Abdominal wall paresis as a complication of laparoscopic surgery

Purpose: Abdominal wall nerve injury as a result of trocar placement for laparoscopic surgery is rare. We intend to discuss causes of abdominal wall paresis as well as relevant anatomy. Methods: A review of the nerve supply of the abdominal wall is illustrated with a rare case of a patient presenting with paresis of the internal oblique muscle due to a trocar lesion of the right iliohypogastric nerve after laparoscopic appendectomy. Results: Trocar placement in the upper lateral abdomen can damage the subcostal nerve (Th12), caudal intercostal nerves (Th7-11) and ventral rami of the thoracic nerves (Th7-12). Trocar placement in the lower abdomen can damage the ilioinguinal (L1 or L2) and iliohypogastric nerves (Th12-L1). Pareses of abdominal muscles due to trocar placement are rare due to overlap in innervation and relatively small sizes of trocar incisions. Conclusion: Knowledge of the anatomy of the abdominal wall is mandatory in order to avoid the injury of important structures during trocar placement

Exact and Approximate Analysis of Multi-Echelon, Multi-Indenture Spare Parts Systems with Commonality

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Avaliação das aderências pós-operatórias em ratos submetidos a peritoniostomia com tela de polipropileno associada à nitrofurazona

RACIONAL: Lesões peritoniais, comuns no per e pós-operatório, levam à formação de aderências, cuja incidência aumenta ainda mais com o uso de telas de polipropileno. A nitrofurazona é uma substância que acelera o processo de cicatrização e, devido a isso, cogitou-se a possibilidade de uma ação sobre as aderências peritoniais. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as aderências pós-operatórias em ratos submetidos a peritoniostomia com fixação de tela de polipropileno associada a nitrofurazona. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se 33 ratos Wistar, divididos em 3 grupos de 11 animais, sendo no grupo I realizado laparotomia com exposição da cavidade ao ar ambiente e posterior laparorrafia; no grupo II, ressecção de fragmento da parede abdominal com fixação de tela de polipropileno no espaço e no grupo III, procedimento semelhante ao do grupo II, porém com tela embebida em nitrofurazona. Após 45 dias foram sacrificados e necropsiados. RESULTADOS: Dos animais do grupo I, sete não tiveram aderências (grau 0), dois tiveram aderências de grau 1 e dois de grau 2. No grupo II, 1 foi classificado como grau 3 e 10 como grau 4. No grupo III, um foi de grau 0, oito de grau 3 e um de grau 4 (um animal foi a óbito antes de 45 dias). Todas as aderências encontradas envolveram parede abdominal; 10 animais tiveram aderências envolvendo apenas o omento (grupo I = 4; grupo II = 1 e grupo III = 5); 11 animais tiveram aderências envolvendo o omento, as alças intestinais e outros órgãos abdominais, sendo 10 do grupo II e um do grupo III; três animais tiveram aderências envolvendo apenas alças intestinais, sendo todos do grupo III. Dos 14 animais que tiveram aderências envolvendo as alças intestinais, 10 eram do grupo II (9 com mais de um ponto) e 4 do grupo III (3 com somente um ponto de fixação). CONCLUSÃO: O uso de nitrofurazona associado à tela de polipropileno não reduziu significativamente a incidência de aderências pós-operatórias em ratos, porém diminuiu a intensidade e gravidade dessas aderências.BACKGROUND: Peritoneal injuries, common in per and postoperative, lead to the formation of adhesions. The use of polypropylene mesh increases the postoperative adhesions incidence. Based on the fact of nitrofurazone accelerates the healing process, a possible action on peritoneal adhesions was cogitated. AIM: To evaluate postoperative adhesions in rats submitted to peritoneostomy with polypropylene mesh fixation associated to nitrofurazone. METHODS: Thirty-three Wistar rats were separated into three groups of eleven animals each one. In group I was performed the laparotomy with exposition of the abdominal cavity followed by the laparotomy suture; in group II was performed the resection of a abdominal wall fragment followed by polypropylene mesh fixation on the gap and in group III was performed the same done in group II, but the mesh was previously impregnated with nitrofurazone. After 45 days the animals were sacrificed and necropsied. RESULTS: Seven animals of group I had no adhesions (degree 0), two had degree 1 adhesions and two had degree 2. In group II, one animal was classificated as degree 3 and ten as degree 4. In group III, one had degree 0, eight had degree 3 and one had degree 4 (one animal died before 45 days). All adhesions found involved the abdominal wall; ten animals had adhesions involving only omentum (group I = 4; group II = 1 and group III = 5); eleven animals had adhesions involving omentum, small bowel and other abdominal organs (group II = 10; group III = 1); three animals had adhesions involving only small bowel, all belonged to group III. Fourteen animals had adhesions involving small bowel, of these ten belonged to group II (nine with more than one fixation point) and four belonged to group III (three with just one fixation point). CONCLUSION: The association of nitrofurazone with polypropylene mesh did not reduce significantly the postoperative adhesions incidence in rats, but reduced the intensity and severity of these adhesions

