The essential-oil composition of Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg. from Trabzon-Turkey

Previously, the essential oil from the aerial parts of Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg. (Asteraceae) from Serbia was reported to have a complex composition with (E,Z)-farnesol, (E)-nerolidol, β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, intermedeol, and alantolactone as the main components [1]. The plant material analyzed in the current study was collected in July 2017 from Maçka-Trabzon with an aim to identify the chemical constituents of T. speciosa essential oil from Turkey (for the first time) and compare it with the reported oil from Serbia. The essential oil was obtained from air-dried aerial parts of the plant by hydrodistillation (3 h) using a Clevenger apparatus in a yield of 0.06% (v/w). The essential oil was diluted 1:10 (v/v) with n-hexane and used as such for the GC-MS analysis. The essential oil was analyzed with an Agilent 5977 MSD GC-MS system operating in EI mode; injector and MS transfer line temperatures were set at 250 °C. Splitless injection was used in the analysis. Innowax FSC column (60 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm film thickness) and helium as the carrier gas (1 mL/min) were used in GC-MS analyses. The oven temperature program was: 60 °C for 10 min and then raised to 220 °C at a rate of 4 °C/min, afterwards the temperature was kept constant at 220 °C for 10 min and then raised to 240 °C at a rate of 1 °C/min. Mass spectra were recorded at 70 eV with the mass range m/z 35-425. Relative amounts of the separated compounds were calculated from the integration of the peaks in MS chromatograms. Identification of essential-oil components was carried out by comparison of their retention indices (RI), relative to a series of n-alkanes (C5 to C30), with the literature values, as well as by mass spectral comparison. One hundred thirty-four compounds were identified representing 80.5% of the detected oil constituents. The main components of the oil were caryophyllene oxide (8.2%), β-caryophyllene (6.0%), precocene II (3.9%), isoalantolactone (3.5%), trans-phytol (2.9%), nerol (2.9%), hexadecenoic acid (2.6%), neryl propionate (2.5%), and thymohydroquinone dimethyl ether (2.3%). The oil composition of T. speciosa was very complex as reported previously [1], but the yield in the present study was higher. Caryophyllene oxide and β-caryophyllene were both detected in T. speciosa from Turkey and Serbia. However, the Turkish oil did not contain (E,Z)-farnesol and (E)-nerolidol. The AChE-inhibitory activity of the essential oil was 8±1% at 10 mg/mL

Composition and AChE-inhibitory properties of Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson subsp. typhoides (Briq.) Harley var. typhoides (L.) Hudson essential oil

There are many reports on the essential-oil composition of the subspecies of Mentha longifolia (Lamiaceae). As an example, the essential oil of the capensis subspecies from South Africa was reported to contain menthone (50.9%), pulegone (19.3%), and 1,8-cineole (11.9%) [1]. Another report indicated carvone (67.3%), limonene (13.5%), and 1,8-cineole (5.4%) as the main components of M. longifolia subsp. schimperi oil [2]. Previously, ten different chemotypes of M. longifolia subsp. typhoides var. typhoides were reported in the Tokat flora [3]. Various chemotypes were also detected from Northern Turkey and from the Marmara region [4,5]. In the current study, the essential-oil composition of Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson subsp. typhoides (Briq.) Harley var. typhoides (L.) Hudson from Maçka–Trabzon was investigated. The essential oil of the aerial parts of the plant was obtained by hydrodistillation (3 h) using a Clevenger apparatus. The essential-oil yield was found to be 0.65% (v/w). The essential oil was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The essential oil was diluted with n-hexane (1:10, v/v) and analyzed as such by GC-MS. The analysis was performed on an Agilent 5977 MSD GC-MS system. Ninety-one compounds were identified in the essential oil representing 97.2% of the detected oil constituents. The main components of the oil were isodihydrocarvone (31.4%), dihydrocarvone (14.5%), β-caryophyllene (9.2%), and limonene (7.5%). A similar carvone-rich chemotype was reported previously [5]. The essential oil was also demonstrated to cause 33.1±0.9%; 29±3%; 5.4±0.4%  (n=3) of inhibition of AChE activity, at 10, 5 and 1 mg/mL, respectively

