Maximum Torque Per Ampere Control Strategy of a 5-phase PM Generator in healthy and faulty modes for tidal marine turbine application

The work presented in this paper aims to propose a control strategy being able to extract efficiently energy from a fixed-pitch marine current turbine associated with a 5–phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) in healthy mode and in faulty mode. The considered faults are opened phases. For each tidal current speed, the control strategy aims to extract the maximum power with respect of the maximum values of currents and voltages related to the converter. The maximum power is directly related to the Maximum Torque per Ampere (MTPA) control strategy characteristics (all the points which are below the MTPA torque VS rotating speed characteristic can be reached by the converter/generator set). This paper proposes a methodology to establish MTPA characteristics and calculate the corresponding current references in healthy mode and in faulty mode (one or two opened phases) for a 5-phase generator. The studied strategy includes flux weakening operations in the both modes.financement CIFRE Jeumont-Electric Altawes

Analyzing the Mobile-Banking Adoption Process among Low-Income Populations: A Sequential Logit Model

International audienceThe purpose of this study is to uncover the socioeconomic factors that explain the adoption of mobile banking (mbanking),based on data collected from households in the suburbs of Dakar (Senegal). Starting from the hypothesisthat adopting an innovation goes through three stages, at each stage we identify the factors that explain adoption. Inthe first stage, that of "knowledge", the individual must know about the product and its uses. In the second stage, thatof "possession", the person must test the product. If the product is accessible and its advantages are observable,he/she can finally adopt it in the last stage of the process. Therefore, the steps "knowledge" and "possession" arerequired passages in the adoption process. In this article, we use a sequential logit model to highlight the determinantsat each level of this process. The results show that age was the only determining factor in the first stage of adoption,that is, "knowledge" of m-banking. In the second phase, other factors appeared in addition; cognitive factors came intoplay, such as literacy, education level, as well as financial factors such as membership in a ROSCA (rotating credit andsavings scheme) that influenced the ‘possession' of m-banking. At the final stage of the adoption process, the variableseducation level, wages and owning a business were the factors involved in the adoption of m-banking

Deployment of the Institut Pasteur de Dakar team to Guinea in the Ebola virus Disease outbreak in West-Africa 2014-2016

First paragraph: The unit of Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses at the Institut Pasteur de Dakar (IPD), a WHO-approved collaborating Centre was the first laboratory deployed to Conakry in the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West-Africa. On 20 March 2014, the IPD laboratory received a letter from the WHO and the Guinean Ministry of Health, informing about a suspected haemorrhagic fever outbreak and difficulties to send collected samples to IPD. They therefore requested the deployment of experts to Guinea for technical support in order to diagnose the haemorrhagic fever of unknown origin. The outbreak was identified by the Institut Pasteur (France) on 21 March 2014 [1,2] in samples shipped to France by a Médecins sans Frontières investigation team

Performances comparison of different concentrated-winding configurations for 5-phase PMSG in normal and faulty modes in flux weakening operation for fixed pitch tidal turbines

This paper aims to evaluate some configurations of windings for low speed high power 5-phase permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) associated to fixed pitch tidal turbines. Several Fractional-Slot Concentrated- Windings has been considered and compared for these specifications. The proposed structures are compared in terms of torque VS speed characteristics, including flux weakening operation, in healthy and faulty modes. In fault mode, the failure of one and two phases is considered. The results show that concentrated windings can be particularly useful for these particular specifications

Full-genome characterization and genetic evolution of West African isolates of Bagaza virus

Bagaza virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, first isolated in 1966 in Central African Republic. It has currently been identified in mosquito pools collected in the field in West and Central Africa. Emergence in wild birds in Europe and serological evidence in encephalitis patients in India raise questions on its genetic evolution and the diversity of isolates circulating in Africa. To better understand genetic diversity and evolution of Bagaza virus, we describe the full-genome characterization of 11 West African isolates, sampled from 1988 to 2014. Parameters such as genetic distances, N-glycosylation patterns, recombination events, selective pressures, and its codon adaptation to human genes are assessed. Our study is noteworthy for the observation of N-glycosylation and recombination in Bagaza virus and provides insight into its Indian origin from the 13th century. Interestingly, evidence of Bagaza virus codon adaptation to human house-keeping genes is also observed to be higher than those of other flaviviruses well known in human infections. Genetic variations on genome of West African Bagaza virus could play an important role in generating diversity and may promote Bagaza virus adaptation to other vertebrates and become an important threat in human health

Cancer de la prostate au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Aristidie Le Dantec de Dakar : aspects épidemiologiques sur les cinq dernières années: Prostate cancer in Aristide Le Dantec hospital of Dakar: epidemiological aspects over the last five years

