Educació Física Especial: actitud i formació dels docents en Secundària a la ciutat de Barcelona

Aquest article analitza la situació actual del professorat d'Educació Física de Secundària, a la ciutat de Barcelona, davant les necessitats educatives especials. Aquest estudi és la continuació de l'estudi ja realitzat i publicat sobre el professorat d'Educació Física de Primària (Hernández, Hospital i López, 1997). Aquesta investigació se centra en l'anàlisi de l'actitud i el desenvolupament professional dels docents com elements necessaris en l'èxit de l'atenció als alumnes amb necessitats educatives especials. Aquest és un estudi socioeducatiu sobre la situació (actitud i formació) del professorat respecte dels alumnes amb necessitats educatives especials. El tractament de les dades es realitza des de l'administració d'un qüestionari entre una mostra de professorat d'Educació Física, variant algunes preguntes del qüestionari original utilitzat anteriorment (Hernández, Hospital i López, 1998). Els autors constaten en l'estudi la positiva resposta del professorat d'Educació Física cap a la integració (encara que no de forma categòrica) així com les limitacions pedagògiques del professorat per fer front els alumnes amb necessitats educatives especials, especialment les dificultats del professorat en realitzar adequacions curriculars individuals. Un altre aspecte destacat pel professorat sotmès a enquesta són les limitacions i la falta de mitjans i materials per afrontar les necessitats educatives especials, subratllant una falta de sensibilitat de l'Administració respecte a aquest tema. També es constata que la formació inicial dels docents per atendre a les necessitats educatives especials sembla inadequada i que hauria de centrar-se en aspectes més metodològics i didàctics

Anthropology, Brokerage and Collaboration in the development of a Tongan Public Psychiatry: Local Lessons for Global Mental Health

The Global Mental Health (GMH) movement has revitalised questions of the translatability of psychiatric concepts and the challenges of community engagement in countries where knowledge of the biomedical basis for psychiatric diagnosis is limited or challenged by local cultural codes. In Tonga, the local psychiatrist Dr Puloka has successfully established a publicly accessible psychiatry that has raised admission rates for serious mental illness and addressed some of the stigma attached to diagnosis. On the basis of historical analysis and ethnographic fieldwork with healers, doctors and patients since 1998, this article offers an ethnographic contextualization of the development and reception of three key interventions during the 1990s inspired by traditional healing and reliant on the translation of psychiatric terms and diagnosis. Dr Puloka’s use of medical anthropological and transcultural psychiatry research informed a community engaged brokerage between the implications of psychiatric nosologies and local needs. As such it reveals deficiencies in current polarised positions on the GMH project and offers suggestions to address current challenges of the Global Mental Health movement

DFFR: A New Method for High-Throughput Recalibration of Automatic Force-Fields for Drugs

We present drug force-field recalibration (DFFR), a new method for refining of automatic force-fields used to represent small drugs in docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The method is based on fine-tuning of torsional terms to obtain ensembles that reproduce observables derived from reference data. DFFR is fast and flexible and can be easily automatized for a high-throughput regime, making it useful in drug-design projects. We tested the performance of the method in a few model systems and also in a variety of druglike molecules using reference data derived from: (i) density functional theory coupled to a self-consistent reaction field (DFT/SCRF) calculations on highly populated conformers and (ii) enhanced sampling quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) where the drug is reproduced at the QM level, while the solvent is represented by classical force-fields. Extension of the method to include other sources of reference data is discussed

Anatomía vascular de los tendones peroneos en el tobillo

Estudiamos la vasculación de los tendones peroneos en el tobillo de 26 miembros inferiores de fetos humanos a término mediante disección. Previamente sometemos a los especímenes a inyección de látex teñido por arteria femoral y posteriormente fijamos en formaldehído.Peer Reviewe

DNA structure directs positioning of the mitochondrial genome packaging protein Abf2p

The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is assembled into nucleo-protein structures termed nucleoids and maintained differently compared to nuclear DNA, the involved molecular basis remaining poorly understood. In yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), mtDNA is a similar to 80 kbp linear molecule and Abf2p, a double HMG-box protein, packages and maintains it. The protein binds DNA in a non-sequence-specific manner, but displays a distinct 'phased-binding' at specific DNA sequences containing poly-adenine tracts (A-tracts). We present here two crystal structures of Abf2p in complex with mtDNA-derived fragments bearing A-tracts. Each HMG-box of Abf2p induces a 90. bend in the contacted DNA, causing an overall U-turn. Together with previous data, this suggests that U-turn formation is the universal mechanism underlying mtDNA compaction induced by HMG-box proteins. Combining this structural information with mutational, biophysical and computational analyses, we reveal a unique DNA binding mechanism for Abf2p where a characteristic N-terminal flag and helix are crucial for mtDNA maintenance. Additionally, we provide the molecular basis for A-tract mediated exclusion of Abf2p binding. Due to high prevalence of Atracts in yeast mtDNA, this has critical relevance for nucleoid architecture. Therefore, an unprecedented A-tract mediated protein positioning mechanism regulates DNA packaging proteins in the mitochondria, and in combination with DNA-bending and U-turn formation, governs mtDNA compaction

