Valorization of used cooking oils through ionic liquid catalyzed biodiesel conversion processes

Biodiesel is defined as a natural and renewable substitute for fossil fuels and can be produced through the transesterification or by esterification reaction of free farry acids of a vegetable oil, animal fat or waste cooking ois, with an alcohol, usuallt methanol or ethanol in the presence of homogeneous, heterogeneous or enzymatics catalystsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Teologia da Libertação na Prática Ecológica: o Bispo e o Rio

Resumo: a polêmica criada em torno ao projeto de transposição das águas do rio São Francisco mostra a luta de grupos sociais que encontraram num líder religioso a sua referência política. Tendo como referencial teórico as contribuições de Max Weber e Pierre Bourdieu para o estudo da figura do profeta, o artigo analisa o papel de D. Luiz Cappio no processo de mobilização social de setores da Igreja, do meio político, dos movimentos sociais e povos que abraçaram a causa da proteção ao rio São Francisco. A análise de documentos favoráveis e contrários a suas duas greves de fome (em 2005 e 2007) permite aprofundar o conhecimento da função profética como decorrência prática da Teologia da Libertação. Palavras-chave: Profetismo. Igreja. Política. Meio Ambiente. Rio São Francisco

Inquérito sobre os casos de miíase por Dermatobia hominis em cães (Canis familiaris) das zonas norte e oeste do município do Rio de Janeiro no ano 2000

Foi realizado um inquérito sobre os casos de miíase por larvas de Dermatobia hominis em cães atendidos em 190 clínicas e consultórios veterinários das Zonas Norte e Oeste do Município do Rio de Janeiro em 2000. Casos foram atendidos em 37 de 108 estabelecimentos veterinários da Zona Norte e em 55 de 82 estabelecimentos da Zona Oeste do município. A presença de áreas rurais e animais como bovinos e eqüinos próximos aos cães criou um ambiente adequado à proliferação de moscas, inclusive as vetoras dos ovos da D. hominis. Cães adultos, de raça definida e de pelagem curta e escura foram os mais acometidos. Machos foram os mais infestados na Zona Norte, enquanto não se observou predileção por sexo na Zona Oeste. Cães mantidos em quintais de casas ou sítios, como os adultos e os de raça de grande porte (normalmente utilizados para guarda), foram os mais acometidos. O dorso e a região lombar foram as regiões do corpo mais afetadas, por serem facilmente acessíveis às moscas. Programas preventivos contra miíases devem ser intensificados nos meses de maior incidência, apesar de algumas vezes isso não ser possível, pois vários veterinários relataram que nenhum mês apresentou maior incidência ou não souberam responder à pergunta. Os veterinários devem alertar os proprietários que são necessárias a correção do manejo e a manutenção da higiene do local onde os cães são mantidos, para evitar a presença de moscas. Mais estudos são necessários para identificar outras causas predisponentes às miíases e evitar essa doença.An inquiry about cases of myiasis by Dermatobia hominis larvae on dogs presented to 190 veterinary establishments of the Northern and Western Zones of Rio de Janeiro City in 2000 was performed. Cases were presented to 37 of 108 establishments in the Northern Zone and to 55 of 82 in the Western Zone of the city. Presence of rural or forest areas and coexistence of dogs and farm animals created an adequate ambient to flies proliferation, including the vector flies of Dermatobia hominis eggs. Adult, pure breed, short and dark-haired dogs were most infested. Males were most infested in the Northern Zone, while in the Western Zone no predilection for sex was noticed. Dogs kept in small farms and house yards, as adult and large breed dogs (usually for house guard), were most affected. Dorsal and lumbar regions, which are easily accessible to flies, were most infested body regions. Prevention programs against myiasis should be intensified during months of highest incidence, although sometimes it is not possible, because many clinicians reported that no month presented higher incidence than another or they did not know to answer this question. Clinicians should warn pet owners that it is necessary to correct handling and to maintain hygiene of the place where the dogs are kept, in order to avoid the existence of flies. More studies are necessary in order to identify other predisposing causes to myiasis and avoid this disease

