5,093 research outputs found
Oscillatory subglacial drainage in the absence of surface melt
The presence of strong diurnal cycling in basal water pressure records
obtained during the melt season is well established for many glaciers. The
behaviour of the drainage system outside the melt season is less well
understood. Here we present borehole observations from a surge-type valley
glacier in the St Elias Mountains, Yukon Territory, Canada. Our data indicate
the onset of strongly correlated multi-day oscillations in water pressure in
multiple boreholes straddling a main drainage axis, starting several weeks
after the disappearance of a dominant diurnal mode in August 2011 and
persisting until at least January 2012, when multiple data loggers suffered
power failure. Jökulhlaups provide a template for understanding spontaneous
water pressure oscillations not driven by external supply variability. Using
a subglacial drainage model, we show that water pressure oscillations can
also be driven on a much smaller scale by the interaction between conduit
growth and distributed water storage in smaller water pockets, basal
crevasses and moulins, and that oscillations can be triggered when water
supply drops below a critical value. We suggest this in combination with a
steady background supply of water from ground water or englacial drainage as a
possible explanation for the observed wintertime pressure oscillations
Pairing and alpha-like quartet condensation in N=Z nuclei
We discuss the treatment of isovector pairing by an alpha-like quartet
condensate which conserves exactly the particle number, the spin and the
isospin. The results show that the quartet condensate describes accurately the
isovector pairing correlations in the ground state of systems with an equal
number of protons and neutronsComment: 4 pages, to appear in Journal of Physics: Conference Serie
General pairing interactions and pair truncation approximations for fermions in a single-j shell
We investigate Hamiltonians with attractive interactions between pairs of
fermions coupled to angular momentum J. We show that pairs with spin J are
reasonable building blocks for the low-lying states. For systems with only a J
= Jmax pairing interaction, eigenvalues are found to be approximately integers
for a large array of states, in particular for those with total angular momenta
I le 2j. For I=0 eigenstates of four fermions in a single-j shell we show that
there is only one non-zero eigenvalue. We address these observations using the
nucleon pair approximation of the shell model and relate our results with a
number of currently interesting problems.Comment: a latex text file and 2 figures, to be publishe
Refreshing critical pedagogy and citizenship education through the lens of justice and complexity pedagogy
© The Author(s) 2018. Maximal citizenship educators are committed to advancing an approach to citizenship learning with the following staple features: learner-centred; experiential; problem- and action-oriented; racialised, classed and gendered analysis of power; and strengthening the public sphere and democracy. This type of approach to education shares many similarities with the principles of critical pedagogy. However, there have been valid arguments that Frankfurt School Critical Theory inspired pedagogy still tends to focus on class, at the expense of gender and race, analyses. This article seeks ways to refresh and extend the language and theoretical frameworks used by critical pedagogues. To do so, it will deploy the terms justice pedagogy and complexity pedagogy. The adjective âjusticeâ does the same work as âcriticalâ in signalling the commitment to using education as a means to bring about a more socially just world. The recent rise in scholarship in complexity thinking lends itself to conceptualising critical pedagogy in necessarily fresh ways. This article draws attention to the kindred nature of guiding concepts in complexity thinking and critical pedagogy, including grassroots organising, distributed decision-making and emergent learning, before presenting a description of how such approaches might refresh critical pedagogy through a critical citizenship education programme using justice pedagogy. This example illustrates the way that justice pedagogy can inform decisions about appropriate teaching and learning strategies for children and young people today growing up in an increasingly globalised world
Cooling of Hybrid Neutron Stars and Hypothetical Self-bound Objects with Superconducting Quark Cores
We study the consequences of superconducting quark cores (with
color-flavor-locked phase as representative example) for evolution of
temperature profiles and the cooling curves in quark-hadron hybrid stars and in
hypothetical self-bounded objects having no a hadron shell (quark core neutron
stars). The quark gaps are varied from 0 to MeV. For hybrid
stars we find time scales of , and years for the
formation of a quasistationary temperature distribution in the cases , 0.1 MeV and \gsim 1 MeV, respectively. These time scales are governed by
the heat transport within quark cores for large diquark gaps (\Delta \gsim 1
MeV) and within the hadron shell for small diquark gaps (\Delta \lsim 0.1
MeV). For quark core neutron stars we find a time scale years for
the formation of a quasistationary temperature distribution in the case \Delta
\gsim 10 MeV and a very short one for \Delta \lsim 1 MeV. If hot young
compact objects will be observed they can be interpreted as manifestation of
large gap color superconductivity. Depending on the size of the pairing gaps,
the compact star takes different paths in the vs. diagram
where is the surface temperature. Compared to the corresponding hadronic
model which well fits existing data the model for the hybrid neutron star (with
a large diquark gap) shows too fast cooling. The same conclusion can be drawn
for the corresponding self-bound objects.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, uses aa-package (included), accepted for A&
Abnormal plasma DNA profiles in early ovarian cancer using a non-invasive prenatal testing platform: Implications for cancer screening
Background: Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) identifies fetal aneuploidy by sequencing cell-free DNA in the maternal plasma. Pre-symptomatic maternal malignancies have been incidentally detected during NIPT based on abnormal genomic profiles. This low coverage sequencing approach could have potential for ovarian cancer screening in the non-pregnant population. Our objective was to investigate whether plasma DNA sequencing with a clinical whole genome NIPT platform can detect early- and late-stage high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC).
