Treatment of winery wastewater by combined almond skin coagulant and sulfate radicals: assessment of HSO5− activators

The large production of wine and almonds leads to the generation of sub-products, such as winery wastewater (WW) and almond skin. WW is characterized by its high content of recalcitrant organic matter (biodegradability index < 0.30). Therefore, the aim of this work was to (1) apply the coagulation–flocculation–decantation (CFD) process with an organic coagulant based on almond skin extract (ASE), (2) treat the organic recalcitrant matter through sulfate radical advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) and (3) evaluate the efficiency of combined CFD with UV-A, UV-C and ultrasound (US) reactors. The CFD process was applied with variation in the ASE concentration vs. pH, with results showing a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 61.2% (0.5 g/L ASE, pH = 3.0). After CFD, the germination index (GI) of cucumber and corn seeds was ≥80%; thus, the sludge can be recycled as fertilizer. The SR-AOP initial conditions were achieved by the application of a Box–Behnken response surface methodology, which described the relationship between three independent variables (peroxymonosulfate (PMS) concentration, cobalt (Co2+) concentration and UV-A radiation intensity). Afterwards, the SR-AOPs were optimized by varying the pH, temperature, catalyst type and reagent addition manner. With the application of CFD as a pre-treatment followed by SR-AOP under optimal conditions (pH = 6.0, [PMS] = 5.88 mM, [Co2+] = 5 mM, T = 343 K, reaction time 240 min), the COD removal increased to 85.9, 82.6 and 80.2%, respectively, for UV-A, UV-C and US reactors. All treated wastewater met the Portuguese legislation for discharge in a municipal sewage network (COD ≤ 1000 mg O2/L). As a final remark, the combination of CFD with SR-AOPs is a sustainable, safe and clean strategy for WW treatment and subproduct valorization.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. UIDB/00616/2020Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. UI/BD/150847/2020CCRN - Comissão de Coordenação da Região Norte | Ref. NORTE-01- 0145-FEDER-00004

Statement of Second Brazilian Congress of Mechanical Ventilarion : part I

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The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

A não-ordenação feminina: delimitando as assimetrias de gênero na Igreja Católica a partir de rapazes e moças vocacionados/as The denial of female ordination: gender asymmetries in the Catholic Church from the point of view of prospective nuns and priests

A não-ordenação feminina no catolicismo é abordada neste texto a partir da ótica de jovens seminaristas e moças que desejam ingressar em conventos. Trata-se de um estudo sociológico e qualitativo que analisa comparativamente as percepções de rapazes e moças sobre as relações de gênero na Igreja Católica. Suas narrativas demonstram claramente a existência de desigualdades de gênero no nível hierárquico e revelam que as moças tendem a ser mais críticas e questionadoras e os rapazes tendem a manter o status quo.<br>The denial of female ordination is approached in this paper from the perspective of young men and women that desire to enter convents. This is a sociological and qualitative study that comparativily analyses the perceptions of young men and women of gender relations in the Catholic Church. Their testimonies clearly show the existence of gender inequality in the church"s hierarchy and reveal that the young women have a tendency to be more critical and inquisitive, while the young men tend to maintain the status quo

Synthesis of mimetics of peptaibolin, an antimicrobial peptide, by incorporation of unnatural amino acids

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

α,α-Dialkylglycines obtained by solid phase Ugi reaction performed over isocyanide functionalized resins

The multicomponent Ugi reaction is a straightforward method that can be used for the synthesis of highly hindered C-tetrasubstituted amino acids by reacting an amine, a ketone, an acid and an isocyanide. In the present work, the synthesis of several α,α dialkylglycines (α,α-diethylglycine, Deg; α,α-dipropylglycine, Dpg; 1-amino-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, Ac6c) was achieved by solid phase Ugi reaction using resins functionalized with the isocyanide group. Since no resins with these features were available commercially, the functionalization of an aminomethylated resin started by the use of glycine (Gly), β-alanine (β-Ala) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as spacers. After spacer N-formylation, followed by dehydration, isocyanide functionalised resins were obtained. The resins were then used in solid phase Ugi reaction, using phenylacetic acid as the acid component, p-methoxybenzylamine as the amine component and different ketones, to afford the desired N-acylated α,α dialkylglycines in good yields (60-80%), after acidolytic cleavage from the resin, thus proving the feasibility of this approach.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT