3,962 research outputs found
Thermal tides in the Martian middle atmosphere as seen by the Mars Climate Sounder
The first systematic observations of the middle atmosphere of Mars (35–80km) with the Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) show dramatic patterns of diurnal thermal variation, evident in retrievals of temperature and water ice opacity. At the time of writing, the data set of MCS limb retrievals is sufficient for spectral analysis within a limited range of latitudes and seasons. This analysis shows that these thermal variations are almost exclusively associated with a diurnal thermal tide. Using a Martian general circulation model to extend our analysis, we show that the diurnal thermal tide dominates these patterns for all latitudes and all seasons
Colloid-stabilized emulsions: behaviour as the interfacial tension is reduced
We present confocal microscopy studies of novel particle-stabilized
emulsions. The novelty arises because the immiscible fluids have an accessible
upper critical solution temperature. The emulsions have been created by
beginning with particles dispersed in the single-fluid phase. On cooling,
regions of the minority phase nucleate. While coarsening these nuclei become
coated with particles due to the associated reduction in interfacial energy.
The resulting emulsion is arrested, and the particle-coated interfaces have
intriguing properties. Having made use of the binary-fluid phase diagram to
create the emulsion we then make use of it to study the properties of the
interfaces. As the emulsion is re-heated toward the single-fluid phase the
interfacial tension falls and the volume of the dispersed phase drops.
Crumpling, fracture or coalescence can follow. The results show that the
elasticity of the interfaces has a controlling influence over the emulsion
behaviour.Comment: Submitted for the proceedings of the 6th Liquid Matter Conference,
held in Utrecht (NL) in July 200
The glacial geomorphology of upper Godthåbsfjord (Nuup Kangerlua) in south-west Greenland
© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group on behalf of Journal of Maps. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is known to have experienced widespread retreat over the last century. Information on outlet glacier dynamics, prior to this, are limited due to both a lack of observations and a paucity of mapped or mappable deglacial evidence which restricts our understanding of centennial to millennial timescale dynamics of the GrIS. Here we present glacial geomorphological mapping, for upper Godthåbsfjord, covering 5800 km 2 at a scale of 1:92,000, using a combination of ASTER GDEM V2, a medium-resolution DEM (error < 10 m horizontal and < 6 m vertical accuracy), panchromatic orthophotographs and ground truthing. This work provides a detailed geomorphological assessment for the area, compiled as a single map, comprising of moraines, meltwater channels, streamlined bedrock, sediment lineations, ice-dammed lakes, trimlines, terraces, gullied sediment and marine limits. Whilst some of the landforms have been previously identified, the new information presented here improves our understanding of ice margin behaviour and can be used for future numerical modelling and landform dating programmes. Data also form the basis for palaeoglaciological reconstructions and contribute towards understanding of the centennial to millennial timescale record of this sector of the GrIS.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio
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An Association between Head Circumference and Alzheimer's Disease in a Population-Based Study of Aging and Dementia
We investigated the association between head circumference (HC) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a cross-sectional population-based study of aging in North Manhattan. Six hundred forty-nine subjects underwent neurologic, neuropsychological, and anthropometric evaluations; apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype was available for a subsample of 300 individuals. Logistic regression analyses were performed with AD the outcome of interest to evaluate any association between HC and AD. In these analyses, HC evaluated as a continuous variable was associated with AD (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-0.9) after adjusting for age, education, and ethnicity, gender, and height. Analyses suggested that increased risk resided mainly in those with smallest HC. Thus, women whose HC was within the lowest quintile of HC for women were 2.9 (95% CI 1.4-6.1) times more likely to have AD, after adjusting for age, education, and ethnicity; and men in the lowest quintile of HC (for men) were 2.3 times more likely to have AD (95% CI 0.6-9.8). There was no confounding by height, weight, or apoE genotype. The results are consistent with previous studies that suggest that premorbid brain size may influence the age-specific risk for AD. Future epidemiologic studies seeking environmental risk factors for AD may benefit by making HC measurements on all subjects to decrease the variance associated with other potential risk factors
Analysis of the Dynamics of Liquid Aluminium: Recurrent Relation Approach
By use of the recurrent relation approach (RRA) we study the microscopic
