956 research outputs found
Understanding the role of the tourists' identity in travel.
It has been suggested that identity issues lie at the heart of our desire for travel. It is
widely acknowledged that travel plays
an important part in shaping the perception of
self through experiences of other people and places.
U
sing repeated travel as an
indicator of status via initiatives such as frequent flyer programmes
is also well
established in existing literature
. However
, relatively little has been documented about
how identity can influence a
n individualâs travel choices
. An increase in tourism
mobility has been related to environmental problems, with air travel being a contributor
to climate change. Behavioural change
is considered to be one method that could bring
about a reduction in tourism related CO
2
emissions
.
However, evidence suggests that
instigating behavioural change within tourism is problematic
and there is a need to
better understand the role played by p
ersonal identity in tourism decisions.
The aim of
this study
is
therefore
to enhance the understanding of the role played by personal
identity in tourism mobility.
Studies have shown that in order to gain insight in to identity there must be an
underst
anding of the narratives used to create and affirm identities. Therefore, a
narrative approach was used to explore the travel life histories of 24 participants. A
second interview examined how interviewees viewed their identities and tourism
activity in
the light of environmental debates and concerns. Data were analysed using a
thematic and dialogic/performance approach.
Results indicate that
identities play a major part
in
travel behaviour and decisions.
Identities are contextual and can override one a
nother at certain times. Thus, an
individual with a strong environmental identity at home may choose to perform a
conflicting identity when away.
This thesis presents the various ways identity and
tourism mobility are linked. Identity issues highlighted
in this study include: using
narratives of tourism to present identities; travel being motivated by the emergence
or
avoidance
of possible selves
;
and identities linked to significant others driving tourism
4
travel through the desire for connectedness, sta
tus and perceived expectations of the
significant other. This research contributes to knowledge by introducing new
perspectives to identity and tourism research. It goes some way to explaining why
policies promoting behaviour change have not succeeded.
In addition, this research
proposes that policy makers or marketers should place more emphasis on the
importance of the touristsâ identit
Mobile technology and the tourist experience: (Dis)connection at the campsite
Mobile technology is playing an increasing role in the tourist experience and a growing body of tourism research has focused on this area. There is often an implicit assumption that tourists embrace mobile connectivity and relatively little research has explored the tourist experience of disconnection, whether purposeful or imposed by technological limitations. This study explores the desire for digital (dis)connection during camping tourism. Data compiled using interviews and a survey revealed that the tourist is not âalways connectedâ and up to 50% have some desire to disconnect. There is ambiguity about mobile technology use in tourism with dilemmas regarding the value of connectivity versus the desire to âget away from it allâ. The analysis found digital engagement had a small effect on desire for disconnection however, patterns were not marked. The findings have implications for mobile technology solutions in tourism
Collaborative Travel Apps, Reciprocity and the Internet of Things
As cities become increasingly connected, both people and objects can connect to the Internet to transmit and receive information. This is the Internet of Things. Smartphone
technology can help identify current and anticipate future patterns of behaviour and, with its social networking capabilities, allow users to imagine collaborative opportunities. This has led to the development of collaborative travel apps designed to enable activities like lift sharing. However, two projects working with community based travel collaboration apps identify significant challenges to people accessing forms of travel assistance due to the imperative of reciprocity.
Collaborative travel apps depend on users to offer help, but they also need users to ask for or accept help. This paper analyses the fundamental challenges of reciprocity as facilitated by these apps and considers how the near future Internet of Things might alter practices.Trials of purpose built collaborative travel apps were conducted across four communities (a campsite, two rural villages and an urban fringe estate) during 2013 and 2014 involving 66
participants. Data were collected by in-depth interviews and all app activities (messages and transactions) were recorded through a linked database.Offers of help dominated in contrast to requests for and acceptance of help.Feelings of indebtedness inhibit app use since they threa ten a userâs status, power and freedom of action with respect to the donor of help. Other transport issues of flexibility and control were also apparent. The paper discusses how indebtedness might be addressed during the design and implementation of such apps. Also, the emergence of the Internet of Things, with its more anticipatory systems, prompts a reappraisal of current Internet based collaborative communities which raises questions about the human regulation of reciprocal arrangements and presents opportunities for parties who are less able to reciprocate such as the ageing population
The Abundance of Interstellar Nitrogen
Using the HST Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS), we have obtained
high S/N echelle observations of the weak interstellar N I 1160, 1161 A
absorption doublet toward the stars Gamma Cas, Lambda Ori, Iota Ori, Kappa Ori,
Delta Sco, and Kappa Sco. In combination with a previous GHRS measurement of N
I toward Zeta Oph, these new observations yield a mean interstellar gas phase
nitrogen abundance (per 10 H atoms) of 10 N/H = 75 +/- 4. There are no
statistically significant variations in the measured N abundances from
sightline to sightline and no evidence of density-dependent depletion from the
