Connection of Social Policy Implementation with the Dynamics of Social Orphanhood in Russian Regions

The problem of social orphanhood is one of the most important fmong the social problems of modern Russia, it is acute for a society. In the study of the problems of social orphanage, we used the author’s methods of ranking the regions of Russia according to the dynamics of indicators, an integrated index of “favorable” changes, as well as rating data and indicators of the development of regions of Russia implemented by subjects of social policy and the system of protecting children's rights. Based on the results of the study, the main problems in the social protection of families and citizens in difficult situations are identified. The problems lie in the areas of financial security of social programs, legislative regulation, information support. The results of the study can be used in the activities of social support services. The preventive of social orphanage should be measures of an active social policy

Features of Cost Advantages from Implementation of Energy-Saving Projects

The implementation of the tasks envisaged by the National Security Strategy provides for the creation and implementation of projects aimed at the formation of the appropriate infrastructure of the regions. The most important component of the regional infrastructure is the energy one, which ensures the solution of urgent problems of the population and enterprises of the regions in obtaining energy and heat supply services. The achievement of the abovementioned goal is provided by introduction of investment projects, the implementation of which makes it possible to obtain cost advantages by consumers of services. Analysis of these projects' implementation programs over a long period of time confirms the significant cost advantages, the importance of which is determined by its social significance. The purpose of this paper is studying issues aimed at analyzing, assessment and shaping the cost benefits of the introduction of energy-efficient innovative technologies for heat-saving at enterprises of the public utilities sector. The study methods for this issue include the cost-benefit analysis, the cost efficiency assessment, tabular and graphical methods, which allow visualizing the structure of the economic effect and identifying its features. The paper presents the structure of the cost advantages gained by consumers that introduce innovative energy-saving technologies. The study revealed the features of the cost benefits formation, their structure, characteristic of these technologies. The paper draws a conclusion about the effectiveness of these projects, confirmed by the results of calculations, for consumers of services. Materials of the article are of practical value for professionals engaged in analysis and evaluation of energy/heat conservation projects, as well as for organizations that implement project outputs when comparing future benefits and costs as opposed to alternative technologies. Keywords: cost advantages; cost benefits; cost advantage assessment method; energy security; energy saving; heat saving; project costs and results. JEL Classifications: D24; Q43; M31 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.764

Effect of early-stage human breast carcinoma on monocyte programming

Circulating monocytes are a major source of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs in human breast cancer (BC) support primary tumor growth and metastasis. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a commonly used treatment for BC patients. The absence of the response to NAC has major negative consequences for the patient: increase of tumor mass, delayed surgery, and unnecessary toxicity. We aimed to identify the effect of BC on the subpopulation content and transcriptome of circulating monocytes. We examined how monocyte phenotypes correlate with the response to NAC. The percentage of CD14-, CD16-, CD163-, and HLA-DR-expressing monocytes was quantified by flow cytometry for patients with T1-4N0-3M0 before NAC. The clinical efficacy of NAC was assessed by RECIST criteria of RECIST 1.1 and by the pathological complete response (pCR). The percentage of CD14+ and СD16+ monocytes did not differ between healthy women and BC patients and did not differ between NAC responders and non-responders. The percentage of CD163-expressing CD14lowCD16+ and CD14+CD16+ monocytes was increased in BC patients compared to healthy women (99.08% vs. 60.00%, p = 0.039, and 98.08% vs. 86.96%, p = 0.046, respectively). Quantitative immunohistology and confocal microscopy demonstrated that increased levels of CD163+ monocytes are recruited in the tumor after NAC. The percentage of CD14lowCD16+ in the total monocyte population positively correlated with the response to NAC assessed by pCR: 8.3% patients with pCR versus 2.5% without pCR (p = 0.018). Search for the specific monocyte surface markers correlating with NAC response evaluated by RECIST 1.1 revealed that patients with no response to NAC had a significantly lower amount of CD14lowCD16+HLA-DR+ cells compared to the patients with clinical response to NAC (55.12% vs. 84.62%, p = 0.005). NGS identified significant changes in the whole transcriptome of monocytes of BC patients. Regulators of inflammation and monocyte migration were upregulated, and genes responsible for the chromatin remodeling were suppressed in monocyte BC patients. In summary, our study demonstrated that presence of BC before distant metastasis is detectable, significantly effects on both monocyte phenotype and transcriptome. The most striking surface markers were CD163 for the presence of BC, and HLA-DR (CD14lowCD16+HLA-DR+) for the response to NAC

PFKFB3 overexpression in monocytes of patients with colon but not rectal cancer programs pro-tumor macrophages and is indicative for higher risk of tumor relapse