dynamics of liquid aluminium at T=973 K and develop a theoretical model which
satisfies all the corresponding sum rules. The investigation covers the
inelastic features as well as the crossover of our theory into the
hydrodynamical and the free-particle regimes. A comparison between our
theoretical results with those following from a generalized hydrodynamical
approach is also presented. In addition to this we report the results of our
molecular dynamics simulations for liquid aluminium, which are also discussed
and compared to experimental data. The received results reveal that (i) the
microscopical dynamics of density fluctuations is defined mainly by the first
four even frequency moments of the dynamic structure factor, and (ii) the
inherent relation of the high-frequency collective excitations observed in
experimental spectra of dynamic structure factor with the two-,
three- and four-particle correlations.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Mutation analysis of HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHD/EGLN) in individuals with features of phaeochromocytoma and renal cell carcinoma susceptibility
Germline mutations in the von Hippel–Lindau disease (VHL) and succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) genes can cause inherited phaeochromocytoma and/or renal cell carcinoma(RCC). Dysregulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factors has been linked to VHL and SDHB-related RCC; both HIF dysregulation and disordered function of a prolyl hydroxylase domain isoform 3 (PHD3/EGLN3)-related pathway of neuronal apoptosis have been linked to the development of phaeochromocytoma. The 2-oxoglutarate-dependent prolyl hydroxylase enzymes PHD1 (EGLN2), PHD2 (EGLN1) and PHD3 (EGLN3) have a key role in regulating the stability of HIF-a subunits (and hence expression of the HIF-a transcription factors). A germline PHD2 mutation has been reported in association with congenital erythrocytosis and recurrent extra-adrenal phaeochromocytoma. We undertook mutation analysis of PHD1, PHD2 and PHD3 in two cohorts of patients with features of inherited phaeochromocytoma (nZ82) and inherited RCC (nZ64) and no evidence of germline mutations in known susceptibility genes. No confirmed pathogenic mutations were detected suggesting that mutations in these genes are not a frequent cause of inherited phaeochromocytoma or RCC
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Observations of the martian atmosphere with the mars climate sounder
The Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) has obtained measurements of the Martian atmosphere for one Mars year. Onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), MCS continues to acquire high vertical resolution profiles of temperature, dust, condensates of CO2 and H2O, and water vapor by observing the limb of the atmosphere from the surface to 80 km in the spectral intervals 0.3 – 3 ?m and 11.5 – 45 ?m [1]. This paper describes the investigation and introduces some of the observations being studied by the MCS science team. Other presentations by the team at this workshop will describe in greater detail results of ongoing research using MCS data
Dichotomy between the hole and electrons behavior in the multiband FeSe probed by ultra high magnetic fields
Magnetoresistivity \r{ho}xx and Hall resistivity \r{ho}xy in ultra high
magnetic fields up to 88T are measured down to 0.15K to clarify the multiband
electronic structure in high-quality single crystals of superconducting FeSe.
At low temperatures and high fields we observe quantum oscillations in both
resistivity and Hall effect, confirming the multiband Fermi surface with small
volumes. We propose a novel and independent approach to identify the sign of
corresponding cyclotron orbit in a compensated metal from magnetotransport
measurements. The observed significant differences in the relative amplitudes
of the quantum oscillations between the \r{ho}xx and \r{ho}xy components,
together with the positive sign of the high-field \r{ho}xy , reveal that the
largest pocket should correspond to the hole band. The low-field
magnetotransport data in the normal state suggest that, in addition to one hole
and one almost compensated electron bands, the orthorhombic phase of FeSe
exhibits an additional tiny electron pocket with a high mobility.Comment: Latex, 4 pages (2 figures, 1 table), and supplemental materia
Magnetotunneling as a Probe of Luttinger-Liquid Behavior
A novel method for detecting Luttinger-liquid behavior is proposed. The idea
is to measure the tunneling conductance between a quantum wire and a parallel
two-dimensional electron system as a function of both the potential difference
between them, , and an in-plane magnetic field, . We show that the
two-parameter dependence on and allows for a determination of the
characteristic dependence on wave vector and frequency of the {\it
spectral function}, , of the quantum wire. In particular,
the separation of spin and charge in the Luttinger liquid should manifest
itself as singularities in the --characteristic. The experimental
feasibility of the proposal is discussed.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let
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