ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE BUPIVACAÍNA 0,5 % E ROPIVACAÍNA 0,5% NO BLOQUEIO DOS NERVOS PALMARES DE EQUINOS HÍGIDOS

O bloqueio dos nervos palmares é uma técnica de anestesia regional que possibilita realização de diagnóstico de claudicações e analgesia na região distal do membro torácico de equinos. Este trabalho objetivou comparar a eficácia da bupivacaína 0,5% (BUPI) e ropivacaína 0,5% (ROPI) sem vasoconstritor no bloqueio dos nervos palmares, guiado por eletroestimulação. Após colocação de ferradura indutora de claudicação no membro torácico direito, proporcionando claudicação grau (GC) 3, e localização do nervo palmar: cinco equinos adultos hígidos e não portadores de processos inflamatórios, foram submetidos à infiltração de 5 mL de BUPI e ROPI em cada nervo, avaliando-se o GC a cada 15 minutos, até o tempo de retorno ao GC 3. Todos os animais participaram dos dois grupos, com intervalo entre bloqueios de 45 dias. Foram comparados os seguintes parâmetros de resposta anestésica: tempo de latência sensitiva (TL), tempo de latência para efeito máximo (TLM), tempo do efeito sensitivo (TE) e tempo de duração do efeito máximo (TEM) por meio do teste de Wilcoxon. A técnica de eletroestimulação nervosa foi eficaz em 100% dos animais. O TL médio da Bupivacaína foi de 5,0 minutos, aproximadamente dez minutos menor que o da ROPI (p0,05), entretanto, em relação ao T, a bupivacaína apresentou média de 230 minutos, maior tempo de analgesia em relação à ROPI (p<0,05). A partir desta pesquisa, conclui-se que o uso de bupivacaína apresentou efeitos analgésicos superiores à ropivacaína nos bloqueios dos nervos palmares de equinos hígidos

Soil biochemistry and microbial activity in vineyards under conventional and organic management at Northeast Brazil.

The São Francisco Submedium Valley is located at the Brazilian semiarid region and is an important center for irrigated fruit growing. This region is responsible for 97% of the national exportation of table grapes, including seedless grapes. Based on the fact that orgThe São Francisco Submedium Valley is located at the Brazilian semiarid region and is an important center for irrigated fruit growing. This region is responsible for 97% of the national exportation of table grapes, including seedless grapes. Based on the fact that organic fertilization can improve soil quality, we compared the effects of conventional and organic soil management on microbial activity and mycorrhization of seedless grape crops. We measured glomerospores number, most probable number (MPN) of propagules, richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species, AMF root colonization, EE-BRSP production, carbon microbial biomass (C-MB), microbial respiration, fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity (FDA) and metabolic coefficient (qCO2). The organic management led to an increase in all variables with the exception of EE-BRSP and qCO2. Mycorrhizal colonization increased from 4.7% in conventional crops to 15.9% in organic crops. Spore number ranged from 4.1 to 12.4 per 50 g-1 soil in both management systems. The most probable number of AMF propagules increased from 79 cm-3 soil in the conventional system to 110 cm-3 soil in the organic system. Microbial carbon, CO2 emission, and FDA activity were increased by 100 to 200% in the organic crop. Thirteen species of AMF were identified, the majority in the organic cultivation system. Acaulospora excavata, Entrophospora infrequens, Glomus sp.3 and Scutellospora sp. were found only in the organically managed crop. S. gregaria was found only in the conventional crop. Organically managed vineyards increased mycorrhization and general soil microbial activity

Influence of Na, K, Ca and Mg on lead atomization by tungsten coil atomic absorption spectrometry

A atomização de chumbo em atomizador eletrotérmico de filamento de tungstênio, na presença e ausência de altas concentrações de Na+, K+, Ca2+ e Mg2+, foi investigada com o objetivo de entender os processos de interferências. A atomização do chumbo foi menos comprometida por Ca2+ e Mg2+ do que por Na+ e K+. Na ausência dos concomitantes, a eficiência da atomização de chumbo foi melhorada com a presença de H2 (10% v/v) na composição do gás de purga, durante as etapas de pirólise e atomização. As interferências causadas por Na+ e Ca2+ foram desprezíveis quando a etapa de pirólise foi realizada sem o H2 na composição do gás de purga. Os resultados mostraram que Na+, K+, Ca2+ e Mg2+ podem estar diretamente envolvidos nas reações de competição pelo H2 nos processos em fase condensada.The atomization of lead in an electrothermal tungsten coil atomizer in the presence and absence of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ was investigated with the objective of understanding the interference processes. The lead atomization was less affected by Ca2+ and Mg2+ than by Na+ and K+. In the absence of concomitants, lead atomization efficiency was improved by the presence of H2 (10% v/v) in the purge gas composition, during pyrolysis and atomization steps. The interference caused by Na+ and Ca2+ was negligible when the pyrolysis step was accomplished without H2 in the purge gas composition. The results showed that Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ are directly involved in competition reactions for H2 in condensed phase

Assessment of 4-aminoantipyrine degradation and mineralization by photoelectro-Fenton with a boron-doped diamond anode: optimization, treatment in municipal secondary effluent, and toxicity

4‐Aminoantipyrine (4‐AA), a persistent metabolite of dipyrone found in natural water, has been treated in 100 mL of aqueous 0.050 M Na2SO4 solutions at pH 3.0 by photoelectro‐Fenton (PEF) with a 4 W UVA lamp. The assays were performed in a cell equipped with a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) anode and an air‐diffusion cathode for H2O2 generation. The formation of an unstable Fe(III)‐4‐AA complex with 1 : 2 molar ratio was evidenced. A 24 central composite design was used to assess the effect of four independent variables on PEF performance. The optimized conditions for 62.5 mg L−1 4‐AA were: current density of 77.5 mA cm−2 and 47.75 mg L−1 Fe2+, yielding 99 % 4‐AA degradation at 7 min, and 45 % 4‐AA mineralization with 3.2 % mineralization current efficiency at 130 min. Slightly slower degradation and similar mineralization were obtained under these conditions when 4‐AA was spiked into a municipal secondary effluent, showing a low influence of natural organic matter on PEF. The initially high acute toxicity determined using Artemia salina was largely diminished upon PEF treatment