Incentivos e limites da legislação ambiental brasileira para os sistemas agroflorestais: o caso Cooperafloresta

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, Florianópolis, 2014.A pesquisa apresenta os Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAFs) como alternativa para a construção de uma agricultura ética baseada no saber dos "povos das florestas". Entretanto, o contexto atual é a pouca presença de políticas públicas e regulamentação da legislação ambiental que os favoreçam no país. Tendo como universo de pesquisa o das comunidades tradicionais associadas à Cooperafloresta, que é uma associação de agricultores, localizada nos municípios de Adrianópolis e Bocaiúva do Sul ? Paraná e Barra do Turvo ? São Paulo, este estudo oferece uma visão sobre os limites e incentivos, os benefícios ecossistêmicos, econômicos e socioambientais que os SAFs possam oferecer e discutida as leis ambientais vigentes. Este estudo tem como pressuposto epistemológico a ecologia de saberes combinando as ?vozes da floresta?, a teoria acadêmica, a prática agroflorestal empírica e a lógica do mercado. A metodologia foi triangulada em um estudo de caso, observação participante e diálogo de saberes, onde se usou a observação do pesquisador, questionário e entrevistas. O método integrou os diferentes saberes ecológicos dentro do conceito da racionalidade ambiental analisado de forma dialética. Considerou-se a permanência de famílias agricultoras praticantes de agroflorestas, como um caminho para alcançar a conservação ambiental em Áreas de Preservação Permanente, com base na experiência dos sistemas agroflorestais da Cooperafloresta. Conclui-se que: há arcabouço legal para a compatibilização do uso de sistemas agroflorestais com a conservação ambiental com o uso de práticas agrícolas adequadas aos objetivos das áreas legalmente protegidas. Defende-se a valorização, fortalecimento e melhoria da qualidade de vida das famílias dos agricultores agroflorestais para a superação da problemática sócio-econômica-ambiental em que vivem.Abstract : The present study proposes Agroforestry Systems (AFS's) as an alternative to build up an ethical agriculture based on the "forest's peoples" knowledge. Nevertheless, the current context is the little presence of a clean policies and regulations that favours AFS's in the country. The research was carried on the universe of traditional communities associated to Cooperafloresta, an association of small farm holders, located in the municipalities of Adrianópolis and Bocaiúva do Sul - Paraná and Barra do Turvo - São Paulo. A view about limits and incentives for AFS's, based on the survey of ecosystem and socio environmental services. Also, in course environmental laws are discussed. This study has, as epistemological assumption, the ecology of knowledge's associated to "forest voices", academic theories, agroforestry empirical practices and market logic. The methodology was triangulated in a case study, participant observations and knowledge's dialogs, where was applied the researcher's observations, questionnaires and interviews. The method integrated ecological knowledge's inside the concept of Environmental Rationality dialectically analysed. The permanence of agriculturer's families, participants of AFS's, is considered as a way to achieve environmental conservation in Permanent Protected Areas, based on the experience in AFS's of Cooperafloresta. It was concluded that: there are legal support for the compatibility of environmental conservation on legally protected areas with the use of AFS's while using adequate agricultural practices. Formation of empower and increases in quality of life of AFS's families is supported to overcome the socio-economic problematic they live

Uncertainty analysis in integrated assessment: the users’ perspective

Integrated Assessment (IA) models aim at providing information- and decision-support to complex problems. This paper argues that uncertainty analysis in IA models should be user-driven in order to strengthen science–policy interaction. We suggest an approach to uncertainty analysis that starts with investigating model users’ demands for uncertainty information. These demands are called “uncertainty information needs”. Identifying model users’ uncertainty information needs allows focusing the analysis on those uncertainties which users consider relevant and meaningful. As an illustrative example, we discuss the case of examining users’ uncertainty information needs in the SEAMLESS Integrated Framework (SEAMLESS-IF), an IA model chain for assessing and comparing alternative agricultural and environmental policy options. The most important user group of SEAMLESS-IF are policy experts at the European and national level. Uncertainty information needs of this user group were examined in an interactive process during the development of SEAMLESS-IF and by using a questionnaire. Results indicate that users’ information requirements differed from the uncertainty categories considered most relevant by model developers. In particular, policy experts called for addressing a broader set of uncertainty sources (e.g. model structure and technical model setup). The findings highlight that investigating users’ uncertainty information needs is an essential step towards creating confidence in an IA model and its outcomes. This alone, however, may not be sufficient for effectively implementing a user-oriented uncertainty analysis in such models. As the case study illustrates, it requires to include uncertainty analysis into user participation from the outset of the IA modelling process

