The Tadpole Of Dendropsophus Haddadi (bastos & Pombal 1996) (hylidae: Hylinae)

[No abstract available]34768688Altig, R., McDiarmid, R.W., Body plan: Development and morphology (1999) Tadpoles: The Biology of Anuran Larvae, pp. 24-51. , In: McDiarmid, R.W. & Altig, R. (Eds.), The University of Chicago Press, ChicagoAmorim, F.O., Santos, E.M., Guarnieri, M.C., Geographic distribution: Dendropsophus haddadi (2009) Herpetological Review, 40, p. 445Araújo-Neto, J.V., Silva, B.V.M., Galdino, J.Y.A., Nascimento, F.A.C., Lisboa, B.S., New records and geographic distribution map of dendropsophus haddadi (bastos & pombal 1996) (anura: Hylidae) with comments on color patterns (2012) Check List, 8, pp. 248-250Bastos, R.P., Pombal Jr., J.P., A new species of hyla (anura: Hylidae) from eastern brazil (1996) Amphibia-Reptilia, 17, pp. 325-321Bokermann, W.C.A., Girinos de anfíbios brasileiros. I (amphibia: Salientia) (1963) Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 35 (3), pp. 465-474Camurugi, F., Lima, T.M., Merces, E.A., Juncá, F.A., Anurans of the reserva ecológica da michelin, municipality of igrapiúna, state of bahia, brazil (2010) Biota Netropica, 10, pp. 305-312Faivovich, J., Garcia, P.C., Haddad, C.F.B., Frost, D.R., Campbell, J.A., Wheeler, W.C., Systematic review of the frog family hylidae, with special reference to hylinae: Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision (2005) Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 294, pp. 1-240Frost, D.R., (2011) Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference Version 5.5, , http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php, (31 Jan 2011). American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Available from (accessed 22 May 2012)Gosner, K.L., A simplified table for staging anuran embryo and larvae with notes on identification (1960) Herpetologica, 16, pp. 183-190Peixoto, O.L., Pimenta, B., (2004) Dendropsophus Haddadi, , http://www.iucnredlist.org, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2011.2 Available from (accessed 22 May 2012)Pugliese, A., Alves, A.C., Carvalho-E-Silva, S.P., The tadpoles of hyla oliveirai and hyla decipiens with notes on the hyla microcephala group (anura: Hylidae) (2000) Alytes, 18 (1-2), pp. 73-80Toledo, L.F., Garey, M.V., Costa, T.R.N., Loureco-de-Moraes, R., Hartmann, M.T., Haddad, C.F.B., Alternative reproductive modes of atlantic forest frogs (2012) Journal of Ethology, 30, pp. 331-33

Comparison of genomic predictions for lowly heritable traits using multi-step and single-step genomic best linear unbiased predictor in Holstein cattle

The success and sustainability of a breeding program incorporating genomic information is largely dependent on the accuracy of predictions. For low heritability traits, large training populations are required to achieve high accuracies of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV). By including genotyped and nongenotyped animals simultaneously in the evaluation, the single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) approach has the potential to deliver more accurate and less biased genomic evaluations. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy and bias of genomic predictions for various traits in Canadian Holstein cattle using ssGBLUP and multi-step genomic BLUP (msGBLUP) under different strategies, such as (1) adding genomic information of cows in the analysis, (2) testing different adjustments of the genomic relationship matrix, and (3) using a blending approach to obtain GEBV from msGBLUP. The following genomic predictions were evaluated regarding accuracy and bias: (1) GEBV estimated by ssGBLUP; (2) direct genomic value estimated by msGBLUP with polygenic effects of 5 and 20%; and (3) GEBV calculated by a blending approach of direct genomic value with estimated breeding values using polygenic effects of 5 and 20%. The effect of adding genomic information of cows in the evaluation was also assessed for each approach. When genomic information was included in the analyses, the average improvement in observed reliability of predictions was observed to be 7 and 13 percentage points for reproductive and workability traits, respectively, compared with traditional BLUP. Absolute deviation from 1 of the regression coefficient of the linear regression of de-regressed estimated breeding values on genomic predictions went from 0.19 when using traditional BLUP to 0.22 when using the msGBLUP method, and to 0.14 when using the ssGBLUP method. The use of polygenic weight of 20% in the msGBLUP slightly improved the reliability of predictions, while reducing the bias. A similar trend was observed when a blending approach was used. Adding genomic information of cows increased reliabilities, while decreasing bias of genomic predictions when using the ssGBLUP method. Differences between using a training population with cows and bulls or with only bulls for the msGBLUP method were small, likely due to the small number of cows included in the analysis. Predictions for lowly heritable traits benefit greatly from genomic information, especially when all phenotypes, pedigrees, and genotypes are used in a single-step approach

