120 research outputs found
The interplay between residential location and cycling choice: the case of two metropolitan areas in Sardinia, Italy
The current paper aims to enrich the current understanding of the link between the choice of residential location, the propensity to cycle to work and the propensity to cycle for non-commuting purposes. To highlight the relationship among these choice dimensions we used a composite econometric model that allows for the joint modelling of multiple outcomes. Residential location and cycling propensities are modelled as a function of socio-demographic and level-of-service variables. The inclusion of common error terms allows us to control for self-selection and unobserved effects that can simultaneously influence the underlying propensities. The data for this study is drawn from a survey conducted in the metropolitan areas of Cagliari and Sassari (Sardinia, Italy) in 2016 among a sample of local employees. The sample comprises 2,128 observations. Our results indicate that a significant portion of unobserved variance between the residential location choice and the propensity to cycle for non-commuting reasons exists, suggesting the presence of a self-selection effect
Molecular Lines in Bok Globules and Around Herbig Ae/be Stars
This paper is intended as part of a more extensive molecular line survey in
star forming regions along the evolutionary track of a collapsing cloud toward
a young stellar object. We have studied a sample of seven small dark clouds
(Bok globules) and eight Herbig Ae/Be stars in the J=1->0 transition of
HCO, HCO, HCN and HCN. The choice of these molecules
is determined by the simple chemistry and the predicted high abundance of the
reactants leading to their formation. The isotopically substituted species
(isotopomers), HCO and HCN, were observed in order to
determine, whenever possible, the optical thickness of the main species. The
most abundant isotopomers were found in almost all the sources (detection rate
70-90\%). Those sources which exhibited the strongest signals were also
searched for the C isotopomers. HCO was found in one dark
cloud and around three Herbig Ae/Be stars, while HCN around only one
star. The column densities for each species and the physical conditions of the
objects were derived whenever the observational data allowed it.Comment: 16 pages plus 6 figures available in hardcopy from
[email protected] LaTEX ver. 2.09, BAP 11-1993-036-DD
33.8 GHz CCS Survey of Molecular Cores in Dark Clouds
We have conducted a survey of the CCS line toward 11 dark
clouds and star-forming regions at 30 arcsec spatial resolution and 0.054 km/s
velocity resolution. CCS was only detected in quiescent clouds, not in active
star-forming regions. The CCS distribution shows remarkable clumpy structure,
and 25 clumps are identified in 7 clouds. Seven clumps with extremely narrow
nonthermal linewidths < 0.1 km/s are among the most quiescent clumps ever
found. The CCS clumps tend to exist around the higher density regions traced by
NH_3 emission or submillimeter continuum sources, and the distribution is not
spherically symmetric. Variation of the CCS abundance was suggested as an
indicator of the evolutionary status of star formation. However, we can only
find a weak correlation between N(CCS) and . The velocity
distributions of CCS clouds reveal that a systematic velocity pattern generally
exists. The most striking feature in our data is a ring structure in the
position-velocity diagram of L1544 with an well-resolved inner hole of 0.04 pc
x 0.13 km/s and an outer boundary of 0.16 pc x 0.55 km/s. This
position-velocity structure clearly indicates an edge-on disk or ring geometry,
and it can be interpreted as a collapsing disk with an infall velocity
0.1 km/s and a rotational velocity less than our velocity resolution.