Inquérito sobre os casos de miíase por Cochliomyia hominivorax em cães (Canis familiaris) das zonas norte e oeste do município do Rio de Janeiro no ano 2000

An inquiry about cases of myiasis by C. hominivorax larvae on dogs presented to 190 veterinary establishments of Rio de Janeiro City in 2000 was performed to contribute to the comprehension of epidemiological features of this myiasis. Cases of screwworm infestation were observed in 184 veterinary establishments: in 104 among 108 establishments of the Northern Zone, and in 80 of 82 establishments of the Western Zone of the city. Most infested dogs were adult, pure breed, long and dark-haired, living in houses, while no preference for sex was observed. Ears were most infested, and the main cause of lesions that led to myiasis was otitis. Screwworm infestation is a very frequent disease on dogs, and prevention programs should be developed, specially during hot weather months (December and January), when incidence was higher. Most infested dogs are the ones that need more care, and prevention of all possible causes of myiasis will help its avoidance. Dirt and lack of hygiene are also causes of screwworm infestation and must be avoided, as other myiasis causes. Pet owners negligence is a contributing factor to the appearance of screwworm infestation on dogs, and pet owners should receive orientation from veterinary clinicians. Additional studies about screwworm infestation on dogs should be performed, in order to identify more predisposing factors to be used in prevention programs.Foi realizado um inquérito sobre os casos de miíases por larvas de C. hominivorax (bicheira) em cães atendidos em 190 clínicas e consultórios veterinários do Município do Rio de Janeiro em 2000, para contribuir na compreensão das características epidemiológicas dessa doença. Casos de miíase foram atendidos em 184 estabelecimentos veterinários: em 104 de 108 estabelecimentos da Zona Norte e em 80 de 82 estabelecimentos da Zona Oeste do município. Os cães mais acometidos foram os adultos, de raça definida, com pelagem longa e escura, que residiam em casas, sem predileção por sexo. Os ouvidos foram as regiões do corpo mais afetadas e a principal causa de lesão que levou à miíase foi a otite. As miíases são comuns em cães e, assim, programas preventivos devem ser desenvolvidos, principalmente nos meses quentes (dezembro e janeiro), quando a incidência foi maior. Os cães mais infestados são os que necessitam de maiores cuidados e a prevenção de todas as possíveis causas de miíase auxiliará na prevenção da mesma. Sujidades e falta de higiene também são causas de miíase e devem ser evitadas, assim como as outras causas. A negligência dos proprietários é um fator que contribui para o aparecimento de miíases em cães e os proprietários devem receber orientações por parte dos veterinários. Mais estudos sobre miíases em cães devem ser realizados para identificar mais fatores predisponentes a serem utilizados nos programas preventivos

Inquiry of cases of myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax in dogs of the southern zone of Rio de Janeiro city in 2000