Genetics and genomics of reproductive disorders in Canadian Holstein cattle

In Canada, reproductive disorders known to affect the profitability of dairy cattle herds have been recorded by producers on a voluntary basis since 2007. Previous studies have shown the feasibility of using producer-recorded health data for genetic evaluations. Despite low heritability estimates and limited availability of phenotypic information, sufficient genetic variation has been observed for those traits to indicate that genetic progress, although slow, can be achieved. Pedigree- and genomic-based analyses were performed on producer-recorded health data of reproductive disorders, including retained placenta (RETP), metritis (METR), and cystic ovaries (CYST) using traditional BLUP and single-step genomic BLUP. Genome-wide association studies and functional analyses were carried out to unravel significant genomic regions and biological pathways, and to better understand the genetic mechanisms underlying RETP, METR, and CYST. Heritability estimates (posterior standard deviation in parentheses) were 0.02 (0.003), 0.01 (0.004), and 0.02 (0.003) for CYST, METR, and RETP, respectively. A moderate to strong genetic correlation of 0.69 (0.102) was found between METR and RETP. Averaged over all traits, sire proof reliabilities increased by approximately 11 percentage points with the incorporation of genomic data using a multiple-trait linear model. Biological pathways and associated genes underlying the studied traits were identified and will contribute to a better understanding of the biology of these 3 health disorders in dairy cattle

Estimating the effect of the deleterious recessive haplotypes AH1 and AH2 on reproduction performance of Ayrshire cattle

The effects of 2 deleterious recessive haplotypes on reproduction performance of Ayrshire cattle, Ayrshire Haplotype 1 (AH1) and Ayrshire Haplotype 2 (AH2), were investigated in Canadian Ayrshire cattle. We calculated their phenotypic effects on stillbirth (SB) rate and 56-d nonreturn rate (NRR) by estimating the interaction of service sire carrier status with maternal grandsire carrier status using the official Canadian evaluation models for those 2 traits. The interaction term included 9 subclasses for the 3 possible statuses of each bull: haplotype carrier, noncarrier, or not geno-typed. For AH1, 394 carriers and 1,433 noncarriers were available, whereas 313 carriers and 1,543 noncarriers were available for the AH2 haplotype. The number of matings considered for SB was 34,312 for heifers (first parity) and 115,935 for cows (later parities). For NRR, 49,479 matings for heifers and 160,528 for cows were used to estimate the haplotype effects. We observed a negative effect of AH1 on SB rates, which was 2.0% higher for matings of AH1-carrier sires to dams that had an AH1-carrier sire; this effect was found for both heifers and cows. However, AH1 had small, generally nonsignificant effects on NRR. The AH2 haplotype had a substantial negative effect on NRR, with 5.1% more heifers and 4.0% more cows returning to service, but the effects on SB rates were inconsistent and mostly small effects. Our results validate the harmful effects of AH1 and AH2 on reproduction traits in the Canadian Ayrshire population. This information will be of great interest for the dairy industry, allowing producers to make mating decisions that would reduce reproductive losses

Use of a single-step approach for integrating foreign information into national genomic evaluation in Holstein cattle

The use of multi-trait across-country evaluation (MACE) and the exchange of genomic information among countries allows national breeding programs to combine foreign and national data to increase the size of the training populations and potentially increase accuracy of genomic prediction of breeding values. By including genotyped and nongenotyped animals simultaneously in the evaluation, the single-step genomic BLUP (GBLUP) approach has the potential to deliver more accurate and less biased genomic evaluations. A single-step genomic BLUP approach, which enables integration of data from MACE evaluations, can be used to obtain genomic predictions while avoiding double-counting of information. The objectives of this study were to apply a single-step approach that simultaneously includes domestic and MACE information for genomic evaluation of workability traits in Canadian Holstein cattle, and compare the results obtained with this methodology with those obtained using a multi-step approach (msGBLUP). By including MACE bulls in the training population, msGBLUP led to an increase in reliability of genomic predictions of 4.8 and 15.4% for milking temperament and milking speed, respectively, compared with a traditional evaluation using only pedigree and phenotypic information. Integration of MACE data through a single-step approach (ssGBLUPIM) yielded the highest reliabilities compared with other considered methods. Integration of MACE data also helped reduce bias of genomic predictions. When using ssGBLUPIM, the bias of genomic predictions decreased by half compared with msGBLUP using domestic and MACE information. Therefore, the reliability and bias of genomic predictions for both traits improved substantially when a single-step approach was used for evaluation compared with a multi-step approach. The use of a single-step approach with integration of MACE information provides an alternative to the current method used in Canadian genomic evaluations