1,115 research outputs found
Infinite impulse response modal filtering in visible adaptive optics
Diffraction limited resolution adaptive optics (AO) correction in visible
wavelengths requires a high performance control. In this paper we investigate
infinite impulse response filters that optimize the wavefront correction: we
tested these algorithms through full numerical simulations of a
single-conjugate AO system comprising an adaptive secondary mirror with 1127
actuators and a pyramid wavefront sensor (WFS). The actual practicability of
the algorithms depends on both robustness and knowledge of the real system:
errors in the system model may even worsen the performance. In particular we
checked the robustness of the algorithms in different conditions, proving that
the proposed method can reject both disturbance and calibration errors
The MSSM from Scherk-Schwarz Supersymmetry Breaking
We present a five-dimensional model compactified on an interval where
supersymmetry is broken by the Scherk-Schwarz mechanism. The gauge sector
propagates in the bulk, two Higgs hypermultiplets are quasilocalized, and quark
and lepton multiplets localized, in one of the boundaries. The effective
four-dimensional theory is the MSSM with very heavy gauginos, heavy squarks and
light sleptons and Higgsinos. The soft tree-level squared masses of the Higgs
sector can be negative and they can (partially) cancel the positive one-loop
contributions from the gauge sector. Electroweak symmetry breaking can then
comfortably be triggered by two-loop radiative corrections from the top-stop
sector. The fine tuning required to obtain the electroweak scale is found to be
much smaller than in the MSSM, with essentially no fine-tuning for few TeV
gaugino masses. All bounds from direct Higgs searches at LEP and from
electroweak precision observables can be satisfied. The lightest supersymmetric
particle is a (Higgsino-like) neutralino that can accomodate the abundance of
Dark Matter consistently with recent WMAP observations.Comment: 23 pages, 3 figure
User-centred design of a digital advisory service: enhancing public agricultural extension for sustainable intensification in Tanzania
Sustainable intensification (SI) is promoted as a rural development paradigm for sub-Saharan Africa. Achieving SI requires smallholder farmers to have access to information that is context-specific, increases their decision-making capacities, and adapts to changing environments. Current extension services often struggle to address these needs. New mobile phone-based services can help. In order to enhance the public extension service in Tanzania, we created a digital service that addresses smallholder farmers’ different information needs for implementing SI. Using a co-design methodology – User-Centered Design – we elicited feedback from farmers and extension agents in Tanzania to create a new digital information service, called Ushauri. This automated hotline gives farmers access to a set of pre-recorded messages. Additionally, farmers can ask questions in a mailbox. Extension agents then listen to these questions through an online platform, where they record and send replies via automated push-calls. A test with 97 farmers in Tanzania showed that farmers actively engaged with the service to access agricultural advice. Extension agents were able to answer questions with reduced workload compared to conventional communication channels. This study illustrates how User-Centered Design can be used to develop information services for complex and resource-restricted smallholder farming contexts
Análisis matemáticos del Paleolítico superior inicial
El fin que nos proponemos en este artículo, no es establecer una exposición profunda de los métodos de análisis matemático en Prehistoria, ya que consideramos existe una amplia bibliografía al respecto. Nuestra idea principal parte de la concepción del análisis matemático en su contexto, es decir, como apoyo metodológico del trabajo del prehistoriador y más especialmente en los trabajos de Paleolítico
Cross section of pseudoscalar meson photoproduction within the ELA
We study the contributions of background and resonance terms to the total cross section of photoproduction of mesons off the free nucleon. The model we use is consistent and based on an effective Lagrangian approach (ELA) which includes nucleon Born terms, vector meson exchange terms, and nucleon resonances. The interaction Lagrangians are chiral symmetric, gauge invariant and crossing symmetric. The results we obtain are compared to available experimental data and agreement is found in the energy region from threshold up to 0.55 GeV in the case of π photoproduction. We outline the possibility to extend this calculation to the case of η meson photoproduction.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta
Cross section of pseudoscalar meson photoproduction within the ELA
We study the contributions of background and resonance terms to the total cross section of photoproduction of mesons off the free nucleon. The model we use is consistent and based on an effective Lagrangian approach (ELA) which includes nucleon Born terms, vector meson exchange terms, and nucleon resonances. The interaction Lagrangians are chiral symmetric, gauge invariant and crossing symmetric. The results we obtain are compared to available experimental data and agreement is found in the energy region from threshold up to 0.55 GeV in the case of π photoproduction. We outline the possibility to extend this calculation to the case of η meson photoproduction.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta
Thermally-induced vacuum instability in a single plane wave
Ever since Schwinger published his influential paper [J. Schwinger, Phys.
Rev. \textbf{82}, 664 (1951)], it has been unanimously accepted that the vacuum
is stable in the presence of an electromagnetic plane wave. However, we advance
an analysis that indicates this statement is not rigorously valid in a real
situation, where thermal effects are present. We show that the thermal vacuum,
in the presence of a single plane-wave field, even in the limit of zero
frequency (a constant crossed field), decays into electron-positron pairs.
Interestingly, the pair-production rate is found to depend nonperturbatively on
both the amplitude of the constant crossed field and on the temperature.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Finite Higgs mass without Supersymmetry
We identify a class of chiral models where the one-loop effective potential
for Higgs scalar fields is finite without any requirement of supersymmetry. It
corresponds to the case where the Higgs fields are identified with the
components of a gauge field along compactified extra dimensions. We present a
six dimensional model with gauge group U(3)xU(3) and quarks and leptons
accomodated in fundamental and bi-fundamental representations. The model can be
embedded in a D-brane configuration of type I string theory and, upon
compactification on a T^2/Z_2 orbifold, it gives rise to the standard model
with two Higgs doublets.Comment: 28 pages, 4 figures, uses axodraw. Some typos corrected and
references rearrange
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