Plant Parasitic and Virus Vector Nematodes Associated with Vineyards in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey

WOS: 000338176400035Grapevines is host for many plant parasitic nematode species and virus transmission species. Surveys were undertaken in 15 vineyards in Turkey. Samples were taken from each vineyard older than 10 years, from depth of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm. Totally 300 subsamples were examined. In this study, 22 species were identified belonging to 16 genus within Tylenchida, Aphelenchida, Dorylaimida and Triplonchida orders from soil and root samples of vine (Vitis vinifera L.) in the Central Anatolia Region (Nevsehir, Karaman, Konya, Isparta and Burdur provinces). Malenchus fusiformis, Aphelenchoides clarus, A. confusus, Rotylenchus (R.) colbrani, Xiphinema diversicaudatum and Trichodorus similis were found for the first time in Turkey. The species most frequently encountered were X pachtaicum and Helicotylenchus crenacauda.General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (GDAR), Food, Agriculture and Livestock Ministry [TAGEM/BS/96/06/09/502]This study is part of a research project "The vineyards of Central Anatolia Region Integrated Pest Management Research, Practice and Training Project" TAGEM/BS/96/06/09/502, supported by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (GDAR), Food, Agriculture and Livestock Ministry

Effective use of electroconvulsive therapy in elderly psychiatric patients

Amaç: Bu çalışmada bir üniversite hastanesi psikiyatri kliniğinde yatarak tedavi gören 60 yaş ve üstü yaşlı hastaların retrospektif bir değerlendirme ile elektrokonvülsif tedavi (EKT) uygulanan hastaların özellikleri, EKT uygulanma sıklığı, EKT'ye kısa dönemde yanıt verme sıklıkları ve EKT komplikasyonlarının saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 1990-2001 yılları arasında Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri kliniğinde yatarak EKT tedavisi gören 60 yaş ve üzerindeki 20 hasta (11 erkek, 9 kadın) dahil edilmiştir. Bu hastaların klinik kayıtları ve yatış dosyalarından sosyodemografik özellikleri, psikiyatrik tanıları, EKT endikasyonları, yapılan EKT sayısı, komplikasyonlar ve EKT'ye klinik yanıtları kaydedilerek değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Bulgular: On iki yıllık dönem içerisinde kliniğimize yatmış olan 112 yaşlı hastanın 20'sine (%17.9) EKT uygulandığı belirlenmiştir. EKT tedavisi gören 20 yaşlı hastanın 18'inin majör depresyon tanısı ile tedavi edildiği, ortalama 7.6 seans bilateral EKT uygulanmış olduğu ve %75'inin EKT'ye olumlu yanıt verdiği belirlendi. EKT'ye yanıt veren ve vermeyen grup arasında yaş, cinsiyet, uygulanan EKT sayısı, yatış süresi, komplikasyon gelişimi ve psikotik özellik sıklığı açısından anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmadı. Hastaların %55'inde komplikasyon geliştiği belirlendi. En sık görülen komplikasyonlar bellek bozukluğu ve konfüzyondu. Tüm komplikasyonların EKT'nin sonlandırılmasından sonraki üç hafta içinde tamamen geçtiği saptandı. Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları 60 yaş üstü yaşlı hastalarda, özellikle major depresyonda, EKT'nin kısa dönemde diğer yaş gruplarında olduğu gibi, etkin, güvenilir bir somatik tedavi yöntemi olduğunu desteklemektedirObjective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) use, the features of patients who underwent ECT treatment, short term treatment response to ECT and the rate of complications among elderly psychiatric inpatients with an age older than 60 years in an university hospital setting between 1990 and 2001. Method: Twenty patients (11 men, 9 women) who had been hospitalized in Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine Psychiatry Clinic between 1990 and 2001 and received ECT were included in the study. The sociodemographic features, diagnosis, ECT indications, the features of ECT course, complications and clinical reponse rate were recorded and retrospectively evaluated. Results: During 12 year period, 20 of 112 elderly patients (17.9%received ECT as a part of their treatment. Among these patients 18 were treated with a diagnosis of major depression. Patients received an average number of 7.6 ECT treatment and 75% of them showed moderate to marked improvement after ECT treatment. There were no differences between responders and non-responders to ECT with respect to age, sex, number of ECT treatment, hospitalization period, complication rate and psychotic features. Fifty five percent of patients developed complication as a result of ECT. The most common complications were memory disturbances and confusion, all of which disappeared three weeks after the last round of ECT treatment. Conclusion: The findings of this study confirmed the results of previous studies indicating the efficacy, safety and reliability of ECT among elderly psychiatric patients as in other age groups

Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Comprehensive Assessment

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most important discoveries of psychiatric treatments. This article comprehensively assesses historical progress, mechanism of actions, practical methods, indications, side effects, complications, drug interactions of ECT and attitudes towards ECT. [Archives Medical Review Journal 2003; 12(4.000): 340-377

Prevalence of Alcohol and Substance Use Disorder among Psychiatric Inpatients

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of alcohol and substance use disorders in psychiatric inpatient clinics and determine the frequencies of alcohol and substance use disorder among psychiatric disease groups and find out the differences in between these groups. Material and Methods: Thus all patients admitted to inpatients psychiatric clinics of in one year period were approached for inclusion into this study, and 155 patients with a hospitalization period longer than one day who provided informed consent were included in the study. All patients included in the study were interviewed with a semi structured interview scale to get information regarding the presence of alcohol, nicotine and other substance use disorder. Results: The results of this study confirmed high rates of alcohol, nicotine and substance use disorder comorbidity in psychiatric inpatients. The results of one year prospective follow up study revealed that 57.4% of patients had nicotine dependence, 21.9% alcohol dependence and misuse and 9% had sedative misuse or dependence. The rate of substance use disorder was high among all psychiatric disorder subgroups. Considering all substances including nicotine together, 55% of patients with psychotic disorder had at least one substance use disorder whereas these figures were 61% and 81% for affective disorders and anxiety disorders respectively. Conclusion: Professionals dealing with treatment of psychiatric disorders should always be aware of substance use disorder comorbidity, and start treatment immediately without causing any delay in treatment. Obviously we need future large prospective studies to get more insight into these dual-diagnose disorders. [Cukurova Med J 2012; 37(1): 37-48

Assessment of co-morbidity of adult separation anxiety in patients with bipolar disorder

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the co-morbidity of adult separation anxiety in bipolar patients and evaluate its effects on the course of disorder and functionality. Method: A total of 70 patients who have been regularly followed in the Bipolar Disorder Unit were included in the study. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV – Axis I and Axis II disorders and demographic form were used. Separation anxiety was investigated by the Structured Clinical Interview for Separation Anxiety Symptoms (SCI-SAS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) was filled out by an interviewer. In addition, all patients completed the Bipolar Disorder Functioning Questionnaire (BDFQ), Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory (SASI) and Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (ASA). Results: The prevalence rate of co-morbid adult separation anxiety disorder (A-SepAD) was 54% (n = 38) in our sample. Age of onset was in adulthood among 36% of patients with a diagnosis of A-SepAD and the others (64%) were childhood-onset. Co-morbidity of personality disorders was more common in bipolar patients with childhood-onset separation anxiety disorder (C-SepAD). The lifetime prevalence of co-morbidity of specific phobias and number of suicide attempts were significantly higher in the group with A-SepAD. Functionality loss due to feeling of stigmatization was higher, and total functionality as measured by the BDFQ was found to be lower in bipolar patients with A-SepAD. Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that 54% of bipolar patients had a diagnosis of A-SepAD. A-SepAD seems to increase the number of suicide attempts and have negative effects on functionality. A-SepAD should be assessed in regular interviews of patients with bipolar disorder

