Nature of gene action and genetic parameters for yield and its components in chickpea

To determine the gene action and genetic parameters of agro-morphological traits in chickpea, five genotypes of chickpea as a half diallel crossed with each other in 2008, five parents and 10 progenies were planted as randomized complete block design with three replications and some traits including days to flowering and maturity were recorded on row basis when 50% plants flowered or matured. Plant height, biomass, harvest index, number of primary branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight and seed yield were recorded for each plant (10 observation). Based on analysis of variance, variance due to additive gene effects showed significant differences for plant height and number of primary branches per plant. Both additive and dominance genetic effects were significant for days to flowering, days to maturity, biomass, 100-seed weight, harvest index, number of pods, seeds and seed yield per plant. Higher values (>1) of the average of dominance (H1/D)1/2, a measure of over dominance, were observed in this study except for plant height and harvest index. Higher values of narrow-sense heritability was also observed for harvest index (67%), 100-seed weight (56%) and plant height (42%) indicating that huge genetic gain could be achieved for these traits.Key words: Additive, chickpea, diallel, dominance, heritability

A karyomorphological comparison of seven species of Achillea L. from Kurdistan of Iran

We conducted the present study on seven important medicinal species of Achillea (in a total of 28 populations) in their natural habitats. The results indicated that the populations had a base number (x= 9) and the diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploidy levels were observed. In addition to the inter-species diversity, there was the intra-species genetic diversity as A. millefolium (4x, 6x), A. vermicularis (2x, 4x), A. tenuifolia (2x, 4x), A. Aleppica (2x), A. talagonica (2x), A. biebersteinii, and A. wilhelmsii (4x). Furthermore, studies also indicated that 11 out of 28 populations had 1A symmetry, 15 populations had 2B symmetry, a population had 2A, and another population had 2B. Cluster analysis of cytogenetic variables could differentiate only the species of A. aleppica, A. talagonica and A. wilhelmsii but others could not separate differences between species appropriately, probably due to the superiority of intra-species diversity of populations to inter-species diversity. Furthermore, we found %TF and DRL are useful parameters for differentiating intrachromosomal variation of species

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Drought stress effects on the grain yield among different barley cultivars

We examined commercial barley cultivars in two sequential growing season by including irrigation and rainfed conditions under a randomized complete block experimental design. There were positive and significant correlations between the yeild and either of the indices including Mean productivity (MP), Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Harmonic Mean Productivity (HMP), and Mean Relative Performance (MRP) in both irrigated and drought conditions. The PC1 and PC2 justified 94.86 and 94.44% of total variation in the first year and second year, respectively. According to 3-dimensional diagram and based on STI, genotypes 2, 3, and 8 in the first year and gentypes 4, 3, 8, and 2 in the second year were clustered together in group A, and therefore, called the most tolerant cultivars to drought stress

A linkage map of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) based on population from ILC3279×ILC588 crosses: Location of genes for time to flowering, seed size and plant height

Quantitative traits of seed size, plant height and days to flowering were studied in a chickpea intraspecific F3:4 lines population derived from a ILC3279×ILC588 cross. The lines were genotyped with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), universal rice primer (URP) and sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers, and a genetic map composed of 7 linkage groups (LGs) covering 285.3 cM was constructed. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the three characters were detected in LG2, LG3 and LG4. Two QTLs for days to flowering were detected on LG2 and LG3. These two QTLs accounted for 58% of the total phenotypic variation for days to flowering. A QTL for plant height was located in LG3 explaining around 42% of the variation. This trait was shown to be under a major gene control. For 100-seed weight, a QTL located in LG4 explained around 37% of the phenotypic variations. This information can be used to formulate the an efficient breeding strategy for improvement of time to flowering in short-season temperate environments, plant height with more reproductive biomass and improved yield with bigger seed size in chickpea

On the Measurement of Morphine Level and Determination of Consumption of Different Drugs in People’s Urine at Different Ages through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Objective: Morphine is one of the important narcotics which constitutes one of the alkaloid and opium components. If this substance is prepared defectively, it will appear in a variety of colors. Therefore, it is not possible to identify this substance by its color. Method: In this study, drug addicts were invited to take urine tests. After morphine extraction from urine samples by chromium toxicity method, different standard concentrations were injected into HPLC device and the resultant diagrams were analyzed. Then, some changes were made into the methodology for the optimality of measurement process and morphine determination in human urine. Results: It was found that the amount of morphine available in the urine samples was measureable through high-performance liquid chromatography and the amount of impurities added to drugs could be determined. Conclusion: This method can be used for diagnosis

Identification of Dermatoglyphic Patterns in Parents of Children with Cystic Fibrosis

Background Dermatoglyphics could assist in the diagnosis of congenital abnormalities. The aim of this study was to identify the dermatoglyphic patterns (finger print pattern type, total ridge count of each finger, a-b ridge count, and articulotrochanteric distance [ATD angles]) in the parents of cystic fibrosis children. Materials and Methods We recruited 75 parents of children with cystic fibrosis for the study group and 341 parents for the control group. We recorded finger print pattern type, total ridge count (TRC), a-b ridge count, and ATD angles of all participants. Then we identified any asymmetry between the right and left hands of each person and characteristics of parents in two genders. Chi-square analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher's exact test were used for data analysis. Results We observed significant differences in a-b ridge count on the right hand (P=0.02), and mean total ridge count on the right digit I (P=0.05), right digit IV (P=0.03), and right digit V in  the fathers of children with cystic fibrosis compared to the control group(P=0.02). Conclusion According to the results, we suggest that the dermatoglyphic traits of parents could be used as a simple, appropriate, and supplementary screening method in the diagnosis of children with CF. Nevertheless, we need lager studies to precisely confirm that dermatoglyphics is a reliable method in the diagnosis of CF