Encapsulation into Stealth Liposomes Enhances the Antitumor Action of Recombinant Cratylia mollis Lectin Expressed in Escherichia coli

This study evaluated the in vivo antitumor potential of new recombinant lectin from seeds of Cratylia mollis (rCramoll) expressed in Escherichia coli, free or encapsulated in stealth liposomes, using mice transplanted with sarcoma 180. rCramoll-loaded stealth liposomes (rCramoll-lipo) were formulated by hydration of the lipid film followed by cycles of freezing and thawing, and about 60% of rCramoll was encapsulated. This novel preparation showed particle size, polydispersity index, and pH suitable for the evaluation of antitumor activity in vivo. Tumor growth inhibition rates were 68% for rCramoll and 80% for rCramoll-lipo. Histopathological analysis of the experimental groups showed that both free and encapsulated lectin caused no changes in the kidneys of animals. Hematological analysis revealed that treatment with rCramoll-lipo significantly increased leukocyte concentration when compared with the untreated and pCramoll group. In conclusion, the encapsulation of rCramoll in stealth liposomes improves its antitumor activity without substantial toxicity; this approach was more successful than the previous results reported for pCramoll loaded into conventional liposomes. At this point, a crucial difference between the antitumor action of free and encapsulated rCramoll was found along with their effects on immune cells. Further investigations are required to elucidate the mechanism(s) of the antitumor effect induced by rCramoll

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Avaliação da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) e subprodutos na alimentação de codornas (Coturnix Japonica)

Foram realizados três experimentos conduzidos no Campus II da Universidade Estadual de Alagoas em Santana do Ipanema - AL. O objetivo geral do trabalho foi avaliar as potencialidades da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) e subprodutos na alimentação de codornas. O primeiro trabalho foi conduzido para determinar a composição química e os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA); energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) o coeficiente de metabolização aparente da energia bruta (CMAEB) da mandioca e de subprodutos da mandioca, utilizando-se o método de coleta total de excretas e codornas macho com 20 dias de idade. Os valores de EMA, EMAn e CMAEB foram: (3306; 3058,28 e 80,54); (2525,02; 2452,87 e 78,90)(1626,41; 1372,91 e 53,18) e (1523,98; 1448,28 e 51,94) para a raiz de mandioca, melaço de mandioca, feno da folha da mandioca e feno do terço final da planta da mandioca, respectivamente. No segundo experimento estudou-se os efeitos da inclusão de diferentes níveis (0, 3, 6, 9, 12%) do feno das folhas da mandioca sobre o desempenho zootécnico de codornas macho, criadas até 42 dias de idade. Não foram observados efeitos da inclusão do feno de folhas de mandioca até o nível de 12% para o período total de criação (8 a 42 dias) também não foram encontradasdiferenças entre os tratamentos para os parâmetros de carcaça, sendo afetados apenas as vísceras comestíveis: (fígado e moela). O terceiro experimento foi conduzido com a finalidade de avaliar o desempenho de zootécnico de codornas para a produção de carne alimentadas com dietas contendo diferentes níveis da farinha de mandioca integral (0, 8, 16, 24 e 32%). Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas para as variáveis ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar nos períodos estudados, podendo a raiz de mandioca ser inclusa em dietas para codornas até o nível de 32%.Three experiments were conducted in the Campus II from the Universidade Estadual de Alagoas in Santana do Ipanema AL. The general objective of this work was to evaluate the cassava's potential (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and some of the by-products in quails' feeding.The first experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition and values of apparent metabolizable energy (EMA); and apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance (AMEn), the apparent metabolism coefficient of gross energy (CMAEB) of cassava and its by-products, using the total excreta collection method and 20-day-old male quails. The values of EMA, EMAn and CMAEB were (3305,9; 3058,28 and 80,54); (2525,02; 2452,87 and 78,90); (1626,41; 1372, 91 and 53, 18) and (1523,98; 1448,28 and 51, 94) for cassava root, manipueira molasses, hay of cassava leaf and a final third of the plant,respectively. In the second experiment, the effects of the inclusion of different levels (0, 3, 6,9, 12%) of the hay of cassava leaf about the zootechnics performance of male quails createdup to 42 days. The effects of inclusion of the hay of cassava leaf weren't observed up to the level of 12% for the total period of creating (8 to 42 days), as well as were not found differences between the treatments for the parameter of carcass, being only affected the offals. The third experiment was conducted to evaluate the zoothechinics performance of quails for the meat's production, using a diet with different levels of integral cassava flour (0,8, 16, 24 and 32%). Statistics of variations of weight gain, consuming of ration and the conversion of feeding weren't observed in the period studied, can the cassava root be included in diets for quail up to the level of 32%