gas-phase. Since N is not expected to be depleted much into dust grains in
these diffuse sightlines, its gas-phase abundance should reflect the total
interstellar abundance. Consequently, the GHRS observations imply that the
abundance of interstellar nitrogen (gas plus grains) in the local Milky Way is
about 80% of the solar system value of 10 N/H = 93 +/- 16. Although this
interstellar abundance deficit is somewhat less than that recently found for
oxygen and krypton with GHRS, the solar N abundance and the N I oscillator
strengths are too uncertain to definitively rule out either a solar ISM N
abundance or a 2/3 solar ISM N abundance similar to that of O and Kr.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX, 2 Postscript figures; ApJ Letters, in pres
A reconciled solution of Meltwater Pulse 1A sources using sea-level fingerprinting
The most rapid global sea-level rise event of the last deglaciation, Meltwater Pulse 1A (MWP-1A), occurred âŒ14,650 years ago. Considerable uncertainty regarding the sources of meltwater limits understanding of the relationship between MWP-1A and the concurrent fast-changing climate. Here we present a data-driven inversion approach, using a glacio-isostatic adjustment model to invert for the sources of MWP-1A via sea-level constraints from six geographically distributed sites. The results suggest contributions from Antarctica, 1.3 m (0â5.9 m; 95% probability), Scandinavia, 4.6 m (3.2â6.4 m) and North America, 12.0 m (5.6â15.4 m), giving a global mean sea-level rise of 17.9 m (15.7â20.2 m) in 500 years. Only a North American dominant scenario successfully predicts the observed sea-level change across our six sites and an Antarctic dominant scenario is firmly refuted by Scottish isolation basin records. Our sea-level based results therefore reconcile with field-based ice-sheet reconstructions
Can the appropriateness of eye care be measured through cross-sectional retrospective patient record review in eye care practices in Australia? the icaretrack feasibility study
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. Objectives The CareTrack study found that a wide range of appropriateness of care (ie, care in line with evidence-based or consensus-based guidelines) was delivered across many health conditions in Australia. This study therefore aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of using the CareTrack method (a retrospective onsite record review) to measure the appropriateness of eye care delivery. Design Cross-sectional feasibility study. Setting and participants Two hundred and thirteen patient records randomly selected from eight optometry and ophthalmology practices in Australia, selected through a combination of convenience and maximum variation sampling. Methods Retrospective record review designed to assess the alignment between eye care delivered and 93 clinical indicators (Delphi method involving 11 experts) extracted from evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Primary outcome measure Number of eligible patient records, sampling rates and data collection time. This feasibility study also tested the ability of 93 clinical indicators to measure percentage appropriate eye care for preventative, glaucoma and diabetic eye care. A secondary outcome was the percentage of practitioner-patient encounters at which appropriate eye care was received. Results A median of 20 records (range 9 to 63) per practice were reviewed. Data collection time ranged from 3 to 5.5 hours (median 3.5). The most effective sampling strategy involved random letter generation followed by sequential sampling. The appropriateness of care was 69% (95% CI 67% to 70%) for preventative eye care, 60% (95% CI 56% to 58%) for glaucoma and 63% (95% CI 57% to 69%) for diabetic eye care. Conclusions Appropriateness of eye care can be measured effectively using retrospective record review of eye care practices and consensus-based care indicators
Inner-shell photodetachment of na-using r-matrix methods
Inner-shell photodetachment of Na-near the L-edge threshold was investigated using the R-matrix method. Significant structure was found in the cross section, and this structure is shown to be related to the complicated correlated electron dynamics endemic in negative ions. Comparison with experiment suggests that the absolute values of the measured cross section might be too small by a factor of two. © 2020 by the authors
The deuterium-to-oxygen ratio in the interstellar medium
Because the ionization balances for HI, OI, and DI are locked together by
charge exchange, D/O is an important tracer for the value of the D/H ratio and
for potential spatial variations in the ratio. As the DI and OI column
densities are of similar orders of magnitude for a given sight line,
comparisons of the two values will generally be less subject to systematic
errors than comparisons of DI and HI, which differ by about five orders of
magnitude. Moreover, D/O is additionally sensitive to astration, because as
stars destroy deuterium, they should produce oxygen. We report here the results
of a survey of D/O in the interstellar medium performed with FUSE. We also
compare these results with those for D/N. Together with a few results from
previous missions, the sample totals 24 lines of sight. The distances range
from a few pc to ~2000 pc and log N(DI) from ~13 to ~16 (cm-2). The D/O ratio
is constant in the local interstellar medium out to distances of ~150 pc and
N(DI) ~ 1x10^15 cm-2, i.e. within the Local Bubble. In this region of the
interstellar space, we find D/O = (3.84+/-0.16)x10^-2 (1 sigma in the mean).
The homogeneity of the local D/O measurements shows that the spatial variations
in the local D/H and O/H must be extremely small, if any. A comparison of the
Local Bubble mean value with the few D/O measurements available for low
metallicity quasar sight lines shows that the D/O ratio decreases with cosmic
evolution, as expected. Beyond the Local Bubble we detected significant spatial
variations in the value of D/O. This likely implies a variation in D/H, as O/H
is known to not vary significantly over the distances covered in this study.
Our dataset suggests a present-epoch deuterium abundance below 1x10^-5, i.e.
lower than the value usually assumed, around 1.5x10^-5.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in the
Astrophysical Journa
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