Femoral Arterial Thrombosis After Cardiac Catheterization In Infancy: Impact of Doppler Ultrasound for Diagnosis

Femoral arterial thrombosis (FAT) is a nonnegligible complication after cardiac catheterization (CC) in infancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Doppler ultrasound (US) for diagnostic work-up after catheterization. We compared standard follow-up (FU) without Doppler US by relying on clinical signs of FAT with advanced FU using Doppler US of the femoral vessels. Between January and December 2009, we evaluated the rate of FAT in infants <12months of age using a multicenter, prospective observational survey. We analysed 171 patients [mean age 4.1±3.3 (SD) months; mean body weight 5.3±1.8kg] from 6 participating centres. The mean duration of catheter studies was 57.7±38.0min. The overall rate of FAT based on clinical diagnosis was 4.7% and was comparable in both groups [3.4% undergoing standard FU vs. 7.4% undergoing advanced FU (p=0.15)]. However, the overall rate of thrombosis as screened by Doppler US was greater at 7.1%, especially in patients after advanced FU [18.5% advanced vs. standard FU 1.7% (p<0.01)]. In conclusion, FAT remains a relevant and underestimated complication after catheterization in young infants when relying only on clinical signs of FAT. Therefore, to start effective treatment as soon as possible, we recommend Doppler US to be performed the day after C

Trade and Global Value Chains Initiative: Mid-Term Evaluation Report

The Trade and Global Value Chains Initiative seeks to test whether investments in social upgrading (better working conditions and access to better work) can lead to business and development gains, and also ensure that better skilled, younger workers enter the sector and work more productively. Previous research indicated that companies do not invest in social upgrading because they lack both sufficient incentive to act on their own and convincing evidence of the benefits. Investment with other stakeholders in social upgrading could deliver business benefits and help to ensure the longer-term profitability and sustainability of corporate supply chains. A catalytic fund is the delivery mechanism (a modified challenge fund with technical advice provided to grantees), making public funds available to successful coalition applicants and leveraging private sector investment. The aim is to facilitate corporate behavioural change, benefitting workers/smallholders (social upgrading) and suppliers and retailers (economic upgrading). The TGVCI focuses on Ready Made Garments, Bangladesh, and horticulture in South Africa and Kenya. This report presents the Mid-Term Evaluation (MTE) of the TGVCI conducted by the Evaluation Management Unit (EMU). Twenty projects have been funded in two rounds. The Round 1 projects are nearing completion and Round 2 projects are still on-going. This slightly delayed implementation means that the evidence available and the analysis feasible at this stage are necessarily limited. The projects do nevertheless allow reasonable conclusions to be drawn on relevance, effectiveness and plausible impacts, provide initial findings on cost-effectiveness and indications on sustainability

Personal non-commercial use only

ABSTRACT. Objective. To evaluate the metric properties and practicability of valid, internationally available outcome instruments in the special setting of health resort programs. Methods. A cohort study in a convenience sample of patients with low back pain, upper back pain, conditions of the lower extremities, and conditions of the upper extremities was conducted. Their functioning and health were assessed before and after a health resort program by the disease- Spa therapy has a long tradition in many European countries and in Israel as a credible medical treatment 1,2 . Treatment programs at spas combine treatment with local resources such as thermal water or mineral water with physical medicine interventions and traditional medicine to optimize functioning and health. The goals of health resort programs are to overcome impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions (a rehabilitative strategy) and to prevent further loss of functioning (a preventive strategy) 3 . Although the condition may not be cured or prevented, spa therapy can improve function and minimize disability. Some controlled clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of spa therapy in reducing pain and improving physical function and quality of life in patients with low back pain 4 , osteoarthritis (OA) 5 , rheumatoid arthritis 6,7 , and ankylosing spondylitis 8 . Combined spa exercises showed a favorable cost-effectiveness compared with standard treatment alone in patients with ankylosing spondylitis 9 . A systematic review on the efficacy of balneotherapy for OA of the knee concluded that this therapy has short-term benefits for pain relief and function 10 . However, a Cochrane review on balneotherapy and its efficacy in treating rheumatoid arthritis concluded that a firm conclusion on the effectiveness of balneotherapy cannot be drawn, because the number of high-quality studies was small and several studies had methodological flaws 11 . One of the authors&apos; recommendations was that new research should use outcome measures that are relevant to patients and are adequate and responsive to the study treatment. Responsiveness of an instrument refers to the magnitude of change in scores associated with a given change in the health status. For group comparisons, the greater the responsiveness of an outcome measure, the fewer subjects required to detect a significant treatment effect 12 . A variety of statistical methods such as effect size (ES) or standardized response mean (SRM) have been used to assess responsiveness, and no single one is superio