An inquiry about the cases of myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae in dogs presented to 34 veterinary establishments of the Southern Zone of Rio de Janeiro municipality in 2000 was performed, to identify predisposing factors and to contribute to the comprehension of the epidemiological features and prevention of this disease. In 31 establishments, at least one case of myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae in dogs was presented. Adult, dark and short-haired, and pure breed dogs, living in houses, were the most infested, but no predilection for sex was noticed. Ears were the most affected, due to otitis. Occurrence was higher in warmer weather months of the year. Most owners did not try to treat their pets by themselves, and adequate treatment of the wound, prescribed by the clinician, led to short healing period and absence of complications during and after the treatment. Myiasis is seen as a consequence of owner's negligence, but some dogs had already presented this disease before. It is necessary to develop prevention programs against screwworm infestation based on identified predisposing factors, such as phenotypical features of infested animals and body regions more affected. Causes that lead to larvae infestation, such as otitis and wounds, should be avoided and environment hygiene must be maintained. Besides, prevention programs should be intensified during the months of the highest incidence of the disease.Um inquérito sobre os casos de miíase por larvas de Cochliomyia hominivorax (bicheira) em cães atendidos durante o ano 2000, em 34 clínicas e consultórios veterinários da Zona Sul do Município do Rio de Janeiro, foi realizado para identificar os fatores predisponentes a esta enfermidade e, assim, contribuir na compreensão de seus aspectos epidemiológicos e na sua prevenção. Trinta e um estabelecimentos veterinários consultados atenderam pelo menos um caso de miíase em cães durante 2000. Os cães de raça definida, adultos e com pelagem longa e escura, residentes em casas, foram os mais acometidos, enquanto não foi observada predileção por sexo. Os ouvidos foram o local do corpo mais afetado pelas miíases, devido a otites. Os meses mais quentes do ano foram mencionados como os de maior ocorrência. A maioria dos proprietários não tentou tratar seus animais por conta própria e, com o tratamento adequado da ferida, prescrito pelo médico veterinário, o período de cura foi curto e não houve complicações durante e após o tratamento. Apesar das miíases serem consideradas uma conseqüência da negligência do proprietário, alguns cães já tinham apresentado esta enfermidade anteriormente. Devem ser desenvolvidos programas preventivos baseados nos fatores predisponentes identificados em inquéritos, tais como características fenotípicas dos animais mais acometidos e locais do corpo mais afetados. Causas que favoreçam a instalação de miíases, tais como otites e feridas diversas, devem ser controladas e a higiene ambiental deve ser mantida. Além disso, é necessária a intensificação dos programas preventivos nos períodos de maior incidência da enfermidade

Genetic potential of segregating cowpea progenies regarding inflorescence type

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial genético produtivo de progênies de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) segregantes quanto ao tipo da inflorescência. Foram avaliadas 68 progênies F4 obtidas dos retrocruzamentos: (TV x 5058‑09C x Cacheado‑roxo) x TV x 5058‑09C e (AU94‑MOB‑816 x Cacheado‑roxo) x AU94‑MOB‑816, com os genitores. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, tendo‑se avaliado 17 progênies, com quatro repetições, em parcelas subdivididas quanto à inflorescência: simples e composta. A análise estatística foi realizada por modelos mistos via procedimento REML/BLUP. As estimativas das variâncias genéticas foram significativas para todos os caracteres estudados. Os caracteres comprimento do pedúnculo, número médio de vagens por pedúnculo e floração inicial apresentaram alta variabilidade e expressão do componente genético para a inflorescência composta. As progênies de inflorescência simples apresentam potencial genético produtivo similar às progênies de inflorescência composta. As progênies resultantes do retrocruzamento (AU94‑MOB‑816 x Cacheado‑roxo) x AU94‑MOB‑816 são promissoras como estratégia para aumentar os níveis atuais de produtividade do feijão-caupi.The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic yield potential of segregating cowpea progenies regarding inflorescence type. Sixty‑eight F4 progenies obtained from the backcrosses (TV x 5058‑09C x Curly‑purple) x TV x 5058‑09C, and (AU94‑MOB‑816 x Curly‑purple) x AU94‑MOB‑816, with parents, were evaluated. Two experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with 17 progenies and four replicates, in a split‑plot arrangement regarding inflorescence: simple and composite. The statistical analysis was carried out by mixed models via REML/BLUP procedure. The estimates of genetic variance were significant for all evaluated traits. The traits peduncle length, average number of pods per peduncle, and initial flowering showed high variability and expression of the composite inflorescence genetic component. Progenies with simple inflorescence show similar genetic yield potential to the progenies with composite inflorescence. The progenies resulting from the backcrosses (AU94‑MOB‑816 x Curly‑purple) x AU94‑MOB‑816 are promising as a strategy to increase the current levels of grain yield in cowpea

