Effects of seeding rate on forage yield and quality of vetch (Vicia sativa L.) - triticale (Triticosecale Wittm.) mixtures under east mediterranean rainfed conditions

This study was carried to determine the best seed mixture of vetch and triticale for East Mediterranean rainfed conditions of Turkey. The experiments were conducted in two locations, Adana and Kozan,during the years of 2003 - 2005. The field trials were arranged in a randomised block design with three replications. In the research, pure stands of vetch and triticale and their seed mixtures (80% vetch +20% triticale, 60% vetch + 40% triticale, 40% vetch + 60% triticale, 20% vetch + 80% triticale) were studied. Crude protein concentrations, hay and crude protein yields of pure stands and the mixtures and the percentage of vetch in the dry matter yield were determined. In addition to these, relative yield total (RYT) values were calculated for the mixtures. The study showed that the characters studied were significantly influenced by years, locations and mixtures. According to the averaged values of twoyears, the seed mixture containing 20% vetch and 80% triticale gave highest dry matter yield with an average vetch content of 23.5% under Adana conditions, while the seed mixture of 40% Vetch + 60%triticale gave the highest dry matter yield with an average vetch content of 10% under Kozan conditions. RYT values for the mentioned mixtures were 1.12 and 1.20, respectively. It was concluded that the above mixtures of vetch and triticale could be recommended for the locations in Adana and Kozan, respectively

Do diagnostic delays in cancer matter?

background: The United Kingdom has poorer cancer outcomes than many other countries due partly to delays in diagnosing symptomatic cancer, leading to more advanced stage at diagnosis. Delays can occur at the level of patients, primary care, systems and secondary care. There is considerable potential for interventions to minimise delays and lead to earlier-stage diagnosis. methods: Scoping review of the published studies, with a focus on methodological issues. results: Trial data in this area are lacking and observational studies often show no association or negative ones. This review offers methodological explanations for these counter-intuitive findings. conclusion: While diagnostic delays do matter, their importance is uncertain and must be determined through more sophisticated methods

Critical Role of NADPH Oxidase in Neuronal Oxidative Damage and Microglia Activation following Traumatic Brain Injury

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is known to play an important role in the pathology of traumatic brain injury. Mitochondria are thought to be the major source of the damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) following TBI. However, recent work has revealed that the membrane, via the enzyme NADPH oxidase can also generate the superoxide radical (O(2)(-)), and thereby potentially contribute to the oxidative stress following TBI. The current study thus addressed the potential role of NADPH oxidase in TBI. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The results revealed that NADPH oxidase activity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal CA1 region increases rapidly following controlled cortical impact in male mice, with an early peak at 1 h, followed by a secondary peak from 24-96 h after TBI. In situ localization using oxidized hydroethidine and the neuronal marker, NeuN, revealed that the O(2)(-) induction occurred in neurons at 1 h after TBI. Pre- or post-treatment with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin markedly inhibited microglial activation and oxidative stress damage. Apocynin also attenuated TBI-induction of the Alzheimer's disease proteins β-amyloid and amyloid precursor protein. Finally, both pre- and post-treatment of apocynin was also shown to induce significant neuroprotection against TBI. In addition, a NOX2-specific inhibitor, gp91ds-tat was also shown to exert neuroprotection against TBI. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: As a whole, the study demonstrates that NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide production exhibit a biphasic elevation in the hippocampus and cortex following TBI, which contributes significantly to the pathology of TBI via mediation of oxidative stress damage, microglial activation, and AD protein induction in the brain following TBI

Effects of different priming treatments on seed germination properties, yield components and grain yield of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

An experiment was conducted under laboratory and field conditions in order to evaluate the effects of different priming treatments, specifically KNO3 (1%), KCl (2%), KH2PO4 (1%), ZnSO4 (0.05%), PEG-6000 (20%), IBA (100 ppm), Mannitol (4%), GA3 (100 ppm) and distilled water, on seed germination properties and several agro-morphological plant characteristics of red lentil. Seeds not primed were used as a control. GA3 treatment increased shoot length. The control (non-primed seeds) treatment resulted in increased seedling root number and length. Distilled water, ZnSO4 and control treatments increased germination rate and percentage. In the pot experiments, GA3 treatment increased plant height and seedling emergence rate, whereas KCl treatment improved the number of nodules, as well as root and shoot dry weight when compared to the control. ZnSO4 treatment increased yield components and grain yield in field conditions. The results of this study showed that ZnSO4, GA3 and PEG-6000 seed priming treatments may be useful tools due to their positive effects on germination rate, germination percentage, yield component and grain yield of lentil

Modeling of Radial Flow on a Non-Contact End Effector for Robotic Handling of Non-Rigid Material

In this study a numerical model on radial flow and pressure distribution showing regions of negative values which tendto levitate products is developed. The end effector operates on the principle of generating a high-speed fluid flowbetween the end effector and product surface thereby creating a vacuum which levitates the product. The Navier-Stokes equations and the equation of continuity describing the flow between the nozzle and material are numericallysolved by finite volume discretization method. The lifting forces and conditions are discussed by comparing numericalresults with experimental findings

Genetic analysis of kernel size and kernel weight in bread wheat (T. aestivum L.)

In order to estimate genetic parameters, heterosis and heritability for the kernel size and kernel weight, three bread wheat genotypes 84 CZT 04 (large-kerneled), Panda (medium-kerneled) and Bow S/CrowS (small-kerneled) were reciprocal crossed in six combinations. Means of the six populations (P 1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) were used to estimate genetic parameters. Generation mean analyses of genetic effects indicated that large kernel ratio is dominant over thin kernel and high kernel weight is dominant over low. Heterosis ranged from 0.03 to 45.53% and 0.63 to 15.42% for large kernel ratio and kernel weight, respectively. Higher heterosis were detected in the crosses where large-kerneled parent used as female. Narrow-sense heritability estimates ranged from 60 to 99% for large kernel ratio and 23 to 100% for kernel weight. Additive (d) and dominance (h) effects were more consistent and important in determining large kernel ratio and also epistatic gene action is effective for kernel weight. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information

Nonlinear analysis of structures by Total Potential Optimization using Metaheuristic Algorithms (TPO/MA)

20th International Workshop of the European Group for Intelligent Computing in Engineering, EG-ICE 2013Structural analysis problems can be formulized as either root finding problems, or optimization problems. The general practice is to choose the first option directly or to convert the second option again to a root finding problem by taking relevant derivatives and equating them to zero. The second alternative is used very randomly as it is and that only for some simple demonstrative problems, most probably due to difficulty in solving optimization problems by classical methods. The method called Total Potential Optimization using Metaheuristic Algorithms (TPO/MA) described in this study successfully enables handling structural problems with optimization formulation. Using metaheuristic algorithms provides additional advantages in dealing with all kinds of constraints

Experimental and numerical investigation of pyrolysis of municipal solid waste with using computational fluid dynamics

In this study, experiments have been carried out to investigate the effect of temperature on the final product yield of pyrolysis of municipal solid waste. Also, the rotary kiln is numerically modeled, mass, energy, and momentum equations are derived. At the same time, a finite element model was constructed for a pyrolysis reactor designed at three different aspect ratios. A total of 81 computational fluids dynamics analyzes were carried out by using different values for inlet temperature, particle size, and rotation speed with data from Kocaeli province environmental situation report' 2015. According to the analysis conditions, where the maximum methane gas yield is obtained, the energy potential that can be obtained from the municipal solid wastes was calculated. It has been observed that the experimental data overlaps with the analysis in terms of methane yield. © 2021, TUBITAK. All rights reserved.2-s2.0-8510829429