Experimental implementation controlled SPWM inverter based harmony search algorithm

An optimum PI controller using harmony search optimization algorithm (HS) is utilized in this research for the single-phase bipolar SPWM inverter. The aim of this algorithm is to avoid the conventional trial and error procedure which is usually applied in finding the PI coefficients in order to obtain the desired performance. Then, the control algorithm of the inverter prototype is experimentally implemented using the eZdsp F28355 board along with the bipolar sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) to control the output voltage drop under different load conditions. The proposed overall inverter design and the control algorithm are modelled using MATLAB environment (Simulink/m-file Code). The mean absolute error (MAE) formula is used as an objective function with the HS algorithm in finding the adaptive values of  and  parameters to minimize the error of the inverter output voltage. Based on the output results, the proposed voltage controller using HS algorithm based PI (HS-PI) showed that the inverter output performance is improved in terms of voltage amplitude, robustness, and convergence rate speed as compared to PSO algorithm based PI (PSO-PI). This is to say that the proposed controller provides a good dynamic responses in both cases; transient and steady-state. Finally, the experimental setup result of the inverter controller is verified to validate the simulation results

Bio ceramic Zirconia/Hydroxyapatite nano composite extracted from bovine bone

These days bone and joint problem is one of the serious health issues in the whole world, millions of people are suffered from it and number is increasing with an alarming rate. Annually, there are more than million surgeries getting done in the world just because of injuries to human hard tissue system. Recently in medical applications, synthetic Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used as an important material because of excellent properties such as bio affinity and high osteogenic potential. HA, particles prevent the growth of cancer cells. Recently, natural hydroxyapatite bio ceramics are extracted by normal calcinations of some bio wastes. Biologically derived natural materials such as bovine bones, fish bones, oyster shells, corals and egg shells, they have converted into useful biomaterials. Moreover, extraction of HA from bio-waste is simple, economically and environmentally preferable. The mechanical Properties of HA is low in comparison with cortical bone. As a result, incorporation of resistant oxide phase has been resistant to optimize biocompatibility and improve mechanical properties of HA. Zirconia (ZrO2), is one of the best materials which can increase the HA properties. ZrO2 is a well known material which has high mechanical properties and greater strength, low toxicity and lower magnetic susceptibility in comparison with Ti and Titanium's alloys. In the present work, HA/ZrO2 bio ceramic were fabricated in various sintering conditions and nano particle size is achieved by milling technique. HA was derived from natural sources that chosen bovine bone. Effects of ZrO2 on the composites were investigated. Adding the additive resulted in the values of higher density. Density of the sintered samples was determined by using the Archimedes method and distilled water was used as the fluid medium. The phase formation of the sintered samples was analyzed by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). The micro structural investigation of the samples was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Gonad Maturation of Angle Fish (Pterophyllum Scallare) Induced by Laser Puncture Exposure at Different TIME Duration

A research was conducted from January-February 2016 at the Fish Hatchery and Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Riau Pekanbaru. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the duration of laser puncture exposure on gonad maturation of angle fish (Pterophyllum scallare). Completely randomized design was used to analyze the gonad maturation at the different duration of laser puncture exposure (0, 15, 20, and 25) seconds. The shooting was done twice a week for 4 weeks. The brood fish were reared in 54 L aquarium tank (60x30x35 cm) and fed on 38% protein pellet plus 57% protein tubifex worm.The results of research showed that there was an effect of laser puncture exposure duration, on gonad maturation of angle fish (Pterophyllum scallare). The best duration of laser puncture to stimulate gonad maturation was 20 second. At the duration the maturation was reached in 35 days with gonado somatic indeks 6,3 %, fecundity 908 eggs, and eggs diameter 1.5 mm. The temperature range from 26-27 oC, pH 5-6, and DO 5,7-6,8 ppm

Analisis Yuridis Penerbitan Surat Perintah Penghentian Penuntutan oleh Kejaksaan Dikaitkan dengan Asas Oportunitas dan Undang-undang No 16 Tahun 2004 Tentang Kejaksaan RI