Epidemiological study in Brazilian women highlights that syphilis remains a public health problem

yphilis, an infectious disease considered a global public health concern, can cause stillbirths and neonatal deaths. This highlights the importance of continuous surveillance studies among women of reproductive age. A cross-sectional study was carried out to analyze the prevalence and risk factors associated with Treponema pallidum infection in women assisted by primary health care units in Dourados, a city located in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, which borders Paraguay. A questionnaire was applied to a population-based sample, blood samples were collected for syphilis testing and multivariable analyses were performed to screen associations with T. pallidum infection. The prevalence of T. pallidum infection was 6.04%. Bivariate analysis showed that women referring multiple sexual partners (c2: 6.97 [p=0.014]), income less 2 minimal wages (c2: 15.93 [p=0.003]), who did not have high school (c2: 12.64 [p=0.005]), and reporting history of STIs (c2: 7.30 [p=0.018]) are more likely to have syphilis. In the multivariate analysis, a highest prevalence ratio was observed in women with income less than 2 minimal wages (PR: 0.96 [95% CI: 0.85 - 0.97]), and who did not have high school (PR: 0.94 [95% CI: 0.90 - 0.98]). In addition, 80% of the women reported irregular use of condoms and 63.89% declared having sexual intercourses with multiple partners, which creates more opportunities for the transmission of the infection. These results highlight the need for healthcare systems to implement initiatives to monitor syphilis screening and the commitment of patients and their sexual partners to the treatment in order to achieve a decrease of new cases

COVID-19 infodemic and impacts on the mental health of older people : cross-sectional multicenter survey study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic received widespread media coverage due to its novelty, an early lack of data, and the rapid rise in deaths and cases. This excessive coverage created a secondary “infodemic” that was considered to be a serious public and mental health problem by the World Health Organization and the international scientific community. The infodemic particularly affected older individuals, specifically those who are vulnerable to misinformation due to political positions, low interpretive and critical analysis capacity, and limited technical-scientific knowledge. Thus, it is important to understand older people’s reaction to COVID-19 information disseminated by the media and the effect on their lives and mental health. Objective: We aimed to describe the profile of exposure to COVID-19 information among older Brazilian individuals and the impact on their mental health, perceived stress, and the presence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Methods: This cross-sectional, exploratory study surveyed 3307 older Brazilians via the web, social networks, and email between July 2020 and March 2021. Descriptive analysis and bivariate analysis were performed to estimate associations of interest. Results: Major proportions of the 3307 participants were aged 60 to 64 years (n=1285, 38.9%), female (n=2250, 68.4%), and married (n=1835, 55.5%) and self-identified as White (n=2364, 71.5%). Only 295 (8.9%) had never started or completed a basic education. COVID-19 information was mainly accessed on television (n=2680, 81.1%) and social networks (n=1943, 58.8%). Television exposure was ≥3 hours in 1301 (39.3%) participants, social network use was 2 to 5 hours in 1084 (32.8%) participants, and radio exposure was ≥1 hour in 1223 (37%) participants. Frequency of exposure to social networks was significantly associated with perceived stress (P=.04) and GAD (P=.01). A Bonferroni post hoc test revealed significantly different perceived stress in participants who were exposed to social networks for 1 hour (P=.04) and those who had no exposure (P=.04). A crude linear regression showed that “some” social media use (P=.02) and 1 hour of exposure to social media (P<.001) were associated with perceived stress. Adjusting for sociodemographic variables revealed no associations with this outcome variable. In a crude logistic regression, some social media use (P<.001) and 2 to 5 hours of exposure to social media (P=.03) were associated with GAD. Adjusting for the indicated variables showed that some social network use (P<.001) and 1 hour (P=.04) and 2 to 5 hours (P=.03) of exposure to social media were associated with GAD. Conclusions: Older people, especially women, were often exposed to COVID-19–related information through television and social networks; this affected their mental health, specifically GAD and stress. Thus, the impact of the infodemic should be considered during anamnesis for older people, so that they can share their feelings about it and receive appropriate psychosocial care