Effect of Energy Gain and Loss in Breathing Pattern of Solitary Wave for Nonlinear Equation

Nonlinear phenomena like soliton propagate over long distance in transmit information, without dispersion energy due to the properties of the solitons, which has balanced of the nonlinearity effect and dispersion effect resulted the signal undistorted and symmetric bell shape curve. We study about the properties and breathing pattern of solitary wave of pulses in absence and present of energy loss, by using one dimensional nonlinear equation; cubic-quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (cqCGLE). Breathing pattern of soliton behaviour is constructed with hyperbolic sine and hyperbolic tangent as initial amplitude profile and observed by means of numerical simulation. Resulting in observation of breathing pattern of soliton in term of energy loss and gain while travelling, but it still maintains spatial localization of wave energy in the changing pulses shape through a unique dissipative soliton.Keywords— Soliton, nonlinearity, dispersion, breathing, energy

Preparation and characterization of TiO2-LaFeO3 based mixed matrix membrane for oily wastewater treatment

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of catalyst loading in mixed matrix membrane. LaFeO3 and TiO2-LaFeO3 were synthesized by sol-gel glucose method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), contact angle, membrane permeation testing unit and UV-Vis spectrophotometer techniques are used for characterization. FTIR showed the successful transformation of photocatalyst TiO2, LaFeO3 and TiO2-LaFeO3. Due to increase in nanoparticles loading, the hydrophilicity of the membrane had improved thus increase the permeation flux. The cross-section morphology of membranes (PTL-1, PTL-3 and PTL-4) indicated that all the membranes were found to have asymmetric structure, consisting of dense top layer (air side), a porous sublayer (finger-like) and a small portion of sponge-like bottom surface layer (glass side). But as for the PTL-2, the cross sections of the membranes have a fully sponge-like structure. The formation of sponge-like structure was associated to the slow solidification process during the casting. The highest oily wastewater rejection was 76.26% with highest permeation flux and lower contact angle. This result showed that nanoparticles with membrane had improved the oily wastewater rejection. It proved that the fabricated nanoparticles with mixed matrix membrane exhibits a high flux, which is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than commercial filtration membranes with an acceptable separation performance

Gastroprotective activity and mechanisms of action of Bauhinia purpurea Linn (Leguminoseae) leaf methanol extract

Purpose: To determine the gastroprotective activity and mechanisms of protection of the methanol extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaves (MEBP) using ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model.Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 6) were administered orally with 10 % DMSO, 100 mg/kg ranitidine or MEBP (50, 250 and 500 mg / kg) daily for 7 consecutive days prior to subjection to the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer assay. The mechanisms of gastroprotection were determined based on: i) antisecretory activity via pylorus ligation assay; ii) the role of nitric oxide (NO) and sulfhydryl group via pre-treatment of MEBP-treated rats with the respective N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or carbenoxolone (CBX) followed by the ethanol-induced assay; and iii) antioxidant activity using superoxide anion radical scavenging assay and, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Ranitidine (100 mg / kg) was used as the reference drug. .Results: MEBP exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) and dose-dependent gastroprotective activity against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer with ulcer formation ranging between 0 and 74 % (indicated by decrease in ulcer area from 21.3 to 5.5 mm2). The macroscopic observation was in line with the microscopic findings and further supported by the histological scores suggesting the antiulcer potential of MEBP. MEBP also significantly (p < 0.05) reduced volume gastric juice, as well as its free and total acidity while increasing its pH. Moreover, this activity was significantly (p < 0.05) modulated in the presence ofsulfhydryl group, but not NO. The extract also exhibited significant (p < 0.05) antioxidant activity.Conclusion: MEBP exerts gastroprotective activity partly via its antisecretory and antioxidant activities, as well as by modulation of sulfhydryl group, but not NO action.Keywords: Bauhinia purpurea, Gastroprotective activity, Gastric ulcer, Sulfhydryl group, Anti-secretory activity, Antioxidan

Threat assessment algorithm for Active Blind Spot Assist system using short range radar sensor

Road safety has become more concern due to the number of accidents that keeps increasing every year. The safety systems include from simple installation such as seat belt, airbag, and rear camera to more complicated and intelligent systems such as braking assist, lane change assist, steering control and blind spot monitoring. This paper proposes another intelligent safety system to be implemented in passenger vehicle by monitoring the blind-spot region by using automotive short range radar as sensor to assess its surrounding. This system is called Active Blind-Spot Assist (ABSA) system and this system will collaborate with a Steering Intervention system for autonomous steering maneuvers. The objective of ABSA system is to deploy safety interventions by giving warning to the driver whenever other vehicle is detected within the blind-spot region. Furthermore, this active system also triggers autonomous steering control when the potential of collision with the detected vehicle increases greatly. Consequently, a threat assessment algorithm is developed to evaluate the right moment to give safety interventions to the driver and the conditions for autonomous steering maneuvers. The process of developing the threat assessment algorithm explained in this paper