Effects of TVE application during 70% hepatectomy on regeneration capacity of rats

WOS: 000227650100022PubMed: 15734492Background For adequate control of excess bleeding during liver resection, total vascular exclusion (TVE) is preferred by surgeons, especially when the tumor is located in the posterior liver lobes or near the cava. To the authors' knowledge, the effects of TVE technique on the postoperative liver regeneration process have not thus far been evaluated yet in the literature. This study was planned to compare the effects of liver resections performed either with portal pedicle clamping or with TVE on the regeneration process. Materials and methods. Seventy percent hepatectomy was performed with portal pedicle clamping (n = 10, Group A) or with TVE (n = 10, Group B) in rats. At 48 h after resection, sampling was performed for the measurement of serum transaminase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tissue malondialdehyde (AIDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels. Liver regeneration rate, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling, and mitotic indices were also evaluated. Results. Liver injury determinants (serum transaminases, ALP, and tissue MDA levels) were found significantly higher in group B than in group A. Liver regeneration rate, liver GSH levels, PCNA labeling index, and mitotic index were significantly lower in group B than in group A. Conclusions. The injury during TVE seems to be greater than during resection with portal pedicle clamping. The negative effect of this oxidative damage may influence the regenerative capacity of the remnant liver tissue. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Evaluation of liver damage after application of TVE in the rat model

WOS: 000234412900103PubMed: 16387167Introduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of total vascular exclusion (TVE) on the liver during the early period of reperfusion. Materials and methods. Forty Wistar-Albino rats were divided into four groups. Portal pedicle clamping (groups 1 and 2) or TVE (groups 3 and 4) were applied for 10 minutes. Samples were collected at the time of clamp release (groups 1 and 3) and at 30 minutes of reperfusion (groups 2 and 4). We examined oxidative injury to and histopathology of the liver. Results. Oxidative stress was more prominent with TVE application. Significant alterations were shown in hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione S-transferase levels. The levels of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase were not altered significantly. Conclusion. Inflow-outflow occlusion of the liver causes more oxidative stress compared with inflow occlusion

Evaluation of liver damage after application of TVE in the rat model

Introduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of total vascular exclusion (TVE) on the liver during the early period of reperfusion. Materials and methods. Forty Wistar-Albino rats were divided into four groups. Portal pedicle clamping (groups 1 and 2) or TVE (groups 3 and 4) were applied for 10 minutes. Samples were collected at the time of clamp release (groups 1 and 3) and at 30 minutes of reperfusion (groups 2 and 4). We examined oxidative injury to and histopathology of the liver. Results. Oxidative stress was more prominent with TVE application. Significant alterations were shown in hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione S-transferase levels. The levels of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase were not altered significantly. Conclusion. Inflow-outflow occlusion of the liver causes more oxidative stress compared with inflow occlusion

Evaluation of liver damage after application of TVE in the rat model

Introduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of total vascular exclusion (TVE) on the liver during the early period of reperfusion