La médiation par le paysage dans le conseil agricole

National audiencePour les conseillers agricoles, il existe des situations d'accompagnement d'acteurs aux regards différents sur un projet de territoire (aménagement, conciliation d'usages...) ou des situations dures (souffrances d'agriculteurs liées à l'urbanisation, conflits de voisinages, etc.). Parce que le paysage concerne tout le monde, il peut devenir un outil de médiation pour une concertation, ou des échanges entre acteurs. Des pièges sont à éviter, inhérents à toute action de médiation

A Generalized Approach to the Calculation Procedure of Distribution Network Steady-state and Transient Regime

The low-voltage electrical distribution networks are characterized by ramified topology and spatial distribution of the consumers connected to the power supply. This leads to certain difficulties in calculation of such circuits even in the case of steady state mode, since even in stationary case a new separate problem must be solved each time. We have to mention that these difficulties are even more pronounced in the case of the circuit transient analysis. This paper proposes a generalized approach to calculation of steady-state and transient regimes in the branched distribution networks with RLC loads. To solve this problem we propose to use the mesh currents method, representation of the system of equations in matrix form and the Laplace transform. This gives the possibility to determine the characteristics of the current and voltage changes over time in the network and in the load. The difference between the obtained results and the known results, published in the open sources, is determined by the fact that the calculation of stationary and transient modes, is performed using the same calculations algorithm for both stationary and transient regimes

Assessing the sustainability of activity systems to support households' farming projects

Partie 2 "Multiple aspects to develop methodologies for sustainability assessment of farming systems"This chapter aims to introduce the setting up of an evaluation tool assessing the sustainability of activity systems and supporting farming households' projects at the establishment stage. This chapter analyses three methods used to appreciate the farm sustainability and identifies not only their limits but also their contributions to our own methodology, at the level of complex activity systems in which farming production is combined with transformation, sales or outside activities. We propose to recognise two different contributions to sustainable agriculture: a farm-focused sustainability and an extended sustainability, which means a contribution to the sustainable development at a regional scale. These theoretical elements were regularly confronted with the analysis of advisors' practices and comprehensive surveys with households in Southern France, where an analysis was carried through a partnership with researchers and local actors. It produced a tool to appraise agricultural projects, with pluriactivity or without, distinguishing farm-focused and extended sustainability

Operationalising the Concept of Motility: A Qualitative Study

In modern society, spatial mobility is highly prized, since it is associated with the idea of individual freedom (freedom to travel wherever whenever, freedom to choose one’s relationships, freedom of residential location, etc.). Spatial mobility is so appreciated that it has become an established ideology, putting pressure on individuals to expand their mobility and to be able to adapt to spatial changes of living and working conditions (delocalisation of jobs, closing of local public services, etc.). In this context, the capacity to be mobile – in other words, the motility – is a deciding factor of social integration. How can motility be characterised? Which aspects must be taken into account in conducting a comparative analysis of individuals ’ motility? In what way does motility constitute a factor of social differentiation? Our article aims to render the concept of motility operational. Building on an exploratory qualitative study, we explain which factors define the potential of an indivi-dual to be mobile in geographic space in the perspective of daily life organisation. Three aspects are discussed: the portfolios of access rights each individual has set up, his or her aptitudes for mobility and his or her representations that underpin cognitive appropriation of transportation supply. The rationales explaining why and how the motility of individuals is built up (or not) are also considered. In the end, our article demonstrates that motility is indeed a form of capital – in analogy with the financial, social and cultural capital – and that it is a factor of social differentiation that modern sociology cannot disregard. Operationalising the Concept of Motility: A Qualitative Exploration 2