Wasser und Eis - Satellitendaten zur Bilanzierung von Massentransporten

Beitrag zu Wasser und Eissatellitendaten zur Bilanzierung von Massentransporten anläßlich einer Festschrift zum 65. Geburtstag von Prof. Reinhard Dietrich

Status of the Correlation Process of the V-HAB Simulation with Ground Tests and ISS Telemetry Data

The Virtual Habitat (V-HAB) is a dynamic Life Support System (LSS) simulation, created to investigate future human spaceflight missions. V-HAB provides the capability to optimize LSS during early design phases. Furthermore, it allows simulation of worst case scenarios which cannot be tested in reality. In a nutshell, the tool allows the testing of LSS robustness by means of computer simulations. V-HAB is a modular simulation consisting of a: 1. Closed Environment Module 2. Crew Module 3. Biological Module 4. Physio-Chemical Module The focus of the paper will be the correlation and validation of V-HAB against ground test and flight data. The ECLSS technologies (CDRA, CCAA, OGA, etc.) are correlated one by one against available ground test data, which is briefly described in this paper. The technology models in V-HAB are merged to simulate the ISS ECLSS. This simulation is correlated against telemetry data from the ISS, including the water recovery system and the air revitalization system. Finally, an analysis of the results is included in this paper

Development of a conceptual framework for integrated analysis and assessment of agricultural systems in SEAMLESS-IF

Production Economics,

Agroforestry Multistrata Systems and the Brazilian Environmental Law: Challenges and Solutions

Imerso no universo de pesquisa das comunidades tradicionais associadas à Cooperafloresta – associação de agricultores agroflorestais localizada nos municípios de Adrianópolis e Bocaiúva do Sul/Paraná e Barra do Turvo/São Paulo –, este artigo apresenta uma discussão dialética sobre os desafios e soluções da vigente legislação ambiental brasileira para a prática dos sistemas agroflorestais. Observa-se que o contexto atual é a pouca presença de políticas ambientais e regulamentação da legislação que os favoreçam no país. Para identificar e descrever o arcabouço legal das agroflorestas na lei, a metodologia foi baseada em um estudo de caso, revisão bibliográfica e observação participante. Com base nas experiências agroflorestais da Cooperafloresta, aponta-se que os principais protagonistas da conservação ambiental são as famílias agricultoras praticantes de agroflorestas. Portanto, defende-se a formação de políticas públicas como as do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais (PSA) e o Sistema Participativo de Garantia (SPG) para a fixação, valorização, empoderamento e melhoria da qualidade de vida dessas famílias para a superação da problemática socioeconômica-ambiental. Conclui-se que há arcabouço legal para a compatibilização do uso de sistemas agroflorestais com a conservação ambiental e o uso de práticas agrícolas adequadas aos objetivos das áreas legalmente protegidas.Immersed in the research universe of traditional communities associated with Cooperafloresta – association of agroforestry farmers located in the municipalities of Adrianópolis and Bocaiúva do Sul/Paraná, and Barra do Turvo/São Paulo – this paper presents a dialectical discussion of challenges and solutions of the current Brazilian environmental laws for agroforestry practice. The current context is the lack of presence of environmental policies and regulations in favor of the legislation in the country. To identify and describe the legal agroforestry framework in the law, the methodology was based on a case study, literature review and participant observation. Based on the experiences of Cooperafloresta’s agroforestry, the main protagonists of environmental conservation were pointed out to be farming families practicing agroforestry. Therefore, the formation of public policies such as the Acquisition of Food Program (PAA), Payment for Environmental Services (PES), and Participatory Guarantee System (SPG), for fixation, salutation, empowerment and increase in quality of life of those families is supported to overcome the socio-economic problematic they are facing. It was concluded that there is legal support for the compatibility of environmental conservation on legally protected areas with the use of AFS’s while using adequate agricultural practices

Agricultural Production and Externalities Simulator (APES) prototype to be used in Prototype 1 of SEAMLESS-IF

Production Economics,