Antioksidativno djelovanje metanolnih ekstrakata listova sedam egipatskih vrsta roda Cassia

In the present study, antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of the leaves of seven Egyptian Cassia species was investigated using two methods, the phosphomolybdate method and 1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) scavenging activity method. The results revealed that C. glauca is the most potent species and that the activity of other plant species decreases in the following order C. grandis > C. nodosa > C. fistula > C. didymobtrya > C. occidentalis > C. sophera. Defatted methanolic extract of the most active plant C. glauca was subjected to fractionation process using different organic solvents such as CHCl3, EtOAc and BuOH. Antioxidant activities of these fractions were investigated and the results showed that ethyl acetate fraction possessed high activity. Total phenolic and flavonoid concentration of each plant extract were determined using the Folin-Ciocaltu reagent and aluminum chloride. Correlation between radical scavenging capacities of extracts and total phenolic concentration was observed.U radu je ispitano antioksidativno djelovanje metanolnih ekstrakata listova sedam egipatskih vrsta roda Cassia koristeći fosfomolibdatnu metodu i metodu vezanja slobodnih 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil radikala (DPPH.). Rezultati pokazuju da C. glauca ima najveću aktivnost te da se djelovanje smanjuje sljedećim redom: C. grandis C. nodosa C. fistula C. didymobtrya C. occidentalis C. sophera. Odmašćeni metanolni ekstrakt najaktivnije biljke C. glauca frakcioniran je pomoću različitih organskih otapala kao što su CHCl3, EtOAc i BuOH. Ispitivanje antioksidativnog djelovanja pojedinih frakcija pokazuje da je etil-acetatna frakcija najaktivnija. Pomoću Folin-Ciocaltuovog reagensa i aluminijevog klorida određena je ukupna koncentracija fenola i flavonoida svakog pojedinog ekstrakta. Uočena je korelacija između sposobnosti hvatanja slobodnih radikala i ukupnog sadržaja fenola

Bioactive chemical constituents of Curcuma longa L. rhizomes extract inhibit the growth of human hepatoma cell line (HepG2)

The present study was designed to identify the chemical constituents of the methanolic extract of Curcuma longa L. rhizomes and their inhibitory effect on a hepatoma cell line. The methanolic extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis to identify the volatile constituents and the other part of the same extract was subjected to liquid column chromatographic separation to isolate curcumin. The inhibition of cell growth in the hepatoma cell line and the cytopathological changes were studied. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of fifty compounds in the methanolic extract of C. longa. The major compounds were ar-turmerone (20.50 %), β-sesquiphellandrene (5.20 %) and curcumenol (5.11 %). Curcumin was identified using IR, 1H and 13C NMR. The inhibition of cell growth by curcumin (IC50 = 41.69 ± 2.87 µg mL–1) was much more effective than that of methanolic extract (IC50 = 196.12 ± 5.25 µg mL–1). Degenerative and apoptotic changes were more evident in curcumin-treated hepatoma cells than in those treated with the methanol extract. Antitumor potential of the methanolic extract may be attributed to the presence of sesquiterpenes and phenolic constituents including curcumin (0.051 %, 511.39 µg g–1 dried methanol extract) in C. longa rhizomes

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

CHROMATOGRAPHIC ISOLATION OF ALLIUM CEPA (SSP. RED ONION) AND ITS CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY AGAINST HUMAN LIVER CARCINOMA CELL LINES (HEPG2)

Objective: The present study aimed to find out cytotoxic agent from Allium cepa L. (ssp. red onion) family Alliaceae as well as chromatographic isolation of its active constituents. Methods: The defatted methanol extract of Allium cepa (ssp. red onion) was fractionated with chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Each of ethyl acetate and butanolic fraction was separately submitted to chromatographic isolation using different chromatographic techniques such as column chromatography (CC), thin layer chromatography (TLC) and paper chromatography (PC). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis. Results: Four compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate fraction and identified as kaempferol (1), quercetin (2) isorhamnetin (3) and isorhamentin-4`-O-β- D-glucopyranoside (4) whereas two compounds were isolated and identified from the butanolic fraction as α -D-glucopyranose (5), β-D-glucopyranosyl- α- D-glucopyranoside (6). The cytotoxic activity of defatted methanolic extract of A. cepa (ssp red onion), ethyl acetate and butanolic fractions against human liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2) was IC50 = 10.9, 6.08 and 9.95 µg/ ml respectively. Also, compounds 4 isolated from ethyl acetate fraction and compound 6 isolated from butanolic fraction showed cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 11.90 and 22.0 µg/ ml) respectively. Conclusion: It was appeared that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active due to it contain high amount of phenolic compounds

Bioactive chemical constituents of Curcuma longa L. rhizomes extract inhibit the growth of human hepatoma cell line (HepG2)

The present study was designed to identify the chemical constituents of the methanolic extract of Curcuma longa L. rhizomes and their inhibitory effect on a hepatoma cell line. The methanolic extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis to identify the volatile constituents and the other part of the same extract was subjected to liquid column chromatographic separation to isolate curcumin. The inhibition of cell growth in the hepatoma cell line and the cytopathological changes were studied. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of fifty compounds in the methanolic extract of C. longa. The major compounds were ar-turmerone (20.50 %), β-sesquiphellandrene (5.20 %) and curcumenol (5.11 %). Curcumin was identified using IR, 1H and 13C NMR. The inhibition of cell growth by curcumin (IC50 = 41.69 ± 2.87 μg mL-1) was much more effective than that of methanolic extract (IC50 = 196.12 ± 5.25 μg mL-1). Degenerative and apoptotic changes were more evident in curcumin- treated hepatoma cells than in those treated with the methanol extract. Antitumor potential of the methanolic extract may be attributed to the presence of sesquiterpenes and phenolic constituents including curcumin (0.051 %, 511.39 μg g-1 dried methanol extract) in C. longa rhizomes