A nonparametric approach for model individualization in an artificial pancreas

The identification of patient-tailored linear time invariant glucose-insulin models is investigated for type 1 diabetic patients, that are characterized by a substantial inter-subject variability. The individualized linear models are identified by considering a novel kernel-based nonparametric approach and are compared with a linear time invariant average model in terms of prediction performance by means of the coefficient of determination, fit, positive and negative max errors, and root mean squared error. Model identification and validation are based on in-silico data collected from the adult virtual population of the UVA/Padova simulator. The data generation involves a protocol designed to produce a sufficient input excitation without compromising patient safety, compatible also with real life scenarios. The identified models are exploited to synthesize an individualized Model Predictive Controller (MPC) for each patient, which is used in an Artificial Pancreas to maintain the blood glucose concentration within an euglycemic range. The MPC used in several clinical studies, synthesized on the basis of a non-individualized average linear time invariant model, is also considered as reference. The closed-loop control performance is evaluated in an in-silico study on the adult virtual population of the UVA/Padova simulator in a perturbed scenario, in which the MPC is blind to random variations of insulin sensitivity in each virtual patient. © 2015, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Developing biodiversity assessment on a stand forest type management level in north-eastern Italy

This paper discusses a simple operative proposal, elaborated by a team of advisers to the Forestry Service of the Veneto administrative region (north-eastern Italy), concerning the definition of stand-level forest type biodiversity indicators and biodiversity oriented management provisions. Such tools are conceived to transfer biodiversity conservation understanding in current forest stand management practices. The developed assessment system is targeted to: maintenance and increase of the variability of forest landscape mosaic; conservation of species variability; creation of resource reservoirs. The following criteria and indicators are taken into consideration: spatial pattern (widespreadness, connectedness, species contagion potential), forest structure (uneven aged stands: percent of trees in three broad diameter classes; even aged stands: number of development stages and surface of each development stage), herbs/shrubs species (average, minimum and maximum number of species; average number of short-lived herb/ shrub species recorded in minimal anthropic disturbance conditions; dynamic trend in the number of herb/shrub species), bird species (average, minimum and maximum number of species); overall naturalistic quality (flora; vegetation; fauna). Such indicators are proposed as biodiversity reference standards for each forest type in the considered region: they provide practical baseline information with which forest stand management efficiency in achieving biodiversity targets can be compared

Patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies are not more asymmetrical than healthy controls on timed performance of upper limb tasks

This study aimed to investigate possible asymmetries and relationships between performance of dominant and non-dominant upper limbs (UL) in patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD/BMD), to compare UL performance of patients and healthy subjects and to investigate the relationship between timed performance of UL and age, motor function and muscle strength in DMD/BMD patients. Sixteen patients with DMD and 3 with BMD were evaluated with Jebsen-Taylor Test (timed performance), Vignos scale and Dimension 3 of Motor Function Measure (motor function), and Medical Research Council scale (muscle strength) on a single session. ANOVA showed no asymmetry between dominant and non-dominant UL, except in the writing subtest, in patients and in healthy controls. There were relationships between dominant and non-dominant UL performances. Correlations between timed performance, motor function and muscle strength were found, but age was not correlated with these variables. These findings may reduce the assessment time, prevent fatigue and provide more accurate clinical reasoning involving UL in DMD/BMD treatment.Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Fonoaudiol Fisioterapia & Terapia Ocupac, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Movimento Humano, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Neurol Clin, Dept Neurol Neurocirurgia, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Movimento Humano, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Neurol Clin, Dept Neurol Neurocirurgia, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Decoration of nanovesicles with pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP) for targeted delivery

Acidity at surface of cancer cells is a hallmark of tumor microenvironments, which does not depend on tumor perfusion, thus it may serve as a general biomarker for targeting tumor cells. We used the pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP) for decoration of liposomes and niosomes. pHLIP senses pH at the surface of cancer cells and inserts into the membrane of targeted cells, and brings nanomaterial to close proximity of cellular membrane. DMPC liposomes and Tween 20 or Span 20 niosomes with and without pHLIP in their coating were fully characterized in order to obtain fundamental understanding on nanocarrier features and facilitate the rational design of acidity sensitive nanovectors. The samples stability over time and in presence of serum was demonstrated. The size, ζ-potential, and morphology of nanovectors, as well as their ability to entrap a hydrophilic probe and modulate its release were investigated. pHLIP decorated vesicles could be useful to obtain a prolonged (modified) release of biological active substances for targeting tumors and other acidic diseased tissues

Adherence in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients assessed with a validated Italian version of the 5-item compliance questionnaire for rheumatology

OBJECTIVES: The 5-item Compliance Questionnaire for Rheumatology (CQR5) proved reliability and validity in respect of identification of patients likely to be high adherers (HAs) to anti-rheumatic treatment, or low adherers (LAs), i.e. taking<80% of their medications correctly. The objective of the study was to validate an Italian version of CQR5 (I-CQR5) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to investigate factors associated with high adherence. METHODS: RA patients, undergoing treatment with ≥1 self-administered conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (csDMARD) or biological DMARD (bDMARD), were enrolled. The cross-cultural adaptation and validation of I-CQR5 followed standardised guidelines. I-CQR5 was completed by patients on one occasion. Data were subjected to factor analysis and Partial Credit model Parametrisation (PCM) to assess construct validity of I-CQR5. Analysis of factors associated with high adherence included demographic, social, clinical and treatment information. Factors achieving a p<0.10 in univariate analysis were included in multivariable analysis. RESULTS: Among 604 RA patients, 274 patients were included in the validation and 328 in the analysis of factors associated with adherence. Factor analysis and PCM confirmed the construct validity and consistency of I-CQR5. HAs were found to be 109 (35.2%) of the patients. bDMARD treatment and employment were found to be independently associated with high adherence: OR 2.88 (1.36-6.1), p=0.006 and OR 2.36 (1.21-4.62), p=0.012, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Only one-third of RA patients were HAs according to I-CQR5. bDMARDs and employment status increased by almost 3-fold the likelihood of being highly adherent to the anti-rheumatic treatment.Peer reviewe

Crescimento e acúmulo de nutrientes por plantas espontâneas e por leguminosas utilizadas para adubação verde.