Nonthermal linewidth distribution is generally coherent in CCS clouds, which
could be evidence for the termination of Larson's Law at small scales,
0.1 pc.Comment: 21 pages, 25 ostscript figures, accepted for publication in the
Supplement Series of the Astrophysical Journal (May 2000
High-Resolution Molecular Line Observations of the Environment of the Class 0 Source B1-IRS
In this work we present VLA observations of the NH3, CCS, and H2O maser
emission at 1 cm from the star forming region B1-IRS (IRAS 03301+3057) with ~
5" (=1750 AU) of angular resolution. CCS emission is distributed in three
clumps around the central source. These clumps exhibit a velocity gradient from
red- to blueshifted velocities toward B1-IRS, probably due to an interaction
with the outflow from an embedded protostar. The outflow and its powering
source are traced by a reflection nebula and an associated infrared point
source detected in a 2MASS K-band image. We find that this infrared point
source is associated with water maser emission distributed in an elongated
structure (~ 450 AU size) along the major axis of the reflection nebula and
tracing the base of the outflow of the region. Ammonia emission is extended and
spatially anticorrelated with CCS. This is the first time that this kind of
anticorrelation is observed in a star forming region with such a high angular
resolution, and illustrates the importance of time-dependent chemistry on small
spatial scales. The relatively large abundance of CCS with respect to ammonia,
compared with other star forming regions, suggests an extreme youth for the
B1-IRS object (<10E+5 yr). We suggest the possibility that CCS abundance is
enhanced via shock-induced chemistry.Comment: 31 pages, 9 figures. Accepted by The Astrophysical Journa
CPX-351 treatment in secondary acute myeloblastic leukemia is effective and improves the feasibility of allogeneic stem cell transplantation: results of the Italian compassionate use program
Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) poorly responds to conventional treatments and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We evaluated toxicity and efficacy of CPX-351 in 71 elderly patients (median age 66 years) with sAML enrolled in the Italian Named (Compassionate) Use Program. Sixty days treatment-related mortality was 7% (5/71). The response rate at the end of treatment was: CR/CRi in 50/71 patients (70.4%), PR in 6/71 (8.5%), and NR in 10/71 (19.7%). After a median follow-up of 11 months relapse was observed in 10/50 patients (20%) and 12 months cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was 23.6%. Median duration of response was not reached. In competing risk analysis, CIR was reduced when HSCT was performed in first CR (12 months CIR of 5% and 37.4%, respectively, for patients receiving (=20) or not (=30) HSCT, p = 0.012). Twelve-months OS was 68.6% (median not reached). In landmark analysis, HSCT in CR1 was the only significant predictor of longer survival (12 months OS of 100 and 70.5%, for patients undergoing or not HSCT in CR1, respectively, p = 0.011). In conclusion, we extend to a real-life setting, the notion that CPX is an effective regimen for high risk AML patients and may improve the results of HSCT
Incidence, treatment and outcome of central nervous system relapse in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients treated front-line with paediatric-inspired regimens: A retrospective multicentre Campus ALL study
Within the Campus ALL network we analyzed the incidence, characteristics, treatment and outcome of a central nervous system (CNS) relapse in 1035 consecutive adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients treated frontline with pediatric-inspired protocols between 2009 and 2020. Seventy-one patients (6.8%) experienced a CNS recurrence, more frequently in T- (28/278; 10%) than in B-ALL (43/757; 5.7%) (p = 0.017). An early CNS relapse—< 12 months from diagnosis—was observed in 41 patients. In multivariate analysis, risk factors for early CNS relapse included T-cell phenotype (p = <0.001), hyperleucocytosis >100 × 109/L (p<0.001) and male gender (p = 0.015). Treatment was heterogeneous, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, intrathecal therapy and novel agents. A complete remission (CR) was obtained in 39 patients (55%) with no differences among strategies. After CR, 26 patients underwent an allogenic transplant, with a significant overall survival benefit compared to non-transplanted patients (p = 0.012). After a median observation of 8 months from CNS relapse, 23 patients (32%) were alive. In multivariate analysis, the time to CNS relapse was the strongest predictor of a lower 2-year post-relapse survival (p<0.001). In conclusion, in adult ALL the outcome after a CNS relapse remains very poor. Effective CNS prophylaxis remains the best approach and allogenic transplant should be pursued when possible
A sensitive survey for water maser emission towards Bok globules using the Robledo 70m antenna
We report the most sensitive water maser survey towards Bok globules to date,
using NASA's 70m antenna in Robledo de Chavela (Spain). We observed 207
positions within the CB catalog with a higher probability of harboring a young
star, using as selection criteria the presence of radio continuum emission
(from submillimeter to centimeter wavelengths), geometrical centers of
molecular outflows, peaks in maps of high-density gas tracers (NH3 or CS), and
IRAS point sources. We have obtained 7 maser detections, 6 of which (in CB 34,
CB 54, CB 65, CB 101, CB 199, and CB 232) are reported for the first time here.
