168 research outputs found
Flavor constraints on two-Higgs-doublet models with general diagonal Yukawa couplings
We consider constraints from flavor physics on two-Higgs-doublet models
(2HDM) with general, flavor-diagonal, Yukawa couplings. Analyzing the charged
Higgs contribution to different observables, we find that
transitions and restrict the coupling of the
top quark (corresponding to in models with a symmetry) to
for GeV. Stringent constraints from
meson decays are obtained also on the other third generation couplings
and , but with stronger dependence on
. For the second generation, we obtain constraints on combinations of
, , and from leptonic and
decays. The limits on the general couplings are translated to the common
2HDM types I -- IV with a symmetry, and presented on the
plane. The flavor constraints are most excluding in the
type II model which lacks a decoupling limit in . We obtain a lower
limit GeV in models of type II and III, while no lower
bound on is found for types I and IV.Comment: 24 pages, 11 figures. v2: Minor changes to text and numerics, results
and conclusions unchanged. References adde
Charged Higgs bosons in Minimal Supersymmetry: Updated constraints and experimental prospects
We discuss the phenomenology of charged Higgs bosons in the MSSM with minimal
flavor violation. In addition to the constrained MSSM (CMSSM) with universal
soft supersymmetry breaking mass parameters at the GUT scale, we explore
non-universal Higgs mass models (NUHM) where this universality condition is
relaxed. To identify the allowed parameter space regions, we apply constraints
from direct searches, low energy observables, and cosmology. We find that
values of the charged Higgs mass as low as GeV can be
accommodated in the NUHM models, but that several flavor physics observables
disfavor large contributions, associated with high , quite
independently of MSSM scenario. We confront the constrained scenarios with the
discovery potentials reported by ATLAS and CMS, and find that the current
exclusion by indirect constraints is similar to the expected LHC discovery
reach with 30 fb of data. Finally, we evaluate the sensitivity of the
presented discovery potential to the choice of MSSM benchmark scenario. This
sensitivity is found to be higher in the case of a light ()
charged Higgs.Comment: 33 pages, 17 figures, v2: Minor revision, agrees with published
versio
Prospects for Lunar Satellite Detection of Radio Pulses from Ultrahigh Energy Neutrinos Interacting with the Moon
The Moon provides a huge effective detector volume for ultrahigh energy
cosmic neutrinos, which generate coherent radio pulses in the lunar surface
layer due to the Askaryan effect. In light of presently considered lunar
missions, we propose radio measurements from a Moon-orbiting satellite. First
systematic Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the detectability of Askaryan
pulses from neutrinos with energies above 10^{20} eV, i.e. near and above the
interesting GZK limit, at the very low fluxes predicted in different scenarios.Comment: RevTeX (4 pages, 2 figures). v2 includes updated results and extended
discussio
Transcultural adaptation and assessment of psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Scale for the Evaluation of Staff-Patient Interactions in Progress Notes
PurposeTo adapt the Scale for the Evaluation of Staff Patient Interactions in Progress Notes to Spanish and to test the psychometric properties. Design and methodsThe study was conducted in two phases: (1) Adaptation of the instrument to Spanish following the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. (2) Psychometric study in a sample of mental health nurses. FindingsThe Cronbach's alpha values were 0.97 for the total scale and 0.83 to 0.81 for each dimension. The inter-rater reliability values were between 0.94 and 0.97. Practice implicationsThe scale is a reliable tool for assessing nurses' clinical notes in relation to the quality of nurse-patient interactions
Physics at the e+ e- Linear Collider
A comprehensive review of physics at an e+e- Linear Collider in the energy
range of sqrt{s}=92 GeV--3 TeV is presented in view of recent and expected LHC
results, experiments from low energy as well as astroparticle physics.The
report focuses in particular on Higgs boson, Top quark and electroweak
precision physics, but also discusses several models of beyond the Standard
Model physics such as Supersymmetry, little Higgs models and extra gauge
bosons. The connection to cosmology has been analyzed as well.Comment: 179 pages, plots and references updated, version to be published at
EPJ
Prognostic implications of various models for calculation of S-phase fraction in 259 patients with soft tissue sarcoma
