15,415 research outputs found
A global simulation for laser driven MeV electrons in -diameter fast ignition targets
The results from 2.5-dimensional Particle-in-Cell simulations for the
interaction of a picosecond-long ignition laser pulse with a plasma pellet of
50- diameter and 40 critical density are presented. The high density
pellet is surrounded by an underdense corona and is isolated by a vacuum region
from the simulation box boundary. The laser pulse is shown to filament and
create density channels on the laser-plasma interface. The density channels
increase the laser absorption efficiency and help generate an energetic
electron distribution with a large angular spread. The combined distribution of
the forward-going energetic electrons and the induced return electrons is
marginally unstable to the current filament instability. The ions play an
important role in neutralizing the space charges induced by the the temperature
disparity between different electron groups. No global coalescing of the
current filaments resulted from the instability is observed, consistent with
the observed large angular spread of the energetic electrons.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Physics of Plasmas (May 2006
Beam loading in the nonlinear regime of plasma-based acceleration
A theory that describes how to load negative charge into a nonlinear,
three-dimensional plasma wakefield is presented. In this regime, a laser or an
electron beam blows out the plasma electrons and creates a nearly spherical ion
channel, which is modified by the presence of the beam load. Analytical
solutions for the fields and the shape of the ion channel are derived. It is
shown that very high beam-loading efficiency can be achieved, while the energy
spread of the bunch is conserved. The theoretical results are verified with the
Particle-In-Cell code OSIRIS.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Physical Review Letter
Entanglement and the nonlinear elastic behavior of forests of coiled carbon nanotubes
Helical or coiled nanostructures have been object of intense experimental and
theoretical studies due to their special electronic and mechanical properties.
Recently, it was experimentally reported that the dynamical response of
foamlike forest of coiled carbon nanotubes under mechanical impact exhibits a
nonlinear, non-Hertzian behavior, with no trace of plastic deformation. The
physical origin of this unusual behavior is not yet fully understood. In this
work, based on analytical models, we show that the entanglement among
neighboring coils in the superior part of the forest surface must be taken into
account for a full description of the strongly nonlinear behavior of the impact
response of a drop-ball onto a forest of coiled carbon nanotubes.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Galvanic corrosion of two non noble dental alloys
Artigo licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"This study aims to evaluate the corrosion resistance of two nonnoble dental alloys, namely, the Wiron®88 (Ni–Cr–Mo) and the Remanium 2000+ (Co–Cr–Mo–W). A noble alloy, the V-Gnathos® Plus (AuPt) previously studied was also considered for the purpose of comparison. The study was conducted in artificial saliva, pH 7.1, at 37 °C, by cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry. The Rp value of the alloy of high contents of Ni, the Wiron®88, was 26.2±0.2 kΩ cm2 and of the one with high contents of Co, the Remanium 2000+, was 22.5±0.6 kΩ cm2. Data from linear polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy lead to the same order for the resistance against corrosion. The order from the less to the more reactive alloy is: Wiron®88 → Remanium 2000+. The galvanic cell obtained by coupling the two nonnoble alloys presents very low cell potential (a few mV, -18 mV), while the galvanic cell between one noble alloy (the V-Gnathos® Plus) and the Wiron®88 showed a higher cell potential (-104 mV). Both galvanic couples, under short circuit, have lead to the release of cations, namely, Co2+, in the case of the Wiron®88|Remanium 2000+ and Ni2+ for the Wiron®88|V-Gnathos® Plus, galvanic couples, respectively, with the ionic concentrations reaching values of 12.15 and 7.30 μg L-1 (7.30 ppb), respectively. SEM micrographs obtained after 25 days immersion in artificial saliva, at 37 °C, showed the formation of well-defined pits on the surface of the two non-noble alloys.
Evaluation of fuzzy logic techniques applied to the control of electrical machines
Este artÃculo presenta un trabajo desarrollado para una evaluación de la aplicación de técnicas de
lógica difusa (fuzzy) al control de máquinas eléctricas, y más especÃficamente a un motor de
inducción trifásico. Se realiza una introducción del Matlab/Simulink, utilizado para desarrollar y
simular todo el sistema basado en la técnica referida. Asimismo se presenta la herramienta
informática fuzzyTECH, empleada para desarrollar, depurar y posteriormente generar el código
correspondiente al sistema de control. En este trabajo se compara la ejecución de un regulador
fuzzy con un regulador PI y se demuestra que, mediante una elección adequada de las reglas y de
las funciones pertenencia, su comportamiento dinámico es mejor, principalmente, en términos de
la insensibilidad a la variación de parámetros. Los resultados obtenidos permite inferir que las
técnicas de lógica difusa es posible en este tipo de aplicaciones siendo una alternativa interesante
a las técnicas de control clásico.This paper reports work that is being developed in the evaluation of fuzzy logic techniques applied
to the control of electrical machines, using the induction motor as an example. An overview of a
CACSD (Computer Aided Control System Design) tools is also presented: Matlab/Simulink, used to
design and simulate a control system based on the referred techniques; fuzzyTECH, used to
design, tune and subsequently generate the code which implements fuzzy controller. The
evaluation of the fuzzy logic controller behaviour is made through the comparison with a traditional
PI controller and it will be shown that, with a proper selection of membership functions, its dynamic
response is better, namely in terms of robustness. From the results obtained, it can be concluded
that the use of fuzzy logic control for this kind of applications is not only viable, but also an
interesting alternative to more conventional techniques.(undefined
Ion acceleration from laser-driven electrostatic shocks
Multi-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are used to study the
generation of electrostatic shocks in plasma and the reflection of background
ions to produce high-quality and high-energy ion beams. Electrostatic shocks
are driven by the interaction of two plasmas with different density and/or
relative drift velocity. The energy and number of ions reflected by the shock
increase with increasing density ratio and relative drift velocity between the
two interacting plasmas. It is shown that the interaction of intense lasers
with tailored near-critical density plasmas allows for the efficient heating of
the plasma electrons and steepening of the plasma profile at the critical
density interface, leading to the generation of high-velocity shock structures
and high-energy ion beams. Our results indicate that high-quality 200 MeV
shock-accelerated ion beams required for medical applications may be obtained
with current laser systems.Comment: 33 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Physics of Plasma
The Schwarzschild-de Sitter solution in five-dimensional general relativity briefly revisited
We briefly revisit the Schwarzschild-de Sitter solution in the context of
five-dimensional general relativity. We obtain a class of five-dimensional
solutions of Einstein vacuum field equations into which the four-dimensional
Schwarzschild-de Sitter space can be locally and isometrically embedded. We
show that this class of solutions is well-behaved in the limit of lambda
approaching zero. Applying the same procedure to the de Sitter cosmological
model in five dimensions we obtain a class of embedding spaces which are
similarly well-behaved in this limit. These examples demonstrate that the
presence of a non-zero cosmological constant does not in general impose a rigid
relation between the (3+1) and (4+1)-dimensional spacetimes, with degenerate
limiting behaviour.Comment: 7 page
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