Context and objective. Prostate cancer represents a major public health issue, but data from sub-Saharan Africa are scarce. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological aspects of prostate cancer during the last five years in Aristide Le Decantec hospital of Dakar. Methods. it’s a retrospective and descriptive study involving 5 last years including all patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer. The studied parameters were: prevalence, incidence, age, clinical stage, lethality and death rate. Results. Two hundred and thirty-three patients were enrolled. The prevalence of prostate cancer during the study period was 0.8%. Depending on the stage, metastatic cancer was the most common form with 45.9% of cases. The new cases were 199 with an average of 39.8 per year. The total incidence of prostate cancer over the study period was 0.7%. The mean age of the patients at the diagnosis time was 68.6 ± 9.2 years. The lethality was 0.5%. The global death rate was 0.9 ‰. The specific death rate was 0.9‰. The annual mortality rate was higher in 2017 (36.4%) compared to other years. Depending on the stage, the death rate was higher in metastatic stages patients. Conclusion. The incidence of prostate cancer is increasing in our medical center. Metastatic forms remain more common with higher death rate. Early detection campaigns for prostate cancer should be considered. Contexte et objectif. Le cancer de la prostate représente un enjeu majeur de santé publique et mais il reste très peu documenté en Afrique subsaharienne. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer les aspects épidémiologiques du cancer de la prostate sur les 5 dernières années dans notre centre. Méthodes. Il s’agissait d’une étude documentaire et descriptive sur 5 ans ayant colligé les dossiers de tous les patients avec cancer de la prostate histologiquement confirmé. Les paramètres étudiés étaient : la prévalence, l’incidence, l’âge, le stade clinique, la létalité et la mortalité. Résultats. Deux cent trente-trois patients ont été retenus. La prévalence du cancer de la prostate durant la période étudiée était de 0,8%. En fonction du stade, le stade de cancer métastatique était prépondérant (45,9%). Les nouveaux cas étaient de 199, soit une moyenne de 39,8 nouveaux cas par an. L’incidence totale du cancer de la prostate sur la période étudiée était de 0,7%. L’âge moyen des patients au moment du diagnostic était de 68,6 ± 9,2 ans. Le taux létalité était de 0,5%. La mortalité globale était de 0,9‰. Le taux de mortalité annuelle était plus important en 2017 (36,4%) en comparaison aux autres années étudiées. En fonction du stade, le taux de mortalité était plus important pour les stades métastatiques. Conclusion. L’incidence du cancer de la prostate est en augmentation dans notre centre. Les formes métastatiques restent prédominantes assombrissant le pronostic vital. Des campagnes de dépistage précoce du cancer de la prostate sont à envisager

Molecular Diagnostics of Ebola Patient Samples by Institut Pasteur de Dakar Mobile Laboratory in Guinea 2014–2016

As part of the laboratory response to the Ebola virus outbreak in Guinea, the Institut Pasteur de Dakar mobile laboratory (IPD-ML) was set up in Donka hospital from 2014 to 2016. EBOV suspected samples collected at Ebola Treatment Centers (ETC) and from community deaths were sent daily to IPD-ML. Analysis was performed using dried oligonucleotide mixes for real-time RT-PCR designed for field diagnostic. From March 2014 to May 2015, a total of 6055 patient samples suspected for EBOV collected from seven regions of Guinea were tested by real-time RT-PCR. These patients’ clinical included serum samples (n = 2537 samples) and swabs (n = 3518 samples) with positivity rates of 36.74 and 6.88% respectively. Females were significantly more affected than males with positivity rates of 22.39 and 17.22% respectively (p-value = 5.721e-7). All age groups were exposed to the virus with significant difference (p-value <= 2.2e-16). The IPD-ML contributed significantly to the surveillance and patient management during the EBOV outbreak in Guinea. Furthermore, dried reagents adapted for field diagnostic of EVD suspect cases could be useful for future outbreak preparedness and response

Evaluation De La Denutrition Chez Les Enfants Ages De 2 A 60 Mois Hospitalises Aux Services De Pediatrie Des Hopitaux De Ziguinchor (Senegal)

Introduction: Malnutrition is a public health problem in developing countries. The prevalence of malnutrition at the national level hardly reflects the reality in hospitals. It is in this context that we assessed the nutritional status of children from 2 months to 5 years hospitalized in the pediatric ward of the regional hospital and the Ziguinchor Peace Hospital. Materials and methods: This was a prospective study from June 1 to October 30, 2016. Children aged 2 to 60 months, hospitalized in one of the two services, were included. Children with esdato-ascetic syndrome were not included. Epidemiological, anthropometric data, and associated diagnosis were studied. Results: We included 114 children (70 boys and 44 girls). The average age was 21.9 months [4-59]. Forty-two point one percent (42.1%) of infants &lt;6 months were breastfed exclusively with breast milk. The weaning of children was done early in 55.3%. The mean age of mothers was 26.6 years [17-38]. The socioeconomic level was low in 62.3% of cases. The prevalence of malnutrition averaged 35.5% for underweight; 32.9% for wasting and 32.0% for stunting. Acute respiratory infections (ARI) and acute gastroenteritis were the most common associated conditions. Mean hospital stay was 8 days ± 009 [3-28]. About two thirds of the patients (n = 72) had a hospital stay of more than 7 days. Malnutrition was significantly associated with multiparity, low socioeconomic status, hospital stay of more than 7 days and infectious diseases. Conclusion: Infections and a hospital stay longer than a week are factors favoring malnutrition in children from 2 months to 5 years