Research in the development effort of an improved multiplier phototube final report

Single electron counting characteristics of multiplier phototubes - Pulse height distribution of windowless multiplie

Research in the development effort of an improved multiplier phototube Seventh quarterly report

Test data on effective photocathode size, response uniformity, and pulse amplitude distribution of multiplier phototube

Research in the development of an improved multiplier phototube Final report

Cascade aperture design, gas pressure effects, gain calibration, and photon counting efficiency of multiplier phototub

Determining the Effectiveness of the Cancer Phase Training Model in a Group Setting

The role of exercise as a primary therapy has been well documented and has the capacity to act across multiple body systems to attenuate cancer-related toxicities. To date, the Cancer Phase Training Model is the only cancer rehabilitation intervention that includes recommended modes, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise for cancer survivors. The one-on-one model has been shown to be the most effective method of cancer rehabilitation; however the largest perceived limitation of this model is the expense of the program and its lack of scalability. By creating a structured cancer specific group model that can produce similar results to the one-on-one model, we can provide a feasible alternative rehabilitation program for cancer survivors. Purpose: To evaluate the effects of the Cancer Phase Training Model in a group setting, on cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, and cancer related fatigue in cancer survivors. Methods: A total of 14 cancer survivors participated in the group model, with 12 participants completing the group model. The frequency of training was prescribed as two sessions per week for 12 weeks. The duration of each exercise session was 60 minutes with 20 minutes designated for cardiovascular exercise, 30 minutes for resistance exercise, 10 minutes for flexibility training, and with balance exercises incorporated throughout the entire session. Participants in the Group Model had a designated time in which they could exercise under the direct supervision of a Cancer Exercise Specialist. Changes in peak volume of oxygen consumption (VO2peak), muscular strength, and Cancer-Related Fatigue were observed once the 12 week intervention was completed. Percent change in VO2peak, muscular strength, and fatigue from data collected in the Individual Phase Training Model were compared to the data collected in the Group Phase Training Model. Results: After completing a 12-week intervention in the Group Model, significant improvements (p\u3c0.05) were observed in VO2peak, leg press muscular strength (MS), chest press MS, seated row MS, and shoulder press MS, and fatigue. Although the GM was a pilot study and had a lower number of participants, similar results between GM and the IM Phase Training Model were observed in all variables. Participants completing the IM model resulted in an average 11% increase in VO2peak, while the GM resulted in an average 9% increase. Participant’s leg press strength increased by an average of 9% in the IM compared to an average 10% increase in the GM. Participant’s chest press strength increased by an average of 16% in the IM, in comparison to an average 16% increase in the GM. The mean percent change in fatigue for participants completing the IM as a 21% decrease, while the GM experienced a 36% decrease in fatigue. Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrates that the Phase Training Model protocol can be safely and effectively administrated in a group setting. By offering the Phase Training Program in a group model, healthcare professionals can have a greater impact by providing services to more cancer survivors without placing the financial burden on the survivor or the program provider. By demonstrating its diversity, the Phase Training Model should be considered as a standard of care in the clinical cancer rehabilitation setting considering its success in both the group and individual model

Training Induced Positive Exchange Bias in NiFe/IrMn Bilayers

Positive exchange bias has been observed in the Ni$_{81}$Fe$_{19}$/Ir$_{20}$Mn$_{80}$ bilayer system via soft x-ray resonant magnetic scattering. After field cooling of the system through the blocking temperature of the antiferromagnet, an initial conventional negative exchange bias is removed after training i. e. successive magnetization reversals, resulting in a positive exchange bias for a temperature range down to 30 K below the blocking temperature (450 K). This new manifestation of magnetic training is discussed in terms of metastable magnetic disorder at the magnetically frustrated interface during magnetization reversal.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Research in the development of an improved multiplier phototube

Parameters in analog /dc/ and digital /single electron pulse count/ modes of processing data from photomultiplier tube

Dual Behavior of Antiferromagnetic Uncompensated Spins in NiFe/IrMn Exchange Biased Bilayers

We present a comprehensive study of the exchange bias effect in a model system. Through numerical analysis of the exchange bias and coercive fields as a function of the antiferromagnetic layer thickness we deduce the absolute value of the averaged anisotropy constant of the antiferromagnet. We show that the anisotropy of IrMn exhibits a finite size effect as a function of thickness. The interfacial spin disorder involved in the data analysis is further supported by the observation of the dual behavior of the interfacial uncompensated spins. Utilizing soft x-ray resonant magnetic reflectometry we have observed that the antiferromagnetic uncompensated spins are dominantly frozen with nearly no rotating spins due to the chemical intermixing, which correlates to the inferred mechanism for the exchange bias.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Research in the development of an improved multiplier phototube Final report

Triggered light sources, after pulsing, and materials for multiplier phototube

Cooling and heating by adiabatic magnetization in the Ni50_{50}Mn34_{34}In16_{16} magnetic shape memory alloy

We report on measurements of the adiabatic temperature change in the inverse magnetocaloric Ni$_{50}$Mn$_{34}$In$_{16}$ alloy. It is shown that this alloy heats up with the application of a magnetic field around the Curie point due to the conventional magnetocaloric effect. In contrast, the inverse magnetocaloric effect associated with the martensitic transition results in the unusual decrease of temperature by adiabatic magnetization. We also provide magnetization and specific heat data which enable to compare the measured temperature changes to the values indirectly computed from thermodynamic relationships. Good agreement is obtained for the conventional effect at the second-order paramagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition. However, at the first order structural transition the measured values at high fields are lower than the computed ones. Irreversible thermodynamics arguments are given to show that such a discrepancy is due to the irreversibility of the first-order martensitic transition.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in the Physical Review