Simulation Experiments on Efficiencies of Gene Introgression by Backcrossing

Designing a highly efficient backcross (BC) marker-assisted selection (MAS) experiment is not a straightforward exercise, efficiency being defined here as the ratio between the resources that need to be invested at each generation and the number of generations required to achieve the selection. This paper presents results of simulations conducted for different strategies, using the maize genome as a model, to compare allelic introgression with DNA markers through BCs. Simulation results indicate that the selection response in the BC1 could be increased significantly when the selectable population size (N sl) is 100. Selectable population size is defined as the number of individuals with favorable alleles at the target loci from which selection with markers can be carried out on the rest of the genome at nontarget loci, simulations considered the allelic introgression at one to five target loci, with different population sizes, changes in the recombination frequency between target loci and flanking markers, and different numbers of genotypes selected at each generation. For an introgression at one target locus in a partial line conversion, and using MAS at nontarget loci only at one generation, a selection at BC3 would be more efficient than a selection at BC1 or BC2, due to the increase over generations of the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean of the donor genome contribution. With selection only for the presence of a donor allele at one locus in BC1 and BC2, and MAS at BC3, lines with <5% of the donor genome can be obtained with a N sl of 10 in BC1 and BC2, and 100 in BC3 These results are critical in the application of molecular markers to introgress elite alleles as part of plant improvement program

Music Education as a Path to Positive Youth Development: An El Sistema-Inspired Program

The El Sistema music education philosophy links positive individual and social development through musical education. This study is a longitudinal examination of the impact of participation in an El Sistema-inspired program, the Miami Music Project, on positive youth development. We hypothesized that over the course of a school year, participation in ensemble-based after-school music programming would significantly enhance factors associated with positive youth development. Specifically, we evaluated social emotional constructs aligned with the Five Cs of Positive Youth Development: Competence, Confidence, Caring, Character, and Connection. Results revealed that participants showed significant increases across all five Cs over the course of the year. Additionally, findings showed that Miami Music Project students showed greater enhancements over time in Character, Competence and Caring when compared to a group of youth who did not participate in music education. This study presents empirical documentation of the numerous meaningful social and emotional enhancements that participation in an El Sistema-inspired program is engendering among youth. In this type of rigorous orchestral model of musical instruction, youth seem to acquire not only cognitive benefits but also a host of social and emotional enhancements, ostensibly from learning in an environment that requires disciplined social cohesion. These findings provide insight into the holistic approach foundational to the El Sistema philosophy and adds to our overall understanding of musical instruction in important ways

Measuring organisational readiness for patient engagement (MORE) : an international online Delphi consensus study

Date of Acceptance: 28/01/2015. © 2015 Oostendorp et al.; licensee BioMed Central. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise statedWidespread implementation of patient engagement by organisations and clinical teams is not a reality yet. The aim of this study is to develop a measure of organisational readiness for patient engagement designed to monitor and facilitate a healthcare organisation’s willingness and ability to effectively implement patient engagement in healthcarePeer reviewedFinal Published versio

Consensus document on controversial issues for the treatment of hospital-associated pneumonia

Background: Hospital-associated pneumonia (HAP) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality despite advances in antimicrobial therapy. Many aspects of the treatment of HAP caused by multi-resistant Gram-positive microorganisms have been extensively studied, but controversial issues remain. Controversial issues: The aim of this GISIG (Gruppo Italiano di Studio sulle Infezioni Gravi) working group – a panel of multidisciplinary experts – was to define recommendations for some controversial issues using an evidence-based and analytical approach. The controversial issues were: (1) Is combination antibiotic therapy or monotherapy more effective in the treatment of HAP? (2) What role do pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic antibiotic features have as a guide in the selection of treatment for HAP? (3) Is a de-escalation approach for the management of HAP effective? An analysis of the studies published up until April 2009 is presented and discussed in detail. Methods: A systematic literature search using PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases and the Cochrane Library was performed. A matrix was created to extract evidence from original studies using the CONSORT method to evaluate randomized clinical trials and the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for case–control studies, longitudinal cohorts, and retrospective studies. The GRADE method for grading quality of evidence was applied. 2010 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserve