Procedencia del material pétreo de los molinos de los yacimientos Cogotas I (Bronce Medio y Tardío) de la Cuenca del Duero y modelos consecuentes de flujo

The source provenance of twelve hand grindstones of Cogotian sites from the sedimentary Duero Basin was characterized using petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical criteria, according to an operational process previously proposed. Many of the provenances were determined after trace-element normalized diagrams and comparative diagrams with respect to available data from potential source areas. This methodology confirms that the geochemical signature can be seen as an archaeological fingerprint which allows the identification of facies or rock sub-types from the established source areas. Granite sources are the commonest provenance, although granodiorite, orthogneisses and sandstone are also involved, all of them belonging to the Variscan Basement. One of these source areas includes copper minerals, which could have been used for metallurgical purposes. Probably, since the early phase of Cogotas I, the principle of least effort no longer was a guiding force to boost the supply of material. The archaeological sites experienced a long-distance raw material supply in crossed directions, according to the established sources areas, indicating a dense network of connections between the commnunities of the region at a hecto-kilometric scale.Se ha estudiado la procedencia del material pétreo de doce molinos de diferentes yacimientos cogotenses de la Cuenca del Duero. Utilizando una marcha metodológica previa, se alcanza una caracterización petrográfica, mineralógica y geoquímica del material, incluyendo el tratamiento de elementos traza mediante diagramas de normalización y comparación con datos disponibles de áreas fuente potenciales. Esto ha permitido, en muchos casos, la identificación de áreas fuente locales ya que la signatura geoquímica representa una huella arqueológica fidedigna de las facies o subtipos de rocas implicadas. La mayoría de las áreas fuente identificadas son graníticas, existiendo también granodioritas, gneises y areniscas, todas ellas pertenecientes al basamento varisco. Una de estas áreas incluye minerales de cobre, eventualmente aprovechables para metalurgia. Probablemente, ya desde la fase inicial de Cogotas I dejó de regir el principio del mínimo esfuerzo en el aprovisionamiento del material. El suministro de materias primas a los yacimientos arqueológicos es de carácter lejano y en direcciones cruzadas, de acuerdo con las áreas fuente establecidas, indicando una densa red de conexiones entre las comunidades de la región a escala hectokilométric

The role of grain size in AGN torus dust models

Fits the infrared spectra from the nuclear regions of AGN can place constraints on the dust properties, distribution, and geometry by comparison with models. However, none of the currently available models fully describe the observations of AGN currently available. Among the aspects least explored, here we focus on the role of dust grain size. We offer the community a new spectral energy distribution (SED) library, hereinafter [GoMar23] model, which is based on the two-phase torus model developed before with the inclusion of the grain size as a model parameter, parameterized by the maximum grain size Psize or equivalently the mass-weighted average grain size . We created 691,200 SEDs using the SKIRT code, where the maximum grain size can vary within the range Psize = 0.01 - 10.0um ( = 0.007 - 3.41um). We fit this new and several existing libraries to a sample of 68 nearby and luminous AGNs with Spitzer/IRS spectra dominated by AGN-heated dust. We find that the [GoMar23] model can adequately reproduce up to 85-88% of the spectra. The dust grain size parameter significantly improves the final fit in up to 90% of these spectra. Statistical tests indicate that the grain size is the third most important parameter in the fitting procedure (after the size and half opening angle of the torus). The requirement of a foreground extinction by our model is lower compared to purely clumpy models. We find that 41% of our sample requires that the maximum dust grain size is as large as Psize =10um (= 3.41um). Nonetheless, we also remark that disk+wind and clumpy torus models are still required to reproduce the spectra of a non-negligible fraction of objects, suggesting the need for several dust geometries to explain the infrared continuum of AGN. This work provides tentative evidence for dust grain growth in the proximity of the AGN.Comment: 26 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in A&

The Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS). III: Revealing the inner icy structure in local AGN