As especies vegetais espontaneas, nas areas de cultivo agricola, tem sido tratadas como "plantas daninhas". "ervas invasoras", "incos" e outras denominacoes, do ponto de vista dos prejuizos que podem acarretar as especies cultivadas. No entanto, as espontaneas podem promover os mesmos efeitos de protecao do solo e ciclagem de nutrientes que especies cultivadas ou introduzidas para adubacao verde. O crescimento e o acumulo de nutrientes pela parte aerea de espontaneas e de leguminosas utilizadas como adubos verdes foram medidos em um experimento de campo em Sete Lagoas (MG), na Embrapa Milho e Sorgo. O experimento consistiu de cinco especies de leguminosas (feijao-de-porco, feijao bravo do Ceara, mucuna-preta, lab-lab e guandu), submetidos a duas condicoes de manejo (com e sem capina), e uma testemunha (somente espontaneas). No florescimento das leguminosas, foram obtidos a massa da materia seca e o teor de nutrientes da parte aerea de cada especie de leguminosa e das espontaneas presentes nas parcelas. O sistema com apenas as espontaneas produziu menos biomassa e acumulou menos nutrientes que os sistemas com leguminosas. Foram poucas as espontaneas que apresentaram teores de carbono, calcio e nitrogenio proximos ou superiores aos das leguminosas. No entanto, para potassio, magnesio e fosforo, ocorreu o inverso. A maioria das espontaneas apresentou teores de potassio, magnesio e de fosforo superiores aos das leguminosas, destacando-se: Portulaca oleracea, Euphorbia heterophylla, Bidens pilosa, Commelina benghalensis e Melanpodium perfoliatum

Efeito de diferentes temperaturas na sobrevivência e no crescimento de mudas de guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess.).

São muitas as necessidades e as justificativas para o reflorestamento utilizando essências florestais nativas, especialmente com árvores de uso múltiplo em monocultivo ou em sistemas agroflorestais, visando, entre outros, à produção de madeiras nobres. O guanandi, uma espécie nativa, que fornece madeira de boa qualidade e ótimo valor econômico, tem sido muito utilizado neste sentido e, por muitas vezes, cultivado em condições climáticas desfavoráveis e/ou prejudiciais ao desenvolvimento da espécie. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar as conseqüências de diferentes temperaturas na sobrevivência e no crescimento de mudas de guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess.). O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal da Embrapa Gado de Corte, em Campo Grande, MS, de março até maio de 2009. Utilizaram-se mudas de guanandi, com seis meses de idade, que foram transplantadas para recipientes plásticos de 500 mL, contendo substrato comercial e solução nutritiva completa. Após aclimatação em temperatura constante de 27ºC, as mudas foram submetidas a três regimes de temperatura: 27/17ºC, 17/10ºC e 10/6ºC, durante 50 dias, em câmara climática do tipo B.O.D., com fotoperíodo de 12 horas. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições, sendo que cada repetição foi constituída de cinco plantas. Avaliou-se a sobrevivência das plantas (%), a altura (cm) e o diâmetro do colo (mm), as taxas de fotossíntese (&#956;mol/m²/s) e a condutância estomática (&#956;mol/m²/s). Os melhores resultados, para todas as variáveis mensuradas, foram obtidos para as plantas submetidas à temperatura entre 27/17ºC. Para as plantas submetidas às temperaturas 27/17ºC e 17/10ºC obteve-se 100% de sobrevivência. Pode-se concluir que a temperatura afeta a sobrevivência e o crescimento do guanandi, porque a espécie se mostrou intolerante ao regime de temperatura 10/6ºC, de modo que ao final do experimento houve morte das plantas

Effects of Cognitive Remediation on Cognition, Metacognition, and Social Cognition in Patients With Schizophrenia

We aimed to evaluate in a sample of outpatients with schizophrenia (SCZ) the effectiveness of a cognitive remediation (CR) program (through the use of the Cogpack software) [computer-assisted CR (CACR)] in addition to standard therapy on cognitive outcomes as compared with that in a control active group (CAG) and to highlight a possible effect on social cognition (SC), metacognition, symptomatology, and real-world functioning. Of the 66 subjects enrolled, 33 were allocated to CACR and 33 to the CAG. Twenty-three patients in the CACR group and 25 subjects in the CAG completed at least 80% of the 48 prescribed CACR sessions, performed twice a week, for a total of 24 weeks of treatment. A significant time × group interaction was evident, suggesting that patients undergoing CACR intervention improved in specific metacognitive sub-functions (understanding others' mind and mastery), some cognitive domains (verbal learning processing speed, visual learning, reasoning, and problem solving) (h(2) = 0.126), depressive symptoms, SC, awareness of symptoms, and real-world functioning domains (community activities and interpersonal relationships) more significantly than did patients undergoing CAG. The most noticeable differential improvement between the two groups was detected in two metacognitive sub-functions (understanding others' mind and mastery), in verbal learning, in interpersonal relationship, and in depressive symptomatology, achieving large effect sizes. These are encouraging findings in support of the possible integration of CACR in rehabilitation practice in the Italian mental health services