47 research outputs found
Exercise and functional foods
Appropriate nutrition is an essential prerequisite for effective improvement of athletic performance, conditioning, recovery from fatigue after exercise, and avoidance of injury. Nutritional supplements containing carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals have been widely used in various sporting fields to provide a boost to the recommended daily allowance. In addition, several natural food components have been found to show physiological effects, and some of them are considered to be useful for promoting exercise performance or for prevention of injury. However, these foods should only be used when there is clear scientific evidence and with understanding of the physiological changes caused by exercise. This article describes various "functional foods" that have been reported to be effective for improving exercise performance or health promotion, along with the relevant physiological changes that occur during exercise
Observation of Two New Excited Îb0 States Decaying to Îb0 K-Ï+
Two narrow resonant states are observed in the Îb0K-Ï+ mass spectrum using a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb-1. The minimal quark content of the Îb0K-Ï+ system indicates that these are excited Îb0 baryons. The masses of the Îb(6327)0 and Îb(6333)0 states are m[Îb(6327)0]=6327.28-0.21+0.23±0.12±0.24 and m[Îb(6333)0]=6332.69-0.18+0.17±0.03±0.22 MeV, respectively, with a mass splitting of Îm=5.41-0.27+0.26±0.12 MeV, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the Îb0 mass measurement. The measured natural widths of these states are consistent with zero, with upper limits of Î[Îb(6327)0]<2.20(2.56) and Î[Îb(6333)0]<1.60(1.92) MeV at a 90% (95%) credibility level. The significance of the two-peak hypothesis is larger than nine (five) Gaussian standard deviations compared to the no-peak (one-peak) hypothesis. The masses, widths, and resonant structure of the new states are in good agreement with the expectations for a doublet of 1D Îb0 resonances
Measurement of antiproton production from antihyperon decays in p He collisions at âsNN = 110 GeV
The interpretation of cosmic antiproton flux measurements from space-borne experiments is currently limited by the knowledge of the antiproton production cross-section in collisions between primary cosmic rays and the interstellar medium. Using collisions of protons with an energy of 6.5TeV incident on helium nuclei at rest in the proximity of the interaction region of the LHCb experiment, the ratio of antiprotons originating from antihyperon decays to prompt production is measured for antiproton momenta between 12 and 110GeV. The dominant antihyperon contribution, namely ÎÂŻâpÂŻÏ+ decays from promptly produced ÎÂŻ particles, is also exclusively measured. The results complement the measurement of prompt antiproton production obtained from the same data sample. At the energy scale of this measurement, the antihyperon contributions to antiproton production are observed to be significantly larger than predictions of commonly used hadronic production models
Direct CP violation in charmless three-body decays of B± mesons
Measurements of
C
P
asymmetries in charmless three-body decays of
B
±
mesons are reported using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of
5.9
â
â
fb
â
1
. The previously observed
C
P
asymmetry in
B
±
â
Ï
±
K
+
K
â
decays is confirmed, and
C
P
asymmetries are observed with a significance of more than five standard deviations in the
B
±
â
Ï
±
Ï
+
Ï
â
and
B
±
â
K
±
K
+
K
â
decays, while the
C
P
asymmetry of
B
±
â
K
±
Ï
+
Ï
â
decays is confirmed to be compatible with zero. The distributions of these asymmetries are also studied as a function of the three-body phase space and suggest contributions from rescattering and resonance interference processes. An indication of the presence of the decays
B
±
â
Ï
±
Ï
c
0
(
1
P
)
in both
B
±
â
Ï
±
Ï
+
Ï
â
and
B
±
â
Ï
±
K
+
K
â
decays is observed, as is
C
P
violation involving these amplitudes
Measurement of J/Ï -pair production in pp collisions at âs = 13 TeV and study of gluon transverse-momentum dependent PDFs
The production cross-section of J/Ï pairs in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of âs = 13 TeV is measured using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.2 fbâ1 collected by the LHCb experiment. The measurement is performed with both J/Ï mesons in the transverse momentum range 0 < pT< 14 GeV/c and rapidity range 2.0 < y < 4.5. The cross-section of this process is measured to be 16.36 ± 0.28 (stat) ± 0.88 (syst) nb. The contributions from single-parton scattering and double-parton scattering are separated based on the dependence of the cross-section on the absolute rapidity difference ây between the two J/Ï mesons. The effective cross-section of double-parton scattering is measured to be Ïeff = 13.1 ± 1.8 (stat) ± 2.3 (syst) mb. The distribution of the azimuthal angle ÏCS of one of the J/Ï mesons in the Collins-Soper frame and the pT-spectrum of the J/Ï pairs are also measured for the study of the gluon transverse-momentum dependent distributions inside protons. The extracted values of âšcos 2ÏCSâ© and âšcos 4ÏCSâ© are consistent with zero, but the presence of azimuthal asymmetry at a few percent level is allowed
First toothless platanistoid from the early Miocene of Patagonia: the golden age of diversification of the Odontoceti
Lower Miocene outcrops from Patagonia (Gaiman Formation, Burdigalian) may reveal more clues for the yet unknown aspects for this period in the evolution of odontocetes. Here, we present the first toothless platanistoid dolphin from the lower Miocene of Patagonia, Dolgopolis kinchikafiforo, gen. et sp. nov. The specimen includes an incomplete skull, with no mandibles or earbones, but sufficiently different from other named odontocetes to propose a new genus and species. Phylogenetic analyses indicated it is a platanistoid of uncertain position within the group, and that it shares some homoplastic characters with physeteroids and ziphioids. Given the absence of defined alveoli and teeth and an inferred moderately short and wide rostrum, we interpreted this new species as most likely a capture suction feeder. Based on our phylogenetic hypothesis, the optimization of feeding strategies recovered raptorial feeding as the plesiomorphic method, and convergent evolution of capture suction feeders in at least four lineages. Platanistoids recorded all feeding strategies during the late Oligocene-early Miocene, although raptorial is the predominant method. This suggests a partitioning of the ecological niches in the early phases of platanistoid evolution, as well as a high diversification of feeding methods previously underestimated for this period. Thus, ecological adaptations have a strong evolutionary pressure in odontocetes communities and should be further exploredFil: Viglino, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Centro Nacional PatagĂłnico. Instituto PatagĂłnico de GeologĂa y PaleontologĂa; ArgentinaFil: GaetĂĄn, Carlos Maximiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Centro Nacional PatagĂłnico. Instituto PatagĂłnico de GeologĂa y PaleontologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Cuitiño, JosĂ© Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Centro Nacional PatagĂłnico. Instituto PatagĂłnico de GeologĂa y PaleontologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Buono, MĂłnica Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Centro Nacional PatagĂłnico. Instituto PatagĂłnico de GeologĂa y PaleontologĂa; Argentin