<b>Desempenho e características de carcaça de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas contendo farinha de resíduos do processamento de camarões (Litopeneaus vannamei)</b> - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v28i3.40 <b>Utilization and effect of shrimp waste meal in the performance and characteristics of broiler (Litopeneaus Vannamei)</b> - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v28i3.40

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho zootécnico e as características de carcaça de frangos de corte, alimentados com dietas contendo farinha de resíduo do processamento de camarões (FC). Foram utilizados 240 pintos de um dia de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, sendo 5 tratamentos (níveis de inclusão de FC: 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12% em rações a base de milho e farelo de soja) com 4 repetições e 12 aves por unidade experimental. Os níveis de inclusão da FC proporcionaram efeito quadrático apenas para o ganho de peso, demonstrando que os melhores níveis de inclusão na dieta foram de 5,46% e 5,87%, nos períodos de 1 a 21 e 22 a 42 dias de idade, respectivamente, melhorando, inclusive, a pigmentação na carcaça das aves<br>This experiment was to evaluate the performance of broiler chickens feed with different levels of shrimp meal (SM) in their diet. In this experiment 240 broiler chickens were distributed at a complete randomized design in five treatments and four replications of 12 broiler chickens per experimental unit. The levels of SM were 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12% added to zea mays and soybean-meal ration based. These rations were fed to 1-day-old broiler chicks for 6 weeks (3 weeks of starter rations and 3 weeks of finished ration). Only the weight gain presented significant difference with effects on shrimp meal levels in the ration. The shrimp waste meal (Litopenaeus vannamei) resulted in a quadratic effect (P<0.05), where the best level included was 5.46 and 5.87% for 1-21 and 22-42 day-old, respectively. The increasing levels of SM inclusion improved the pigmentation of the birds’ food-pa

Desempenho e características de carcaça de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas contendo farinha de resíduos do processamento de camarões (Litopeneaus vannamei) = Utilization and effect of shrimp waste meal in the performance and characteristics of broiler (Litopeneaus Vannamei) carcass

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho zootécnico e as características de carcaça de frangos de corte, alimentados com dietas contendo farinha de resíduo do processamento de camarões (FC). Foram utilizados 240 pintos de um dia de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, sendo 5 tratamentos (níveis de inclusão de FC: 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12% em rações a base de milho e farelo de soja) com 4 repetições e 12 aves por unidade experimental. Os níveis de inclusão da FC proporcionaramefeito quadrático apenas para o ganho de peso, demonstrando que os melhores níveis de inclusão na dieta foram de 5,46% e 5,87%, nos períodos de 1 a 21 e 22 a 42 dias de idade, respectivamente, melhorando, inclusive, a pigmentação na carcaça das aves.<br><br>This experiment was to evaluate the performance of broiler chickens feed with different levels of shrimp meal (SM) in their diet. In this experiment 240 broiler chickens were distributed at a complete randomized design in five treatments and four replications of 12 broiler chickens per experimental unit. The levels of SM were 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12% added to zea mays and soybean-meal ration based. These rations were fed to 1-day-old broiler chicks for 6 weeks (3 weeks of starter rations and 3 weeks of finished ration). Only the weight gain presented significant difference with effects on shrimp meal levels in the ration. The shrimp waste meal (Litopenaeus vannamei) resultedin a quadratic effect (P<0.05), where the best level included was 5.46 and 5.87% for 1-21 and 22-42 day-old, respectively. The increasing levels of SM inclusion improved the pigmentation of the birds’ food-pad

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data