Steering intervention strategy for side lane collision Avoidance

Advance Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have successfully been integrated in many vehicles; however, the research on its improvement is still on-going. Some of the features of ADAS include Lane Departure warning System, Blind Spot detection, Lane Change Assistance and etc. However, with such systems available, accidents still occurred due to the driver's lack of awareness and negligence towards the given indication and warning, especially situation related to side lane collision. Thus, this paper aims to propose a simple steering intervention control. If the driver still proceed for the lane change when there are other object appearing in the blind spot area, the proposed solution will automatically trigger vehicle evasion mode to avoid side lane collision. The system does not take into account comfort in order to warn the driver. The system was tested and validated using a test vehicle. The results show that the steering intervention provides good vehicle evasion results and hypothetically it may act as the final warning towards the person behind the wheel

Using geospatial information to connect ecosystem services and human well-being in Kenya

The application of geospatial information in the analysis of ecosystem services would help decision makers to develop programs for poverty reduction in Kenya that would improve the targeting of social expenditures and ecosystem interventions so that they reach areas of greatest need

I-Drive: Modular system architecture and hardware configuration for an intelligent Vehicle research platform

There are many researches in the field of autonomous and Intelligent Vehicle in Malaysia, but most of them never have the chance to be tested in actual environment due to constraints in terms of hardware and its configuration. Thus, this paper aims to share with other researchers in the field of Autonomous and Intelligent Vehicle with our independent modular-based system and hardware configuration of an Autonomous and Intelligent Vehicle research platform at our university. Each of the research projects are represented by a module and they are linked by a communication layer. The modules utilised the communication layers to transmit and received data as a part of system communication network, and finally this configuration build up the whole system. Through this approach, it is hoped that the contribution from each research project leads to fully autonomous vehicle and intelligent vehicle. The proposed modular system and hardware configuration have been successfully verified via our platform through lane-keeping research. The proposed platform is demonstrated via I-DRIVE (Intelligent Drive Vehicle) on the standard testing track and Malaysia highway road

I-Drive: Modular system architecture and hardware configuration for an intelligent Vehicle research platform

There are many researches in the field of autonomous and Intelligent Vehicle in Malaysia, but most of them never have the chance to be tested in actual environment due to constraints in terms of hardware and its configuration. Thus, this paper aims to share with other researchers in the field of Autonomous and Intelligent Vehicle with our independent modular-based system and hardware configuration of an Autonomous and Intelligent Vehicle research platform at our university. Each of the research projects are represented by a module and they are linked by a communication layer. The modules utilised the communication layers to transmit and received data as a part of system communication network, and finally this configuration build up the whole system. Through this approach, it is hoped that the contribution from each research project leads to fully autonomous vehicle and intelligent vehicle. The proposed modular system and hardware configuration have been successfully verified via our platform through lane-keeping research. The proposed platform is demonstrated via I-DRIVE (Intelligent Drive Vehicle) on the standard testing track and Malaysia highway road

Sensitivity analysis of leaching process on rare earth elements by using metsim software

Leaching is part of the hydrometallurgical treatment in the separation of rare earth elements (REEs). The increase of demand for REEs in the world but its limited supply caused by the separation process that has negative environmental impact, as well as high costs of laboratory work, the alternative method to study on the extraction of these resources are urgently needed. This can be done through simulation study that eliminates the number of experiment that needs to be carried out. In this work, a sensitivity analysis of the leaching process for light rare earth elements (LREEs); Lanthanum (La) and Neodymium (Nd) from monazite concentrate was carried out by employing a software called METSIM which is able to model metallurgical processes. METSIM software is also able to calculate mass and heat balance of complicated hydrometallurgy processes and furthermore, its function has been expanded to involved chemical reactions, process control and equipment sizing. The simulation of the digestion and the leaching process was run and compared with experimental work from the literature, which aimed to optimize the leaching process. Leaching is an extraction process of a substance from a solid material that is dissolved in a liquid. In this study, the leaching process is modelled as a two-steps process, in which the first step is the digestion process, followed by the actual leaching process. The monazite concentrate is made strong bonds as REEs oxide, therefore, they are not soluble in water before leaching process. For the digestion process, the monazite concentrate was mixed with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in the digestion reactor. The precipitates which contain leachate was then mixed with deionised water in the leaching reactor to increase the solubility of La and Nd. The reaction equations for the digestion reactor are as shown in Equations (1) and (2), while for the leaching reactor are shown by Equations (3) and (4) as follows