Introduction: Circulating monocytes are main source for tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that control tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and therapy resistance. We raised the questions how monocyte programming is affected by growing tumors localized in colon and rectal sections, and how treatment onsets affect monocyte programming in the circulation. Methods: Patients with rectal cancer and colon cancer were enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood monocytes were characterized by phenotypic analysis using flow cytometry, by transcriptomic analysis using RNA sequencing and by gene expression analysis using real-time RT-PCR. Phenotypic analysis was performed with IF/confocal microscopy. Spatial transcriptomic analysis was applied using GeoMX DSP-NGS. Results: In patients with rectal cancer, increased amount of CCR2+ monocytes was indicative for the absence of both lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis. In contrast, in patients with colon cancer CD163+ monocytes were indicative for LN metastasis. NGS analysis identified tumor-specific transcriptional programming of monocytes in all CRC patients compared to healthy individuals. The key transcriptional difference between monocytes of patients with colon and rectal cancer was increased expression of PFKFB3, activator of glycolysis that is currently considered as therapy target for major solid cancers. PFKFB3-expressing monocyte-derived macrophages massively infiltrated tumor in colon. Nanostring technology identified correlation of PFKFB3 with amount and tumor-promoting properties of TAMs in colon but not in rectal cancer. PFKFB3 was indicative for tumor relapse specifically in colon cancer. Discussion: Our findings provide essential argument towards CRC definition to cover two clinically distinct cancers – colon cancer and rectal cancer, that differentially interact with innate immunity

PFKFB3 overexpression in monocytes of patients with colon but not rectal cancer programs pro-tumor macrophages and is indicative for higher risk of tumor relapse

IntroductionCirculating monocytes are main source for tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that control tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and therapy resistance. We raised the questions how monocyte programming is affected by growing tumors localized in colon and rectal sections, and how treatment onsets affect monocyte programming in the circulation.MethodsPatients with rectal cancer and colon cancer were enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood monocytes were characterized by phenotypic analysis using flow cytometry, by transcriptomic analysis using RNA sequencing and by gene expression analysis using real-time RT-PCR. Phenotypic analysis was performed with IF/confocal microscopy. Spatial transcriptomic analysis was applied using GeoMX DSP-NGS.ResultsIn patients with rectal cancer, increased amount of CCR2+ monocytes was indicative for the absence of both lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis. In contrast, in patients with colon cancer CD163+ monocytes were indicative for LN metastasis. NGS analysis identified tumor-specific transcriptional programming of monocytes in all CRC patients compared to healthy individuals. The key transcriptional difference between monocytes of patients with colon and rectal cancer was increased expression of PFKFB3, activator of glycolysis that is currently considered as therapy target for major solid cancers. PFKFB3-expressing monocyte-derived macrophages massively infiltrated tumor in colon. Nanostring technology identified correlation of PFKFB3 with amount and tumor-promoting properties of TAMs in colon but not in rectal cancer. PFKFB3 was indicative for tumor relapse specifically in colon cancer.DiscussionOur findings provide essential argument towards CRC definition to cover two clinically distinct cancers – colon cancer and rectal cancer, that differentially interact with innate immunity

Hearing voices and strange noises after sleeve gastrectomy

Patulous eustachian tube (PET) dysfunction is a rare complication of weight loss, which can be easily misdiagnosed. We present a case of PET dysfunction after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. A 36-year-old Caucasian female with Class III morbid obesity (131 kg, BMI 46.6 kg/m2) successfully underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. At her postoperative follow-up appointment six months later, her weight dropped to 96 kg and she complained of severe autophony (hearing of self-generated sounds), leading to anxiety and insomnia. She was initially misdiagnosed with a sinus infection by her primary care provider and was started on antibiotics. She was subsequently seen by an otolaryngologist who diagnosed her with PET. Weight loss can be a predisposing factor for PET. Our patient did not notice onset of symptoms of PET until significant weight loss (35 kg, 59.5% EWL)

Connection of Social Policy Implementation with the Dynamics of Social Orphanhood in Russian Regions

The problem of social orphanhood is one of the most important fmong the social problems of modern Russia, it is acute for a society. In the study of the problems of social orphanage, we used the author’s methods of ranking the regions of Russia according to the dynamics of indicators, an integrated index of “favorable” changes, as well as rating data and indicators of the development of regions of Russia implemented by subjects of social policy and the system of protecting children's rights. Based on the results of the study, the main problems in the social protection of families and citizens in difficult situations are identified. The problems lie in the areas of financial security of social programs, legislative regulation, information support. The results of the study can be used in the activities of social support services. The preventive of social orphanage should be measures of an active social policy.El problema de la orfandad social es uno de los más importantes entre los problemas sociales de la Rusia moderna, es grave para una sociedad. En el estudio de los problemas del orfanato social, utilizamos los métodos del autor para clasificar las regiones de Rusia de acuerdo con la dinámica de los indicadores, un índice integrado de cambios "favorables", así como datos de calificación e indicadores del desarrollo de las regiones de Rusia. Rusia implementada por temas de política social y sistema de protección infantil. Con base en los resultados del estudio, se identifican los principales problemas en la protección social de familias y ciudadanos en situaciones difíciles. Los problemas radican en las áreas de seguridad financiera de los programas sociales, regulación legislativa, apoyo a la información. Los resultados del estudio pueden usarse en actividades de apoyo social. La prevención del orfanato social debe ser la medida de una política social activa