The S-phase fraction (SPF) in flow cytometric DNA histograms in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) can be calculated in various ways. The traditional planimetric method of Baisch has been shown to be prognostic, but is hampered by a failure rate of around 40%. We therefore tested other models to see if this rate could be decreased with retained prognostic value. In 259 STS of the locomotor system the SPF was calculated according to Baisch and with commercial parametric MultiCycle software using different corrections for background. Using the Baisch model, 159 histograms could be evaluated for SPF. The 5-year metastasis-free survival rate (MFSR) was 0.94 for the low-risk group (defined with SPF), and 0.53 for the high-risk group. In the low-risk group, four of the seven patients who developed metastasis did so after 5 years. Using the MultiCycle software, SPF could be calculated in 253 tumours. Depending on type of background correction used, the 5-year MFSR varied between 0.67 and 0.82 for the low-risk group, and between 0.47 and 0.53 for the high-risk group. The late metastasis pattern in the low-risk group was never seen using the MultiCycle software. We conclude that in paraffin archival material, calculation of SPF according to Baisch is preferable in clinical use due to better separation between low-risk and high-risk groups, and also the possibility to identify patients who metastasize late. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig
HiggsSignals: Confronting arbitrary Higgs sectors with measurements at the Tevatron and the LHC
Clinical significance of Akt and HER2/neu overexpression in African-American and Latina women with breast cancer
Intratumor heterogeneity of the estrogen receptor and the long-term risk of fatal Breast cancer
Background: Breast cancer patients with estrogen receptor (ER)–positive disease have a continuous long-term risk for fatal Breast cancer, but the biological factors influencing this risk are unknown. We aimed to determine whether high intratumor heterogeneity of ER predicts an increased long-term risk (25 years) of fatal Breast cancer. Methods: The STO-3 trial enrolled 1780 postmenopausal lymph node–negative Breast cancer patients randomly assigned to receive adjuvant tamoxifen vs not. The fraction of cancer cells for each ER intensity level was scored by Breast cancer pathologists, and intratumor heterogeneity of ER was calculated using Rao’s quadratic entropy and categorized into high and low heterogeneity using a predefined cutoff at the second tertile (67%). Long-term Breast cancer-specific survival analyses by in-tra-tumor heterogeneity of ER were performed using Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazard modeling adjusting for patient and tumor characteristics. Results: A statistically significant difference in long-term survival by high vs low intratumor heterogeneity of ER was seen for all ER-positive patients (P < .001) and for patients with luminal A subtype tumors (P ¼ .01). In multivariable analyses, patients with high intratumor heterogeneity of ER had a twofold increased long-term risk as compared with patients with low intratumor heterogeneity (ER-positive: hazard ratio [HR] ¼ 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] ¼ 1.31 to 3.00; luminal A subtype tumors: HR ¼ 2.43, 95% CI ¼ 1.18 to 4.99). Conclusions: Patients with high intratumor heterogeneity of ER had an increased long-term risk of fatal Breast cancer. Interestingly, a similar long-term risk increase was seen in patients with luminal A subtype tumors. Our findings suggest that intratumor heterogeneity of ER is an independent long-term prognosticator with potential to change clinical management, especially for patients with luminal A tumors
Neuromusculoskeletal disorders in the neck and upper extremities among drivers of all-terrain vehicles – a case series
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether professional drivers of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) with neck pain have a different array of neuromusculoskeletal disorders in the neck and upper extremities than a referent group with neck pain from the general population. It is hypothesized that exposure to shock-type vibration and unfavorable working postures in ATVs have the capacity to cause peripheral nervous lesions. METHODS: This study was based on a case series analyzed according to a case-case comparison design. The study population consisted of 60 male subjects, including professional drivers of forest machines (n = 15), snowmobiles (n = 15), snowgroomers (n = 15) and referents from the general population (n = 15) all of whom had reported neck pain in a questionnaire and underwent an extensive physical examination of the neck and upper extremities. Based on symptom history, symptoms and signs, and in some cases chemical, electroneurographical and radiological findings, subjects were classified as having a nociceptive or neuropathic disorder or a mix of these types. RESULTS: The occurrence of asymmetrical and focal neuropathies (peripheral nervous lesion), pure or in a mix with a nociceptive disorder was common among cases in the ATV driver groups (47%–79%). This contrasted with the referents that were less often classified as having asymmetrical and focal neuropathy (27%), but instead had more nociceptive disorders. The difference was most pronounced among drivers of snowgroomers, while drivers of forest machines were more frequently classified as having a nociceptive disorder originating in the muscles. CONCLUSION: This study found a high prevalence of assymetrical and focal neuropathies among drivers with pain in the neck, operating various ATVs. It seems as if exposure to shock-type whole-body vibration (WBV) and appurtenant unfavorable postures in ATVs may be associated to peripheral nervous lesions
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