe. Coupling N-body simulations to a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation, LeMoMaF can create realistic lensed images and mock catalogues of galaxies, at wavelengths ranging from the UV to the submm. To demonstrate the power of such a tool we compute predictions of the source-lens clustering effect on the convergence statistics, and quantify the impact of weak lensing on galaxy counts in two different filters. We find that the source-lens clustering effect skews the probability density function of the convergence towards low values, with an intensity which strongly depends on the redshift distribution of galaxies. On the other hand, the degree of enhancement or depletion in galaxy counts due to weak lensing is independent of the source-lens clustering effect. We discuss the impact on the two-points shear statistics to be measured by future missions like SNAP and LSST. The source-lens clustering effect would bias the estimation of sigma_8 from two point statistics by 2% -5%. We conclude that accurate photometric redshifts for individual galaxies are necessary in order to quantify and isolate the source-lens clustering effect.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures, submitted to MNRA

Evaluation of additional head of biceps brachii: a study with autopsy material

Additional head of the biceps brachii (AHBB) has been reported in different population groups with a frequency of 1–25%. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and morphologic expression of the AHBB as determined in a sample of the Colombian population. An exploration was conducted with 106 arms corresponding to unclaimed corpses autopsied at Institute of Legal and Forensic Medicine of Bucaramanga, Colombia. Using medial incision involvingskin, subcutaneous tissue, and brachial fascia, the heads of the biceps and their innervating branches were visualised. One AHBB was observed in 21 (19.8%) of the arms evaluated, with non-significant difference (p = 0.568) per side of presentation: 11 (52.4%) cases on the right side and 10 (47.6%) on the left side. All AHBBs were originated in the infero-medial segment of the humerus, with a mean thickness of 17.8 ± 6.8 mm. In 4 (19%) cases the fascicle was thin, less than 10 mm; in 7 (33.3%) cases it was of medium thickness, between 11 and 20 mm, whereas in 47.6% it was longer than 20 mm. The length of the AHBB was 118.3 ± 26.8 mm; its motor point supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve was located at 101.3 ± 20.9 mm of the bi-epicondylar line. The incidence of AHBB in this study is located at the upper segment of what has been reportedin the literature and could be a morphologic trait of the Colombian population; in agreement with prior studies, the origin was the infero-medial surface of the humerus

OPTIMISATION OF ENERGY ABSORBING LINER FOR EQUESTRIAN HELMETS

The density of foam used as energy absorbing liner material in safety helmets was optimised in this paper using Finite Element Modelling (FEM). FEM simulations of impact tests from certification standards were carried out to obtain the best performing configurations of helmet liner. For each test condition, two best liner configurations were identified as minimising peak impact accelerations: one was composed of layers of uniform foam and the other of functionally graded foam (FGF). It was found that the observed decreases in the peak accelerations for the best performing helmets in various test conditions are directly related to the contact area, the distribution of internal stresses, and the dissipated plastic energy density (DPED). Application of the methods described in this study could help increase energy absorption for current and future equestrian helmet designs

Estimating networks of sustainable development goals

An increasing number of researchers and practitioners advocate for a systemic understanding of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through interdependency networks. Ironically, the burgeoning network-estimation literature seems neglected by this community. We provide an introduction to the most suitable estimation methods for SDG networks. Building a dataset with 87 development indicators in four countries over 20 years, we perform a comparative study of these methods. We find important differences in the estimated network structures as well as in synergies and trade-offs between SDGs. Finally, we provide some guidelines on the potentials and limitations of estimating SDG networks for policy advice

Stability of glassy hierarchical networks

The structure of interactions in most animal and human societies can be best represented by complex hierarchical networks. In order to maintain close-to-optimal function both stability and adaptability are necessary. Here we investigate the stability of hierarchical networks that emerge from the simulations of an organization type with an efficiency function reminiscent of the Hamiltonian of spin glasses. Using this quantitative approach we find a number of expected (from everyday observations) and highly non-trivial results for the obtained locally optimal networks, including, for example: (i) stability increases with growing efficiency and level of hierarchy; (ii) the same perturbation results in a larger change for more efficient states; (iii) networks with a lower level of hierarchy become more efficient after perturbation; (iv) due to the huge number of possible optimal states only a small fraction of them exhibit resilience and, finally, (v) 'attacks' targeting the nodes selectively (regarding their position in the hierarchy) can result in paradoxical outcomes

Effect of force angle on the strain distribution of osseointegrated dental implants

International audienceIn this work, we investigate the response of the anisotropic maxilla bone in the peri-implant region, when osseointegrated implants are subjected to external forces at different angles, based on the stress and strain distribution by the finite element method. Models were created to represent a portion of a maxilla bone (upper first molar region) with two types of implants which have different thread geometry (squared and V-shaped) and material (Ti-6AL-4V ELI and grade IV Titanium). Compressive axial (150 N) and oblique load (150 N at 45° angle) were applied to anisotropic models of the bone tissues. Complete osseointegration was assumed. Results demonstrated that the increase of the implant inclination leads to a more critical behaviour. Oblique loading is more detrimental to stress and strain distribution than axial load. Stress fields were more efficiently distributed by squared thread implants

A short travel for neutrinos in large extra dimensions

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICONeutrino oscillations successfully explain the flavor transitions observed in neutrinos produced in natural sources like the center of the sun and the earth atmosphere, and also from man-made sources like reactors and accelerators. These oscillations are driven by two mass-squared differences, solar and atmospheric, at the sub-eV scale. However, longstanding anomalies at short-baselines might imply the existence of new oscillation frequencies at the eV-scale and the possibility of this sterile state(s) to mix with the three active neutrinos. One of the many future neutrino programs that are expected to provide a final word on this issue is the Short-Baseline Neutrino Program (SBN) at FERMILAB. In this letter, we consider a specific model of Large Extra Dimensions (LED) which provides interesting signatures of oscillation of extra sterile states. We started re-creating sensitivity analyses for sterile neutrinos in the 3+1 scenario, previously done by the SBN collaboration, by simulating neutrino events in the three SBN detectors from both muon neutrino disappearance and electron neutrino appearance. Then, we implemented neutrino oscillations as predicted in the LED model and also we have performed sensitivity analysis to the LED parameters. Finally, we studied the SBN power of discriminating between the two models, the 3+1 and the LED. We have found that SBN is sensitive to the oscillations predicted in the LED model and have the potential to constrain the LED parameter space better than any other oscillation experiment for m1 D < 0.1 eV. In case SBN observes a departure from the three active neutrino framework, it also has the power of discriminating between sterile oscillations predicted in the 3+1 framework and the LED ones.11121FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO2014/19164-62016/00272-92016/08308-22017/12904-22017/01749-6307269/2013-2304715/2016-

Griess Test Affection (A and B) by Transmission of Contaminants Inside the Barrel of the Shotgun Brand Benelli Super Nova Model

The present investigation arises from the need to investigate and to experiment scientifically if the contaminants established as controlled variable and not contralada can affect performing the procedure described in clause 4 1 of guide 2DC-GU-0024 on performing ballistic testing on weapons firearms pneumatic gas black powder detonating electrical etc and entering ballistic identification systems It can be reasonably inferred that by performing the forty-two tests manipulating solutions A and B of the Griess reagent it is evident that the pollutants transferred to the Interior of the Cannon 4-stroke oil diesel and gasoline do not affect the results for the identification of nitrites Product of combustion during the Shooting phenomenon Case contrary It happens with rainwater since it is observed that the same it affects the elaboration of the test taking into account that without coming into contact with the gunpowder results in a faint pink coloration indicating in a preliminary way that it is Positive for presence of nitrite