We use JWST/MIRI MRS spectroscopy of a sample of six local obscured type 1.9/2 active galactic nuclei (AGN) to compare their nuclear mid-IR absorption bands with the level of nuclear obscuration traced by X-rays. This study is the first to use sub-arcsecond angular resolution data of local obscured AGN to investigate the nuclear mid-IR absorption bands with a wide wavelength coverage (4.9-28.1 $\mu$m). All the nuclei show the 9.7 $\mu$m silicate band in absorption. We compare the strength of the 9.7 and 18 $\mu$m silicate features with torus model predictions. The observed silicate features are generally well explained by clumpy and smooth torus models. We report the detection of the 6 $\mu$m dirty water ice band (i.e., a mix of water and other molecules such as CO and CO$_2$) at sub-arcsecond scales ($\sim$0.26 arcsec at 6 $\mu$m; inner $\sim$50 pc) in a sample of local AGN with different levels of nuclear obscuration in the range log N$_{\rm H}^{\rm X-Ray}$(cm$^{-2}$)$\sim22-25$. We find a good correlation between the 6 $\mu$m water ice optical depths and N$_{\rm H}^{\rm X-Ray}$. This result indicates that the water ice absorption might be a reliable tracer of the nuclear intrinsic obscuration in AGN. The weak water ice absorption in less obscured AGN (log N$_H^{X-ray}$ (cm$^{-2}$)$\lesssim$23.0 cm$^{-2}$) might be related to the hotter dust temperature ($>$T$_{sub}^{H_2O}\sim$110 K) expected to be reached in the outer layers of the torus due to their more inhomogeneous medium. Our results suggest it might be necessary to include the molecular content, such as, H$_2$O, aliphatic hydrocarbons (CH-) and more complex PAH molecules in torus models to better constrain key parameters such as the torus covering factor (i.e. nuclear obscuration).Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. 13 pages, 12 Figure

The Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS): III. Revealing the inner icy structure in local active galactic nuclei

We use JWST/MIRI MRS spectroscopy of a sample of six local obscured type 1.9/2 active galactic nuclei (AGN) to compare their nuclear mid-IR absorption bands with the level of nuclear obscuration traced by X-rays. This study is the first to use subarcsecond angular resolution data of local obscured AGN to investigate the nuclear mid-IR absorption bands with a wide wavelength coverage (4.9–28.1 μm). All the nuclei show the 9.7 μm silicate band in absorption. We compare the strength of the 9.7 and 18 μm silicate features with torus model predictions. The observed silicate features are generally well explained by clumpy and smooth torus models. We report the detection of the 6 μm dirty water ice band (i.e., a mix of water and other molecules such as CO and CO2) at subarcsecond scales (∼0.26″ at 6 μm; inner ∼50 pc) in a sample of local AGN with different levels of nuclear obscuration in the range log NHX-Ray (cm−2)∼22 − 25. We find good correlation between the 6 μm water ice optical depths and NHX-Ray. This result indicates that the water ice absorption might be a reliable tracer of the nuclear intrinsic obscuration in AGN. The weak water ice absorption in less obscured AGN (log NHX-ray (cm−2)≲23.0 cm−2) might be related to the hotter dust temperature (> TsubH2O ∼ 110 K) expected to be reached in the outer layers of the torus due to their more inhomogeneous medium. Our results suggest it might be necessary to include the molecular content, such as H2O, aliphatic hydrocarbons (CH−), and more complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules, in torus models to better constrain key parameters such as the torus covering factor (i.e., nuclear obscuration)

A machine learning approach to personalized predictors of dyslipidemia: a cohort study