Prosecutors acting prosecuting a person suspected of committing crimes is based on Article 8 paragraph (2) of Law No. 16 of 2004 on the Attorney RI. In prosecuting attorney acting for and on behalf of the State. To prosecute a person suspected of committing a crime, the prosecutor is allowed to waive the case in the public interest pursuant to Article 35 letter c. Law No. 16 of 2004 on the Attorney RI. On the other hand the prosecuting attorney must uphold the principle of equality before the law. Authority to waive the case prosecutor apparently misused by the Attorney on specific cases. For example: Case BLBI and Bibit-Chandra case. Setting principles and opportunity in the Code of Criminal Procedure Law. 16 Year 2004 on Indonesian Attorney can not give an explanation although expressly recognized the principle of opportunity. Criminal Procedure Code recognizes the principle of opportunity, however, the Criminal Code does not provide an explanation about this. While in Law. 16 of 2004 on the Attorney RI, the principle of opportunity provided for in Article 35 letter c as the authority of the Attorney General in the case of a waiver in the public interest. Regarding the public interest itself also still can cause a variety of different interpretations due to the Criminal Procedure Code and the Law. 16 Year 2004 on Indonesian Attorney formulate the common definition is too broad and should be returned or refer to the ideals of the law or of the nation as expressed in the preamble of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The results showed that: Should termination prosecution done really pay attention to grounds for termination of prosecution; Better regulation principles set opportunity in more detail and specific especially in providing the sense of "the public interest", and should provide limits understanding of the categories included in "the interests of general "

Kualitas Semen Segar Kuda (Equus caballus) di Kabupaten Deli Serdang

The fresh semen evaluation is very important for stallion before doing artificial insemination. This study aims to determine the quality of semen of the stallion in Deli Serdang regency and semen test at the Regional Artificial Insemination Center, North Sumatera in August-September 2017. This study was conducted on 10 male stallions aged 2-4 years in the district. then the data in show in the form of descriptive. The results showed that in macroscopic test the color of cement is white gray, consistency  is watery, pH equal to 6,7 ± 0,48. In motility microscopic test (M%) of 69 ± 0.1, concentrations of 134.5 ± 0.94 x 107 / ml, and sperm condition 80% normal. Based on motility (M%) and concentration of semen quality with progressive spermatozoa movement and concentration of 134.5 million / ml of good horse to be superior male

Purification and properties of a new dehalogenase enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. B6P grow in 3- chloropropionate (3CP)

Halogenated compounds are widely used in agriculture and industries and have been associated with environmental pollution. Degradation of 3-chloropropionate (3CP) by microorganism has been established and this enzyme could only remove halogen atom at the â- position of 3-carbon alkanoic acids. Pseudomonas sp. B6P was originally isolated from paddy field which was able to degrade 3CP therefore, suggesting it may have some desirable properties. The enzyme was purified from cell-free extracts having a monomer of 56,000 Da. It was found to be stable between pH 5 to 8 and its optimal pH was 8. Its activity was not affected by metal ions such as Mn2+, Fe3+ and Mg2+, but was inhibited by Hg2+ and Ag2+. The enzyme is specific for 3CP, and the Km value (0.20 mM ± 0.05).Key words: Biodegradation, 3-chloropropionic acid, dehalogenase,  bioremediation, haloalkanoic acid, Pseudomonas sp.B6P

The level of IL-1?, IL-10 and IL-17A in Alzheimer's disease patients: Comparative study

The objective of this study is to evaluate the level of cytokines IL-1?, IL-10 and IL-17A in the serum of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD) and down syndrome (DS). The results showed that Serum level of IL-1? was significantly increased in AD patients (3.79 ± 0.26 pg/ml) as compared with DS patients (2.78 ± 0.39 pg/ml) or controls (2.78 ± 0.22 pg/ml), while no significant difference was observed between AD and VD (3.25 ± 0.20 pg/ml) patients or between VD patients, DS patients and controls. The serum level of IL-10 was approximated in VD and DS patients and controls (3.39 ± 0.24, 2.77 ± 0.39 and 3.41 ± 0.35 pg/ml, respectively), but was significantly (P ? 0.05) increased in AD patients (5.73 ± 0.55 pg/ml) as compared to these groups. The serum level IL-17A was significantly increased in AD and VD patients (6.28 ± 0.35 and 5.32 ± 0.42 pg/ml, respectively) as compared with DS patients (3.75 ± 0.40 pg/ml) or controls (4.05 ± 0.28 pg/ml).IL-10 is important to diffrentiation between AD and VD