Wind tunnel site analysis of Dow Chemical Facility at Rocky Flats, Colorado

CER71-72RNM-FC-451.May 1972.Prepared for Research and Ecology, Rocky Flats Division, Dow Chemical Company.Includes bibliographical references.Tests were conducted on a model of the Dow Chemical Company plutonium recovery facility, Rocky Flats Division, and the surrounding topography to determine the dispersal and trajectories of potential effluents. Profiles of wind and turbulence over the facility were adjusted to forms expected for the given terrain. Dispersion and trajectory characteristics were determined by releasing a krypton-85 tracer gas from specific sources and sampling the plume downwind. Results suggest that the plumes depart only modestly from behavior suggested by the Pasquill-Gifford prediction methods. All results are tabulated and/or presented in a dimensionless manner suitable for prototype site evaluation

Study of wind pressure and air quality around Children's Hospital, National Medical Center

CER70-71FHC-JEC55.March 1971.Prepared under contract to Leo A. Daly Company.Includes bibliographical references.Tests were conducted on a model of the proposed Children's Hospital Facility constructed (1:192 scale) in the Colorado State University Meteorological Wind Tunnel to determine air quality and air pressures around the building. The pressure measurements concentrated on the mean and RMS of the fluctuating pressure at selected locations. Air quality measurements were made by releasing Krypton-85 from specific sources of pollution and sampling it at all the intakes around the building. Data are presented in a manner that these can be directly used to evaluate pressures and air quality. Also, based on these data, recommendations are made on locating the air-conditioning intakes and the sources of pollution

Wind and air pollution control study of Yerba Buena Center

For McCue - Boone - Tomsick.CER71-72JEC-FHC-ACH-JAG15.June 1972.Includes bibliographical references

Assessing Fermentation Quality, Aerobic Stability, In Vitro Digestibility, and Rumen Degradation Characteristics of Silages Mixed with Sweet Sorghum and Aerial Parts of Licorice

\ua9 2024 by the authors.(1) Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the fermentation quality, chemical composition, aerobic stability, in vitro digestibility, and rumen degradation characteristics of silage mixtures with different ratios of sweet sorghum (SS) and aerial parts of licorice (LC). (2) Methods: Five mixtures were produced on a dry matter (DM) basis: (i) 0%SS + 100%LC (0%SS); (ii) 25%SS + 75%LC (25%SS); (iii) 50%SS + 50%LC (50%SS); (iv) 75%SS + 25%LC (75%SS); and (v) 100%SS + 0%LC (100%SS). First, the chemical composition of the silages was measured before and after fermentation. Next, the aerobic stability, dynamic microbial colonization and dynamic volatile fatty acids of the mixed silage after fermentation were determined for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days. Finally, the parameters related to gas production and the characteristics of the gas production were determined. At the same time, the rate of degradation of the chemical composition of the mixed silage in the rumen was studied. (3) Results: (a) As the proportion of SS increased, pH, ammonia, butyric acid, acetate, and aerobic stability showed a decreasing trend, but lactic acid content gradually increased. (b) The content of the fermentation and gas production parameters were significantly higher in 100%SS and 50%SS than others (p < 0.05). (c) The rate of degradation of DE, ME, Neg, DM, CP, ADF, NDF, and ADL of 50%SS in the rumen of sheep was significantly higher than others (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, ensiling SS and LC mixtures can improve silage quality, especially if the SS and LC are ensiled together at a ratio of 50:50

Frequency domain analysis for detecting pipeline leaks

The original publication can be found at http://scitation.aip.org/hyoThis paper introduces leak detection methods that involve the injection of a fluid transient into the pipeline, with the resultant transient trace analyzed in the frequency domain. Two methods of leak detection using the frequency response of the pipeline are proposed. The inverse resonance method involves matching the modeled frequency responses to those observed to determine the leak parameters. The peak-sequencing method determines the region in which the leak is located by comparing the relative sizes between peaks in the frequency response diagram. It was found that a unique pattern was induced on the peaks of the frequency response for each specific location of the leak within the pipeline. The leak location can be determined by matching the observed pattern to patterns generated numerically within a lookup table. The procedure for extracting the linear frequency response diagram, including the optimum measurement position, the effect of unsteady friction, and the way in which the technique can be extended into pipeline networks, are also discussed within the paper.Pedro J. Lee, John P. Vítkovský, Martin F. Lambert, Angus R. Simpson and James A. Ligget

