The Potato Industry of the State of Maine

A thesis presented to the faculty and trustees of the University of Maine for the attainment of the degree of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture, Orono, Maine, June 1907. A study of methods employed in growing and handling the potato crop compared with those of other large potato-producing states including Michigan, New York, Colorado, Vermont, Wyoming, and others. Fifty surveys were sent to Maine farmers to ask questions, including How many acres are in your farm? Do you practice crop rotation? How many do you employ and at what wages? Do you live on a trolley line or a railroad? The author summarizes responses received for each question

The Role of Infant Temperament in Stability and Change in Coparenting Across the First Year of Life

The current study investigated the role of infant temperament in stability and change in coparenting behavior across the infant’s first year. Specifically, bidirectional relations between infant temperament and coparenting were examined and temperament was further considered as a moderator of longitudinal stability in coparenting behavior

a Função de Orientador Argumentativo dos Rotulos em Artigo de Opinião: uma Questão de Entonação de Valores Sociais

À luz de uma perspectiva sociointeracionista, este trabalho tem como objetivo pesquisar o processo referenciação através dos rótulos (expressões nominais que sumarizam porções de texto), evidenciando a função de orientador argumentativo desempenhada por essas expressões. Assumida a perspectiva teórica, entendemos que o real é fabricado através de nossas práticas sociais e discursivas. Assim, ao contrário de concebermos que a relação entre linguagem e mundo se dá de forma direta e especular, defendemos as versões públicas do mundo (MONDADA e DUBOIS 2003[1995]). A fim de buscar o objetivo proposto, trazemos para o nosso texto a concepção filosófica bakthiniana de valoração (BAKTHIN, 1993[1920-24]), com o intuito de mostrar que, ao construir o objeto de discurso, o sujeito seleciona as formas linguísticas que melhor se adaptem ao seu projeto de dizer. No entanto, essas escolhas não emanam de um sujeito solitário; pelo contrário, são usadas por um sujeito que é singular e social, simultaneamente, que rejeita e assume diversos valores sociais, os quais determinam a forma e o conteúdo de seu enunciado e com os quais convive. Os textos utilizados exemplificar o que é discutido nessa pesquisa são três artigos de opinião publicados no jornal A Gazeta, selecionados no período de agosto a dezembro de 2009. Para a análise dos textos tomamos uma postura dialógica a fim de explicitar que o posicionamento assumido pelo articulista na construção do objeto de discurso é dialógico, pois responde a outros enunciados e entoa uma avaliação que não emana de um sujeito isolado, mas social. Desse modo, acreditamos que a função de orientador argumentativo dos rótulos é mais bem compreendida se levarmos em consideração a corrente dialógica na qual se insere o uso dessas expressões. Palavras-chave: Referenciação; Objeto de discurso; Rotulação; Dialogia; Valoração

Conceptual comparison of constructs as first step in data harmonization: Parental sensitivity, child temperament, and social support as illustrations

This article presents a strategy for the initial step of data harmonization in Individual Participant Data syntheses, i.e., making decisions as to which measures operationalize the constructs of interest - and which do not. This step is vital in the process of data harmonization, because a study can only be as good as its measures. If the construct validity of the measures is in question, study results are questionable as well. Our proposed strategy for data harmonization consists of three steps. First, a unitary construct is defined based on the existing literature, preferably on the theoretical framework surrounding the construct. Second, the various instruments used to measure the construct are evaluated as operationalizations of this construct, and retained or excluded based on this evaluation. Third, the scores of the included measures are recoded on the same metric. We illustrate the use of this method with three example constructs focal to the Collaboration on Attachment Transmission Synthesis (CATS) study: parental sensitivity, child temperament, and social support. This process description may aid researchers in their data pooling studies, filling a gap in the literature on the first step of data harmonization. • Data harmonization in studies using combined datasets is of vital importance for the validity of the study results. • We have developed and illustrated a strategy on how to define a unitary construct and evaluate whether instruments are operationalizations of this construct as the initial step in the harmonization process. • This strategy is a transferable and reproducible method to apply to the data harmonization process

Examining Ecological Constraints on the Intergenerational Transmission of Attachment Via Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis

Parents\u2019 attachment representations and child\u2013parent attachment have been shown to be associated, but these associations vary across populations (Verhage et al., 2016). The current study examined whether ecological factors may explain variability in the strength of intergenerational transmission of attachment, using individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. Analyses on 4,396 parent\u2013child dyads (58 studies, child age 11\u201396 months) revealed a combined effect size of r =.29. IPD meta-analyses revealed that effect sizes for the transmission of autonomous-secure representations to secure attachments were weaker under risk conditions and weaker in adolescent parent\u2013child dyads, whereas transmission was stronger for older children. Findings support the ecological constraints hypothesis on attachment transmission. Implications for attachment theory and the use of IPD meta-analysis are discusse

Brothers and sisters in China: no longer the one-child family

Following the end of the one-child-policy in China in 2016 and the gradual relaxation of only-one child per family in selected areas prior to that, family composition and relationship dynamics, especially siblings relationship within the Chinese familial context has gone through a rapid growth and some significant changes as a result of the introduction of the two-child policy. This policy change, with the possibility of adding another child into the family may have profound implications on the family system, its functioning and care relations among those living in China (Chen in The second child: Family transition and adjustment. Shanghai Educational Publishing House, Shanghai, China, 2018). First, this chapter considers the existing studies related to Chinese familial culture within the context of its population policy that has dominated family life in China in the past three decades. This chapter will then review empirical findings on role of Chinese parents in the development of sibling's relationships such as sibling conflict and social comparison; how their co-parenting behaviour and personal siblings experience may hinder or promote better siblings' relations. The chapter will also draw on existing research findings on the adaptation and adjustments of Chinese firstborn children during this transition into siblinghood. Finally, the chapter summarises and discusses the unique characteristics of sibling relationships within the Chinese context and its implication for family dynamics and the development of the new generation in China. Themes for future investigation are also suggested

Short-range versus long-range structure in Cu(In,Ga)Se2, Cu(In,Ga)3Se5, and Cu(In,Ga)5Se8

The Cu-poor phases Cu(In,Ga) 3 Se 5 and Cu(In,Ga) 5 Se 8 play an important role both for understanding the Cu-(In,Ga)-Se material system and for growing high-efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 thin film solar cells. Using extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, we have studied the element-specific short-range structure of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 , Cu(In,Ga) 3 Se 5 , and Cu(In,Ga) 5 Se 8 alloys spanning the entire compositional range. The materials feature different local atomic arrangements and the element-specific average bond lengths remain nearly constant despite significant changes of the lattice constants with increasing In to Ga ratio and decreasing Cu content. In particular, the average bond lengths of Cu-Se and Ga-Se are almost identical while the average In-Se bond length is significantly longer in all three phases. The distance between lattice sites with mixed site occupation therefore corresponds to the weighted average of different element-specific bond lengths rather than to the individual bond lengths themselves. Furthermore, the increasing number of vacancies with decreasing Cu content lead to both a significant unit cell contraction and a slight bond length expansion. The crystallographic long-range structure and the element-specific short-range structure thus describe different structural aspects that are certainly interrelated but obviously not identical