Most of the water masers we detected are likely to be associated with young
stellar objects (YSOs), except for CB 101 (probably an evolved object) and CB
65 (uncertain nature). The water maser in CB 199 shows a relatively high shift
(~30 km/s) of its velocity centroid with respect to the cloud velocity, which
is unusual for low-mass YSOs. We speculate that high-velocity masers in this
kind of object could be related with episodes of energetic mass-loss in close
binaries. Alternatively, the maser in CB 199 could be pumped by a
protoplanetary or a young planetary nebula. CB 232 is the smallest Bok globule
(~0.6 pc) known to be associated with water maser emission, although it would
be superseded by the cases of CB 65 (~0.3 pc) and CB 199 (~0.5 pc) if their
association with YSOs is confirmed. All our selection criteria have
statistically compatible detection rates, except for IRAS sources, which tend
to be a somewhat worse predictor for the presence of maser emission.Comment: 42 pages, 7 figures. Accepted by The Astronomical Journal. Corrected
typos in Tables 1 &
High-resolution observations of water masers in Bok globules
We present Very Large Array observations at 1.3 cm of several water maser
detections obtained by previous single-dish studies of Bok globules in the
Clemens & Barvainis (1988; CB) catalog. We report water maser emission in CB 3
(CB3-mm), CB 54 (IRAS 07020-1618), CB 101 (IRAS 17503-0833), and CB 232 (IRAS
21352+4307), and non-detection towards CB 65 (IRAS 16277-2332) and CB 205 (IRAS
19433+2743). These are the first reported interferometric observations of water
masers in Bok globules of the CB catalog. We also present single-dish
observations of millimeter and centimeter spectral lines towards CB 101 (IRAS
17503-0833) and CB 65 (IRAS 16277-2332). All the maser emission seems to be
associated with star forming regions hosting bipolar molecular outflows, except
IRAS 17503-0833 in CB 101, which we suggest to be a possible Mira evolved star,
and IRAS 16277-2332 in CB 65, of unknown nature. We have used the precise
position of the maser emission to derive information about the powering source
of the masers. By analyzing the spatio-kinematical distribution of the water
masers, we confirm the millimeter source CB 3-mm as the most likely powering
source of the CB 3 masers. We propose the near-IR source CB 232 YC1-I as the
best candidate for pumping the maser emission observed in CB 232, while in CB
54, we suggest that the pumping source of the masers could be located at the
position of an elongated feature observed in near-infrared maps.Comment: 29 pages, 6 figures. Accepted by The Astronomical Journa
CID: Chemistry in disks VI.sulfur-bearing molecules in the protoplanetary disks surrounding LkCa15, MWC480, DM Tau, and GO Tau
We study the content in S-bearing molecules of protoplanetary disks around
low-mass stars. We used the new IRAM 30-m receiver EMIR to perform simultaneous
observations of the line of HS at 168.8 GHz and
line of SO at 99.3 GHz. We compared the observational results
with predictions coming from the astrochemical code NAUTILUS, which has been
adapted to protoplanetary disks. The data were analyzed together with existing
CS J=3-2 observations. We fail to detect the SO and HS lines, although CS
is detected in LkCa15, DM\,Tau, and GO\,Tau but not in MWC\,480. However, our
new upper limits are significantly better than previous ones and allow us to
put some interesting constraints on the sulfur chemistry. Our best modeling of
disks is obtained for a C/O ratio of 1.2, starting from initial cloud
conditions of H density of cm and age of yr. The
results agree with the CS data and are compatible with the SO upper limits, but
fail to reproduce the HS upper limits. The predicted HS column
densities are too high by at least one order of magnitude. HS may remain
locked onto grain surfaces and react with other species, thereby preventing the
desorption of HS
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