IntroductionMexico ranks second in the global prevalence of obesity in the adult population, which increases the probability of developing dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia is closely related to cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of death in the country. Therefore, developing tools that facilitate the prediction of dyslipidemias is essential for prevention and early treatment.MethodsIn this study, we utilized a dataset from a Mexico City cohort consisting of 2,621 participants, men and women aged between 20 and 50 years, with and without some type of dyslipidemia. Our primary objective was to identify potential factors associated with different types of dyslipidemia in both men and women. Machine learning algorithms were employed to achieve this goal. To facilitate feature selection, we applied the Variable Importance Measures (VIM) of Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM). Additionally, to address class imbalance, we employed Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) for dataset resampling. The dataset encompassed anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, dietary intake, family health history, and other health parameters, including smoking habits, alcohol consumption, quality of sleep, and physical activity.ResultsOur results revealed that the VIM algorithm of RF yielded the most optimal subset of attributes, closely followed by GBM, achieving a balanced accuracy of up to 80%. The selection of the best subset of attributes was based on the comparative performance of classifiers, evaluated through balanced accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity metrics.DiscussionThe top five features contributing to an increased risk of various types of dyslipidemia were identified through the machine learning technique. These features include body mass index, elevated uric acid levels, age, sleep disorders, and anxiety. The findings of this study shed light on significant factors that play a role in dyslipidemia development, aiding in the early identification, prevention, and treatment of this condition

Precipitation regionalization, anomalies and drought occurrence in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

© 2020 The Authors. International Journal of Climatology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the Royal Meteorological Society. Climate change projections have identified the Yucatan Peninsula as being vulnerable to increasing drought. Understanding spatial and temporal precipitation variability and drought occurrence are therefore important. Drought monitoring in Mexico has been carried out only relatively recently and often without considering the long-term variability in both droughts and precipitation. This research explores the spatio-temporal variability of precipitation and occurrence of droughts at a much finer spatial resolution and over a longer temporal period than previous studies. Using statistical (cluster analysis and standardized precipitation index) and geostatistical (kriging) techniques, maps of precipitation and droughts are generated for the period 1980–2011. These show that whilst many previous studies have regarded the Yucatan Peninsula as a homogenous region with respect to precipitation, there are actually four distinctive clusters of precipitation amount, showing climatic variability across the Peninsula. The analyses also show that droughts in the Peninsula are regionalised. Twelve-month Standardized Precipitation Indices (SPI), calculated for individual stations and for precipitation surfaces, reveal distinct patterns of spatial and temporal variability. SPI surfaces indicate the occurrence of major droughts in 1981, 1986–1987, 1994, 1996, 2003, 2004 and 2009, but these rarely affect the whole Yucatan Peninsula uniformly. Wetter years, such as 1983, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1995, 2002 and 2005 sometimes reflect the impact of individual extreme events, such as hurricane Isidore in 2002. Our results show that drought can be regionalised, thus enhancing the quality of information about droughts in the area and providing evidence and support for future drought mitigation and environmental protection. These methods could usefully be applied elsewhere

Risk factors for non-diabetic renal disease in diabetic patients

Background. Diabetic patients with kidney disease have a high prevalence of non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD). Renal and patient survival regarding the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) or NDRD have not been widely studied. The aim of our study is to evaluate the prevalence of NDRD in patients with diabetes and to determine the capacity of clinical and analytical data in the prediction of NDRD. In addition, we will study renal and patient prognosis according to the renal biopsy findings in patients with diabetes. Methods. Retrospective multicentre observational study of renal biopsies performed in patients with diabetes from 2002 to 2014. Results. In total, 832 patients were included: 621 men (74.6%), mean age of 61.7 6 12.8 years, creatinine was 2.8 6 2.2 mg/dL and proteinuria 2.7 (interquartile range: 1.2–5.4) g/24 h. About 39.5% (n ¼ 329) of patients had DN, 49.6% (n ¼ 413) NDRD and 10.8% (n ¼ 90) mixed forms. The most frequent NDRD was nephroangiosclerosis (NAS) (n ¼ 87, 9.3%). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, older age [odds ratio (OR) ¼ 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02–1.05, P < 0.001], microhaematuria (OR ¼ 1.51, 95% CI: 1.03–2.21, P ¼ 0.033) and absence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) (OR ¼ 0.28, 95% CI: 0.19–0.42, P < 0.001) were independently associated with NDRD. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with DN or mixed forms presented worse renal prognosis than NDRD (P < 0.001) and higher mortality (P ¼ 0.029). In multivariate Cox analyses, older age (P < 0.001), higher serum creatinine (P < 0.001), higher proteinuria (P < 0.001), DR (P ¼ 0.007) and DN (P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for renal replacement therapy. In addition, older age (P < 0.001), peripheral vascular disease (P ¼ 0.002), higher creatinine (P ¼ 0.01) and DN (P ¼ 0.015) were independent risk factors for mortality. Conclusions. The most frequent cause of NDRD is NAS. Elderly patients with microhaematuria and the absence of DR are the ones at risk for NDRD. Patients with DN presented worse renal prognosis and higher mortality than those with NDRD. These results suggest that in some patients with diabetes, kidney biopsy may be useful for an accurate renal diagnosis and subsequently treatment and prognosis