Psychiatric Problems in Patients with Breast Cancer

Cancer is a physical disorder with concurrent mental and social components. During cancer, the feelings of fear, hopelessness, guilt, helplessness, abandonment perceived as a crisis leading to destruction in the suffering person. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among cancer patients is approximately 50% and most of disorders are related with the occurrence of cancer and cancer treatment. Majority of patients present with major depression, adjustment disorder, anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, suicidial ideation, and delirium. Treatment of psychiatric disorders and cancer therapy should be conducted along with special consideration of drug interactions. This article reviews the adaptation process experienced by individuals during diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, it psychological effects, resulting psychiatric comorbidites and their treatments. [Archives Medical Review Journal 2012; 21(3.000): 189-219

Effects of insecticides and synergistic chemicals on the efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) against Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

© 2021 Elsevier LtdThe Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is considered as one of the most important pests of potato plants. Control of CPB is mainly based on chemical insecticides. However, control failure is often reported because of the rapid resistance development ability of CPB; therefore, there is an urgent need for integrated control methods. In this study, we evaluated the combined usage of insecticides chlorantraniliprole, spinosad, and spinetoram, which are registered for CPB control, with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae). In addition, the efficacy of S. feltiae on a chlorantraniliprole-resistant CPB population exposed to synergistic chemicals PBO (Piperonyl butoxide), DEM (Diethyl maleate) and DEF (S,S,S-tributylphorotrithioate) inhibiting certain detoxification enzyme groups was determined. The tested insecticides showed no adverse effect on the survival and infectivity of S. feltiae and the isolate was considered compatible with integrated CPB control. This study also showed that pre-treatment with synergistic chemicals (particularly PBO and DEM) increased the efficacy of S. feltiae against CPB. To our knowledge, this is the first study determining the usage of entomopathogenic nematode + synergist combination. Therefore, further studies on the potential use of synergistic chemicals in combination with entomopathogenic nematodes should be performed under both laboratory and field conditions

Depression and anxiety in chronic renal failure

Çocukların organik hastalıklara tepkisi; yaş, gelişim evresi, hastalığın getirdiği zorluklar, sağaltımın türü ve yan etkileri, kısıtlamalar, hastalığın algılanması, diğer insanların tepkileri, duygularını yeniden düzenleme ve kişilik gibi etmenlerin sonucu olarak gelişmektedir. Hemodiyaliz, son dönem böbrek yetmezliği olan çocuğun yaşamını uzatmış, ancak çocuğun hastalığa verdiği tepkileri de etkilemiştir. Bu çalışmada, Çocuklar İçin Depresyon Ölçeği ve Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği ile son dönem böbrek yetmezliği olan ve hemodiyaliz sağaltımındaki 20 ergen değerlendirildi. Kronik böbrek yetmezliği olan ve konservatif sağaltım yöntemleri ile izlenen 20 ergenle karşılaştırıldı. Depresif belirti puanları ortalama değerlerde, kaygı puanları her iki grupta da yüksek olarak belirlendi. Sonuçlar, hemodiyaliz ve konservatif sağaltım alan hastaların depresyon ve kaygı puanları arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığını göstermektedir.How children react to an illness is a reflection of their age; stage of development; discomfort from the illness; the type of treatment and its side effects; the limitations placed on them; their understanding of the illness; the reactions of other other persons and their emotional makeup and personality. Hemodialysis has prolonged the lifetime of children with endstage renal disease, but it effects most of the factors related with children reaction to the illness. In this study, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Depression Scale For Children administered to twenty adolescent with endstage renal disease who receive hemodialysis therapy, and as a control group twenty adolescent with chronic renal failure who had followed with conservative therapy. Depression scores were moderate , but anxiety scores were high in both groups. The results showed that the group receiving hemodialysis therapy and the group going on conservative therapy had no statistically difference according depression and anxiety scores