Соціокультурні аспекти розвитку системи дитячо-юнацького туризму (на прикладі Харківської обласної станції юних туристів)

Метою статті є аналіз соціокультурних аспектів сучасного розвитку системи дитячо-юнацького туризму, висвітлення досвіду роботи Харківської обласної станції юних туристів в зазначеному напрямку. Аналіз досліджень і публікацій. Дослідженню питань розвитку системи дитячо-юнацького туризм

The modelling cycle for collective animal behaviour

Collective animal behaviour is the study of how interactions between individuals produce group level patterns, and why these interactions have evolved. This study has proved itself uniquely interdisciplinary, involving physicists, mathematicians, engineers as well as biologists. Almost all experimental work in this area is related directly or indirectly to mathematical models, with regular movement back and forth between models, experimental data and statistical fitting. In this paper, we describe how the modelling cycle works in the study of collective animal behaviour. We classify studies as addressing questions at different levels or linking different levels, i.e. as local, local to global, global to local or global. We also describe three distinct approaches—theory-driven, data-driven and model selection—to these questions. We show, with reference to our own research on species across different taxa, how we move between these different levels of description and how these various approaches can be applied to link levels together

HMD-TMO: A Tone Mapping Operator for 360° HDR Images Visualization for Head Mounted Displays

International audienceWe propose a Tone Mapping Operator, denoted HMD-TMO, dedicated to the visualization of 360 • High Dynamic Range images on Head Mounted Displays. The few existing studies about this topic have shown that the existing Tone Mapping Operators for classic 2D images are not adapted to 360 • High Dynamic Range images. Consequently, several dedicated operators have been proposed. Instead of operating on the entire 360 • image, they only consider the part of the image currently viewed by the user. Tone mapping a part of the 360 • image is less challenging as it does not preserve the global luminance dynamic of the scene. To cope with this problem, we propose a novel tone mapping operator which takes advantage of both a view-dependant tone mapping that enhances the contrast, and a Tone Mapping Operator applied to the entire 360 • image that preserves global coherency. Furthermore, we present a subjective study to model lightness perception in a Head Mounted Display

High temporal resolution parametric MRI monitoring of the initial ischemia/reperfusion phase in experimental acute kidney injury

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, a consequence of kidney hypoperfusion or temporary interruption of blood flow is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). There is an unmet need to better understand the mechanisms operative during the initial phase of ischemic AKI. Non-invasive parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may elucidate spatio-temporal pathophysiological changes in the kidney by monitoring the MR relaxation parameters T* and T, which are known to be sensitive to blood oxygenation. The aim of our study was to establish the technical feasibility of fast continuous T*/T mapping throughout renal I/R. MRI was combined with a remotely controlled I/R model and a segmentation model based semi-automated quantitative analysis. This technique enabled the detailed assessment of changes in all kidney regions during ischemia and early reperfusion. Significant changes in T* and T were observed shortly after induction of renal ischemia and during the initial reperfusion phase. Our study demonstrated for the first time that continuous and high temporal resolution parametric MRI is feasible for monitoring and characterization of I/R induced AKI in rats. This technique may help in the identification of the timeline of key events responsible for development of renal damage in hypoperfusion-induced AKI

Probing Inhomogeneous Cuprate Superconductivity by Terahertz Josephson Echo Spectroscopy

Inhomogeneities play a crucial role in determining the properties of quantum materials. Yet methods that can measure these inhomogeneities are few, and apply to only a fraction of the relevant microscopic phenomena. For example, the electronic properties of cuprate materials are known to be inhomogeneous over nanometer length scales, although questions remain about how such disorder influences supercurrents and their dynamics. Here, two-dimensional terahertz spectroscopy is used to study interlayer superconducting tunneling in near-optimally-doped La1.83Sr0.17CuO4. We isolate a 2 THz Josephson echo signal with which we disentangle intrinsic lifetime broadening from extrinsic inhomogeneous broadening. We find that the Josephson plasmons are only weakly inhomogeneously broadened, with an inhomogeneous linewidth that is three times smaller than their intrinsic lifetime broadening. This extrinsic broadening remains constant up to 0.7Tc, above which it is overcome by the thermally-increased lifetime broadening. Crucially, the effects of disorder on the Josephson plasma resonance are nearly two orders of magnitude smaller than the in-plane variations in the superconducting gap in this compound, which have been previously documented using Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM) measurements. Hence, even in the presence of significant disorder in the superfluid density, the finite frequency interlayer charge fluctuations exhibit dramatically reduced inhomogeneous broadening. We present a model that relates disorder in the superfluid density to the observed lifetimes

Restricting quark matter models by gravitational wave observation

We consider the possibilities for obtaining information about the equation of state for quark matter by using future direct observational data on gravitational waves. We study the nonradial oscillations of both fluid and spacetime modes of pure quark stars. If we observe the $f$ and the lowest $w_{\rm II}$ modes from quark stars, by using the simultaneously obtained radiation radius we can constrain the bag constant $B$ with reasonable accuracy, independently of the $s$ quark mass.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev.

Strangeness in Neutron Stars

It is generally agreed on that the tremendous densities reached in the centers of neutron stars provide a high-pressure environment in which numerous novel particles processes are likely to compete with each other. These processes range from the generation of hyperons to quark deconfinement to the formation of kaon condensates and H-matter. There are theoretical suggestions of even more exotic processes inside neutron stars, such as the formation of absolutely stable strange quark matter, a configuration of matter even more stable than the most stable atomic nucleus, iron. In the latter event, neutron stars would be largely composed of pure quark matter, eventually enveloped in a thin nuclear crust. No matter which physical processes are actually realized inside neutron stars, each one leads to fingerprints, some more pronounced than others though, in the observable stellar quantities. This feature combined with the unprecedented progress in observational astronomy, which allows us to see vistas with remarkable clarity that previously were only imagined, renders neutron stars to nearly ideal probes for a wide range of physical studies, including the role of strangeness in dense matter.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, Presented at the 5th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter (Strangeness 2000), Berkeley, California, USA, July 20-25, 200

Evidence for muon neutrino oscillation in an accelerator-based experiment

We present results for νμ oscillation in the KEK to Kamioka (K2K) long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. K2K uses an accelerator-produced νμ beam with a mean energy of 1.3 GeV directed at the Super-Kamiokande detector. We observed the energy-dependent disappearance of vmu;, which we presume have oscillated to ντ. The probability that we would observe these results if there is no neutrino oscillation is 0.0050% (4.0σ). © 2005 The American Physical Society