Energy Performance of an All Solid State Electrochromic Prototype for Smart Window Applications

Abstract Electrochromic devices suitable for architectural applications must exhibit acceptable levels in specific performance indicators to carry out useful energy saving functions. These parameters indicate the global response of the window to the solar radiation and completely determine the energetic performance of the glazing. In this paper we present performance data of a home-made all solid state prototype which meets most of the basic requirements. The device is characterized by a visible transmittance modulation between around 68 and 14% (in the full bleaching and colouring states respectively) and demonstrates repeatable behavior after 12h cyclization

Eco-friendly gas mixtures for Resistive Plate Chambers based on Tetrafluoropropene and Helium

Due to the recent restrictions deriving from the application of the Kyoto protocol, the main components of the gas mixtures presently used in the Resistive Plate Chambers systems of the LHC experiments will be most probably phased out of production in the coming years. Identifying possible replacements with the adequate characteristics requires an intense R&D, which was recently started, also in collaborations across the various experiments. Possible candidates have been proposed and are thoroughly investigated. Some tests on one of the most promising candidate - HFO-1234ze, an allotropic form of tetrafluoropropane- have already been reported. Here an innovative approach, based on the use of Helium, to solve the problems related to the too elevate operating voltage of HFO-1234ze based gas mixtures, is discussed and the relative first results are shown.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl

Sampling errors in rainfall measurements by weather radar

International audienceRadar rainfall data are affected by several types of error. Beside the error in the measurement of the rainfall reflectivity and its transformation into rainfall intensity, random errors can be generated by the temporal spacing of the radar scans. The aim of this work is to analize the sensitivity of the estimated rainfall maps to the radar sampling interval, i.e. the time interval between two consecutive radar scans. This analysis has been performed employing data collected with a polarimetric C-band radar in Rome, Italy. The radar data consist of reflectivity maps with a sampling interval of 1min and a spatial resolution of 300m, covering an area of 1296km2. The transformation of the reflectivity maps in rainfall fields has been validated against rainfall data collected by a network of 14 raingauges distributed across the study area. Accumulated rainfall maps have been calculated for different spatial resolutions (from 300m to 2400m) and different sampling intervals (from 1min to 16min). The observed differences between the estimated rainfall maps are significant, showing that the sampling interval can be an important source of error in radar rainfall measurements

LMX Differentiation and Group Outcomes: A Framework and Review Drawing on Group Diversity Insights

In this review, we address inconsistencies and a lack of clarity in the study of leader-member exchange (LMX) differentiation and group outcomes. We do so by drawing on another highly vis- ible group dispersion literature in the management domain, group diversity, based on the recogni- tion that LMX quality is a characteristic on which group members vary. Utilizing insights from Harrison and Klein’s typology of group diversity constructs, we introduce a framework that specifies the meaning and shape of three variations of differentiated leader-member relationships in groups and connects each construct with implications in terms of theorizing and measurement. Specifically, our framework conceptualizes LMX differentiation as LMX separation (dispersion in LMX relationships as disagreement or opposition regarding an opinion, perception, or position), LMX variety (dispersion in LMX relationships as distinctiveness in kind, source, or category), and LMX disparity (dispersion in LMX relationships as inequality in concentration of valued social assets or resources). We then apply this framework to conduct a systematic review of the LMX differentiation literature with particular attention to alignment among a study’s descriptions of the construct, application of theory, expected group outcomes, and construct measurement. Finally, we offer recommendations for future research and for applying our framework to enhance reli- ability, validity, and generalizability in studies of LMX differentiation and group outcomes

Drought impact in the region of the watershed the Sauce Grande lagoon (Buenos Aires province, Argentina)

La distribución e intensidad de los extremos hídricos provoca un impacto directo sobre las actividades humanas. Las características particulares de los eventos secos y húmedos ocurridos en la región de la cuenca hidrográfica de la laguna Sauce Grande, durante el período 1971- 2010, se analizan mediante la aplicación del Índice de severidad de sequía de Palmer. El 49% de los casos analizados correspondieron a sequías débiles, e incipientes. Los valores más extremos de eventos secos (-4.31) ocasionaron daños irreparables en los rendimientos de granos, que disminuyeron un 19% respecto al promedio actual. Durante los meses estivales se observaron los casos secos severos y extremos (12%). Se identificaron los períodos secos que mayor injerencia tuvieron sobre la producción agrícola ganadera de la región, sucedidas durante los años 2008 y 2009, la relación existente entre los valores de los índices severos y extremos en la morfometría de la laguna y estuario del río Sauce Grande.The distribution and intensity of extreme water causes a direct impact on human activities. Dry and wet events in the region of the watershed of the Sauce Grande lagoon during the period 1971 - 2010 are analyzed through the application of Index of Palmer drought severity, 49% of the cases analyzed corresponded to weak, and emerging drought . The most extreme dry events values (-4.31) caused irreparable damage yields, which decreased by 19 % compared to the current average . During the summer months the severe and extreme (12 %) cases were observed. Dry periods had greater influence on livestock farming in the region, occurring during the years 2008 and 2009, the relationship between this values of the indices and severe extremes in the morphometry of the lagoon and the Sauce Grande estuary were identified.Este trabajo fue financiado parcialmente por subsidios del CONICET, proyecto redes PAMPA 2, Universidad Nacional del Sur y el Interamerican Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) CRN 3038 (under US NSF award GEO-1128040)

Nowcasting of convective cells over Italian Peninsula

International audienceThe aim of the study is the individuation of convective cells over the Italian peninsula with the conjunction use of geostationary satellite data (METEOSAT, MSG satellite) in the IR and WV channels and lightning data. We will use GCD (Global Convective Diagnostic) algorithm developed at Aviation Weather Centre (AWC) of NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). This algorithm is based on the idea that a deep convective cloud will not have any significant moisture above it. This technique works quite well at identifying active deep convection and can be applied to all the world's geostationary satellites. However it does not always agree with lightning sensors. Low topped convection with lightning will be missed. We will extend the capabilities of GCD using lightning data. The new product will be validate over different cases in the central Italy using the C-band polarimetric radar of ISAC-CNR (Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate-of the Italian National Research Council) Rome

Research Evidence and Implications on Migration Phenomena in Europe

This book provides a summary overview of the activities carried out by the Diversity and Migration Lab, which was set up within the scope of the FORTHEM international Alliance (Fostering Outreach within European Regions, Transnational Higher Education and Mobility), and concluded in September 2022