762 research outputs found
Screening Environmental Impact Reduction Enabled by Brass Reclamation through Hot Forging Operations
The traditional method for recycling brass chips is to send the scrap back to the material manufacturer for re-melting. Alternatively, brass chips can be reclaimed through hot forging operations at the production site. As an initial screening of the environmental impact of this novel reclamation method, the impacts of this new method was compared to conventional brass production (including recycling) for a specific part. These two production routes were compared in terms of cumulative energy demand and climate change impact. The comparison between the two production routes showed that the new reclamation method reduced the cumulative energy demand with 29 % and climate change impact with 30 % for production of a specific part compared to conventional recycling. It is, however, important to note that the material produced using hot forging reclamation method have slightly lower mechanical properties as compared to the traditionally recycled material. Currently the novel recycling method is only tested in lab scale and therefore, further studies are needed in order to fully assess the environmental impacts of the new reclamation method compared to conventional brass production
Analysis of magnetic material in the human heart, spleen and liver
Isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) acquisition and alternating field (A.F.) demagnetization analyses were performed on human heart, spleen and liver samples resected from cadavers. The magnetic properties of the samples were measured both at 77K and at 273K. A.F. demagnetization was performed at 273K. Results from the analyses of the tissue indicate the presence of ferromagnetic, fine-grained, magnetically interacting particles which, due primarily to magnetic properties, are thought to be magnetite and/or maghemite. The presence of superparamagnetic particles can be inferred from the increase in saturation IRM values when measured at 77K compared with measurements at 273K and the decay of remanent magnetization upon warming from 77K. The concentration of magnetic material (assuming it is magnetite or maghemite) in the samples varies from 13.7 ng g-1 to 343 ng g-1, with the heart tissue generally having the highest concentration. The presence of magnetic material in these organs may have implications for the function of biogenic magnetite in the human bod
Direct current control of three magnon scattering processes in spin-valve nanocontacts
We have investigated the generation of spin waves in the free layer of an
extended spin-valve structure with a nano-scaled point contact driven by both
microwave and direct electric current using Brillouin light scattering
microscopy. Simultaneously with the directly excited spin waves, strong
nonlinear effects are observed, namely the generation of eigenmodes with
integer multiple frequencies (2 \emph{f}, 3 \emph{f}, 4 \emph{f}) and modes
with non-integer factors (0.5 \emph{f}, 1.5 \emph{f}) with respect to the
excitation frequency \emph{f}. The origin of these nonlinear modes is traced
back to three magnon scattering processes. The direct current influence on the
generation of the fundamental mode at frequency \emph{f} can be related to the
spin-transfer torque, while the efficiency of three-magnon-scattering processes
is controlled by the Oersted field as an additional effect of the direct
current
Optics in Curved Space
We experimentally study the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic curvature of space on the evolution of light. We show that the topology of a surface matters for radii of curvature comparable with the wavelength, whereas for macroscopically curved surfaces only intrinsic curvature is relevant. On a surface with constant positive Gaussian curvature we observe periodic refocusing, self-imaging, and diffractionless propagation. In contrast, light spreads exponentially on surfaces with constant negative Gaussian curvature. For the first time we realized two beam interference in negatively curved space
Subcutaneous Haemangiosarcoma in a Cockatiel ( Nymphicus hollandicus )
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74932/1/j.1439-0442.2006.00825.x.pd
NS1 Specific CD8(+) T-Cells with Effector Function and TRBV11 Dominance in a Patient with Parvovirus B19 Associated Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy
Background: Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is the most commonly detected virus in endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) from patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy (DCMi). Despite the importance of T-cells in antiviral defense, little is known about the role of B19V specific T-cells in this entity.
Methodology and Principal Findings: An exceptionally high B19V viral load in EMBs (115,091 viral copies/mg nucleic acids), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum was measured in a DCMi patient at initial presentation, suggesting B19V viremia. The B19V viral load in EMBs had decreased substantially 6 and 12 months afterwards, and was not traceable in PBMCs and the serum at these times. Using pools of overlapping peptides spanning the whole B19V proteome, strong CD8(+) T-cell responses were elicited to the 10-amico-acid peptides SALKLAIYKA (19.7% of all CD8(+) cells) and QSALKLAIYK (10%) and additional weaker responses to GLCPHCINVG (0.71%) and LLHTDFEQVM (0.06%). Real-time RT-PCR of IFN gamma secretion-assay-enriched T-cells responding to the peptides, SALKLAIYKA and GLCPHCINVG, revealed a disproportionately high T-cell receptor Vbeta (TRBV) 11 expression in this population. Furthermore, dominant expression of type-1 (IFN gamma, IL2, IL27 and Tbet) and of cytotoxic T-cell markers (Perforin and Granzyme B) was found, whereas gene expression indicating type-2 (IL4, GATA3) and regulatory T-cells (FoxP3) was low.
Conclusions: Our results indicate that B19V Ag-specific CD8(+) T-cells with effector function are involved in B19V associated DCMi. In particular, a dominant role of TRBV11 and type-1/CTL effector cells in the T-cell mediated antiviral immune response is suggested. The persistence of B19V in the endomyocardium is a likely antigen source for the maintenance of CD8(+) T-cell responses to the identified epitopes
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Magnetization Dynamics of an Individual Single-Crystalline Fe-Filled Carbon Nanotube
The magnetization dynamics of individual Fe-filled multiwall carbon-nanotubes (FeCNT), grown by chemical vapor deposition, are investigated by microresonator ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and Brillouin light scattering (BLS) microscopy and corroborated by micromagnetic simulations. Currently, only static magnetometry measurements are available. They suggest that the FeCNTs consist of a single-crystalline Fe nanowire throughout the length. The number and structure of the FMR lines and the abrupt decay of the spin-wave transport seen in BLS indicate, however, that the Fe filling is not a single straight piece along the length. Therefore, a stepwise cutting procedure is applied in order to investigate the evolution of the ferromagnetic resonance lines as a function of the nanowire length. The results show that the FeCNT is indeed not homogeneous along the full length but is built from 300 to 400 nm long single-crystalline segments. These segments consist of magnetically high quality Fe nanowires with almost the bulk values of Fe and with a similar small damping in relation to thin films, promoting FeCNTs as appealing candidates for spin-wave transport in magnonic applications. © 2019 The Authors. Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinhei
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