Pinturas murales de la casa de Ariadna (Pompeya, Italia): un estudio multidisciplinar de su estado actual enfocado a una futura restauración y conservación preventiva

[EN] This paper deals with the development of a multidisciplinary study on the current state of conservation of Ariadne’s house (Pompeii, Italy), a domus of great archaeological value. The aim of this study is to undertake the preventive conservation actions required and increase the knowledge about its conservation and to generate discussions and points of view for a future restoration. Environmental studies, electromagnetic radiation measurements, study of materials and a photographical study were carried out. Those studies revealed that the rooftops covering the analyzed rooms resulting in adverse weather conditions causing grave damage to the conservation of the wall paintings. Thus, between 2009-2010 the rooftops were changed and new environmental studies were conducted. Studies of materials showed that the paintings match in execution and composition with those reported by other authors. The salts from modern mortars from previous restorations were affecting frescoes, also it is described a thin grayish surface layer from environmental contaminants.[ES] Este trabajo desarrolla un estudio multidisciplinar sobre el actual estado de conservación de la casa de Ariadna (Pompeya, Italia), domus de gran valor arqueológico. El objetivo es aumentar el conocimiento del estado actual de conservación de la casa para la discusión de una futura restauración. Para ello se realizaron estudios ambientales, mediciones de radiación electromagnética, estudio de materiales y un estudio fotográfico. Los estudios revelaron que los tejados que cubrían las salas analizadas estaban originando unas condiciones climatológicas adversas que se traducían en un grave daño para la conservación de las pinturas murales. Entre 2009-2010 se cambiaron las cubiertas y los estudios ambientales fueron repetidos. Los estudios de materiales demostraron que las pinturas coinciden en ejecución y composición con las señaladas por otros autores. Las sales procedentes de morteros modernos de anteriores restauraciones afectaban a las pinturas, también se describe una fina capa superficial de tonalidad grisácea procedente de contaminantes ambientales.This work was partially supported by the Spanish "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion" under projects HAR2010-21944-C02-01 and HAR2010-21944-C02-02. The authors are grateful to J. Minguez for his English grammar corrections.Pérez García, MDC.; García Diego, FJ.; Merello Giménez, P.; D'antoni, P.; Fernández Navajas, A.; Ribera I Lacomba, A.; Ferrazza, L.... (2013). Ariadne's house (Pompeii, Italy) wall paintings: A multidisciplinary study of its present state focused on a future restoration and preventive conservation. Materiales de Construcción. 63(311):449-467. https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2012.00812S4494676331

Resolver problemas sociales: hacia una metodología de nodos articuladores (Complexus 11)

Los autores nos comparten sus experiencias y búsquedas, desde sus enfoques teóricos particulares y al mismo tiempo desde un trabajo de interconexión intrauniversitaria para la producción de conocimiento, metodologías y herramientas orientadas a solucionar integralmente problemáticas sociales complejas y con escenarios cambiantes