Methods: This is a case control study of prospectively-collected biobank samples comprising preoperative plasma from 32 women with HGSOC (16 âearly cancerâ (FIGO IâII) and 16 âadvanced cancerâ (FIGO IIIâIV)) and 32 benign controls. Plasma DNA from cases and controls were sequenced using a commercial NIPT platform and chromosome dosage measured. Sequencing data were blindly analyzed with two methods: (1) Subchromosomal changes were called using an open source algorithm WISECONDOR (WIthin-SamplE COpy Number aberration DetectOR). Genomic gains or losses â„ 15 Mb were prespecified as âscreen positiveâ calls, and mapped to recurrent copy number variations reported in an ovarian cancer genome atlas. (2) Selected whole chromosome gains or losses were reported using the routine NIPT pipeline for fetal aneuploidy.
Results: We detected 13/32 cancer cases using the subchromosomal analysis (sensitivity 40.6 %, 95 % CI, 23.7â59.4 %), including 6/16 early and 7/16 advanced HGSOC cases. Two of 32 benign controls had subchromosomal gains â„ 15 Mb (specificity 93.8 %, 95 % CI, 79.2â99.2 %). Twelve of the 13 true positive cancer cases exhibited specific recurrent changes reported in HGSOC tumors. The NIPT pipeline resulted in one âmonosomy 18â call from the cancer group, and two âmonosomy Xâ calls in the controls.
Conclusions: Low coverage plasma DNA sequencing used for prenatal testing detected 40.6 % of all HGSOC, including 38 % of early stage cases. Our findings demonstrate the potential of a high throughput sequencing platform to screen for early HGSOC in plasma based on characteristic multiple segmental chromosome gains and losses. The performance of this approach may be further improved by refining bioinformatics algorithms and targeting selected cancer copy number variations.
Abbreviations: CNV, copy number variation; HGSOC, high grade serous ovarian carcinoma; NIPT, non-invasive prenatal testing; WISECONDOR, within sample copy number aberration detecto
Classification of states of single- fermions with -pairing interaction
In this paper we show that a system of three fermions is exactly solvable for
the case of a single- in the presence of an angular momentum- pairing
interaction. On the basis of the solutions for this system, we obtain new sum
rules for six- symbols. It is also found that the "non-integer" eigenvalues
of three fermions with angular momentum around the maximum appear as
"non-integer" eigenvalues of four fermions when is around (or larger than)
and the Hamiltonian contains only an interaction between pairs of
fermions coupled to spin . This pattern is also found in
five and six fermion systems. A boson system with spin exhibits a similar
pattern.Comment: to be published in Physical Review
Fiber-Cavity-Based Optomechanical Device
We describe an optomechanical device consisting of a fiber-based optical
cavity containing a silicon nitiride membrane. In comparison with typical
free-space cavities, the fiber-cavity's small mode size (10 {\mu}m waist, 80
{\mu}m length) allows the use of smaller, lighter membranes and increases the
cavity-membrane linear coupling to 3 GHz/nm and quadratic coupling to 20
GHz/nm^2. This device is also intrinsically fiber-coupled and uses glass
ferrules for passive alignment. These improvements will greatly simplify the
use of optomechanical systems, particularly in cryogenic settings. At room
temperature, we expect these devices to be able to detect the shot noise of
radiation pressure.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures; the following article has been submitted to
Applied Physics Letter
Synchronous Disease Kinetics in a Murine Model for Enterohemorrhagic E. coli Infection Using Food-Borne Inoculation
Upon colonization of the intestinal epithelium, the attaching and effacing (AE) pathogen Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) effaces microvilli and forms pedestal-like structures beneath the adherent bacterium. The production of one of its virulence factors, the phage-encoded Shiga toxin (Stx) results in systemic disease, including the development of renal failure. Although EHEC does not productively infect conventional mice, EHEC infection can be modeled in mice utilizing a derivative of the natural murine AE pathogen Citrobacter rodentium(CR). Gavage of mice with CR(ΊStx2dact), a C. rodentium lysogenized by a phage encoding an Stx variant with high potency in mice, features AE lesion formation on intestinal epithelium and Stx-mediated systemic disease, including renal damage. This model is somewhat limited by mouse-to-mouse variation in the course of disease, with the time to severe morbidity (and required euthanasia) varying by as many as 5 days, a feature that limits pathological analysis at defined stages of disease. In the current study, we altered and optimized the preparation, dose, and mode of delivery of CR(ΊStx2dact), using food-borne route of infection to generate highly synchronous disease model. We found that food-borne inoculation of as few as 3 x 104 CR(ΊStx2dact) resulted in productive colonization and severe systemic disease. Upon inoculation of 1 x 108 bacteria, the majority of infected animals suffered weight loss beginning 5 days post-infection and all required euthanasia on day 6 or 7. This enhanced murine model for EHEC infection should facilitate characterization of the pathology associated with specific phases of Stx-mediated disease
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