Dr. Inventor, Promoting Scientific Creativity by Utilising Web-based Research Objects, FP7

Scientific creativity and innovation represent the beating heart of European growth at a time of rapid technological change. Dr Inventor is built on the vision that technologies have great potential to supplement human ingenuity in science by overcoming the limitations that people suffer in pursuing scientific discovery. It presents an original system that will provide inspiration for scientific creativity by utilising the rich presence of web-based research resources. Dr Inventor will act as a personal research assistant, utilising machine-empowered search and computation to bring researchers extended perspectives for scientific innovation by informing them of a broad spectrum of relevant research concepts and approaches, by assessing the novelty of research ideas, and by offering suggestions of new concepts and workflows with unexpected features for new scientific discovery. Dr Inventor is an attempt to understand the potential of technology in the scientific creative process within current technology limitations. It represents a sound balance between scientific insight into individual scientific creative processes and technical implementation using innovative technologies in information extraction, document summarization, semantics and visual analytics. The outcomes will be integrated into a web-based system that will allow evaluation in a selected research area under real-world settings with carefully designed metrics, benchmarks and baseline for creative performance, leading to tangible measurements on the performance of the technologies in enhancing human creativity and a blueprint for future technologies in computational creativity. Dr Inventor has huge implications for scientific innovation in Europe, as it has the potential to change the way in which scientific research is undertaken. The acceptance of the system by general research communities will open opportunities for many industrial sectors, leading to reinforced leadership of European industry

Understanding air release through air valves

[EN] Water transients with entrapped air can originate large pressure peaks that can severely damage distribution networks. Entrapped air can have a damping or amplifying effect on these undesirable pressure peaks. Unfortunately, the complexity of the phenomenon too often makes it difficult to obtain a fully reliable prediction about when air pockets will mitigate or accentuate water transients. Furthermore, the value of some of the parameters involved in the conventional numerical models cannot be calculated or measured and need to be determined through a calibration process. With the aim of overcoming most of the aforementioned uncertainties, this paper summarizes a complete set of tests conducted at WL | Delft Hydraulics. These tests were simulated by means of a tailored numerical model that includes a set of parameters whose values were determined by means of a calibration process. The experimental setup, a large-scale facility, consisted of a single steep pipeline with an air valve installed at its top end. Air release through different air valves was tested under different conditions. © 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.This research has been possible thanks to the European Community Programme "Access to Major Research Infrastructure" under the Fifth Framework Growth Programme (Contract No. GIRT-CT-2002-05069).Carlos Alberola, MDM.; Arregui De La Cruz, F.; Cabrera Marcet, E.; Palau, C. (2011). Understanding air release through air valves. Journal of Urban Planning and Development. 137(4):461-469. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000324S461469137

Head- and flow-based formulations for frequency domain analysis of fluid transients in arbitrary pipe networks

Applications of frequency-domain analysis in pipelines and pipe networks include resonance analysis, time-domain simulation, and fault detection. Current frequency-domain analysis methods are restricted to series pipelines, single-branching pipelines, and single-loop networks and are not suited to complex networks. This paper presents a number of formulations for the frequency-domain solution in pipe networks of arbitrary topology and size. The formulations focus on the topology of arbitrary networks and do not consider any complex network devices or boundary conditions other than head and flow boundaries. The frequency-domain equations are presented for node elements and pipe elements, which correspond to the continuity of flow at a node and the unsteady flow in a pipe, respectively. Additionally, a pipe-node-pipe and reservoir-pipe pair set of equations are derived. A matrix-based approach is used to display the solution to entire networks in a systematic and powerful way. Three different formulations are derived based on the unknown variables of interest that are to be solved: head-formulation, flow-formulation, and head-flow-formulation. These hold significant analogies to different steady-state network solutions. The frequency-domain models are tested against the method of characteristics (a commonly used time-domain model) with good result. The computational efficiency of each formulation is discussed with the most efficient formulation being the headformulation.John P. Vítkovský; Pedro J. Lee; Aaron C. Zecchin; Angus R. Simpson; and Martin F. Lambert