GENRE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 18TH CENTURY OFFERS (WITH REFERENCE TO THE MIKHAILOVSKY STANITSA ATAMAN ARCHIVE)

The article presents the results of linguistic analysis of the documents from Fond «Mikhailovsky Stanitsa Ataman», State archive of Volgograd region (fund 332, register 1, 1734-1836). Sentence pattern analysis was aimed at discovering pragmatic value of the texts (mid 18th – beginning 19th cent.). The authors state that sentences as main constituents with complicated functionality build a 'vertical communication' structure. The imperative tonality might be used for issuing order or notification (with a shade of command). The comparison of the patterns representation in documents dated by the end of 18th and the beginning of the 19th cen. demonstrated unity in realization of the following genre parameters: addressee, function, dominant modality (tonality), information content, structure, space-and-time localization. The differences are explicated in the addresser position. In the sentences belonging to the end of the 18th cent. there is a solitary addresser, whereas in the 19th cent. it is conjoint, it points to a trend of formality in documentary communication. The transformations in the genre characteristics presented in the sentences under study are attested to some changes in the governmental structure of the Don Cossack Host, which is an extralinguistic reasoning, besides there are some intralingusitic reasons, in particular, evolution of official and documentary style of the Russian language

LEXICAL MEANS OF CONSTRUCTING IMAGES OF GODLINESS DEVOTEES IN HAGIOGRAPHIC TEXTS

The article provides some results of linguistic analysis carried out on biographies of female godliness devotees, that focuses on linguistic representation of culturally significant concepts and moral values of ethnos with religious-and-moral ideals as their central component in hagiographic texts of the 18 th – 19 th centuries. The authors point to the lexical units which belong to two semantic groups: the emotives and perceptives. To create the images of female godliness devotees, the units comprising each of the abovementioned lexical sets are used in a particular way, revealed by the authors. It has been stated, that specific character of emotive vocabulary use in hagiographic texts depends on its functional impact, with characterological function recognized as the major one. The emotive lexical units, regarded as key characteristics, contribute significantly to plot development and genre canonical structure realization. The criteria for selecting lexical units with semantics of perception as well as their pattern of use are determined by the language system peculiarities and existing concept of religious devotion. The paper reviews linguistic means of perceptional processes explication that are significant for describing godliness devotees.The research results establish the dominance of visual perception as a process that determines female devotees’ interaction with the real world and the world beyond reality disclosed to them by the will of the God, (which is reflected in the direct meanings of linguistic units), as well as revealing a connection with mental activity (reflected in the figurative meanings of linguistic units)

Tuning Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of P(V) Phthalocyanines

The ability of P(V) phthalocyanines (Pcs) for efficient singlet oxygen (SO) generation was demonstrated for the first time by the example of unsubstituted and α- and β-octabutoxy-substituted P(V)Pcs with hydroxy, methoxy and phenoxy ligands in the apical positions of the octahedral P centre. Variation of substituents in Pc ring and P(V) axial ligands allows careful tuning of photophysical and photochemical properties. Indeed, a combination of BuO groups in the β-positions of the Pc ring and PhO groups as axial ligands provides significant SO generation quantum yields up to 90%; meanwhile, the values of SO generation quantum yields for others investigated compounds vary from 27 to 55%. All the complexes, except α-substituted P(V)Pc, demonstrate fluorescence with moderate quantum yields (10–16%). The introduction of electron-donating butoxy groups, especially in the α-position, increases the photostability of P(V)Pcs. Moreover, it has been shown in the example of β-BuO-substituted P(V) that the photostability depends on the nature of axial ligands and increases in the next row: OPh < OMe < OH. The presence of oxy/hydroxy axial ligands on the P(V) atom makes it possible to switch the photochemical and photophysical properties of P(V)Pcs by changing the acidity of the media

Tuning Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of P(V) Phthalocyanines

The ability of P(V) phthalocyanines (Pcs) for efficient singlet oxygen (SO) generation was demonstrated for the first time by the example of unsubstituted and &alpha;- and &beta;-octabutoxy-substituted P(V)Pcs with hydroxy, methoxy and phenoxy ligands in the apical positions of the octahedral P centre. Variation of substituents in Pc ring and P(V) axial ligands allows careful tuning of photophysical and photochemical properties. Indeed, a combination of BuO groups in the &beta;-positions of the Pc ring and PhO groups as axial ligands provides significant SO generation quantum yields up to 90%; meanwhile, the values of SO generation quantum yields for others investigated compounds vary from 27 to 55%. All the complexes, except &alpha;-substituted P(V)Pc, demonstrate fluorescence with moderate quantum yields (10&ndash;16%). The introduction of electron-donating butoxy groups, especially in the &alpha;-position, increases the photostability of P(V)Pcs. Moreover, it has been shown in the example of &beta;-BuO-substituted P(V) that the photostability depends on the nature of axial ligands and increases in the next row: OPh &lt; OMe &lt; OH. The presence of oxy/hydroxy axial ligands on the P(V) atom makes it possible to switch the photochemical and photophysical properties of P(V)Pcs by changing the acidity of the media

A Molecular Chameleon: Reversible pH- and Cation-Induced Control of the Optical Properties of Phthalocyanine-Based Complexes in the Visible and Near-Infrared Spectral Ranges

A series of novel nonperipherally substituted tetra-15-crown-5-dibutoxyoxanthrenocyanines (H₂, Mg, Zn), acting as chameleons with the unique properties of switchable absorption and emission in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The attachment of 15-crown-5-α-dibutoxyoxanthreno moieties to phthalocyanine is responsible for the high solubility of the resulting molecules and the red shift of the Q band to the NIR region and offers a unique possibility for postsynthetic modification of the optical properties of the molecules. Both aggregation of phthalocyanine and its participation in an acid–base equilibrium strongly alter their optical properties. For example, the absorption of complexes can be reversibly tuned from 686 up to 1028 nm because of the cation-induced formation of supramolecular dimers or subsequent protonation of <i>meso</i>-N atoms orf macrocycle, in contrast to peripherally substituted tetra-15-crown-5-phthalocyanines without oxanthrene moieties. The reversibility of these processes can be controlled by the addition of [2.2.2]­cryptand or amines. All investigated compounds exhibit fluorescence with moderate quantum yield, which can also be switched between the ON and OFF states by the action of similar agents

A Molecular Chameleon: Reversible pH- and Cation-Induced Control of the Optical Properties of Phthalocyanine-Based Complexes in the Visible and Near-Infrared Spectral Ranges

A series of novel nonperipherally substituted tetra-15-crown-5-dibutoxyoxanthrenocyanines (H₂, Mg, Zn), acting as chameleons with the unique properties of switchable absorption and emission in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The attachment of 15-crown-5-α-dibutoxyoxanthreno moieties to phthalocyanine is responsible for the high solubility of the resulting molecules and the red shift of the Q band to the NIR region and offers a unique possibility for postsynthetic modification of the optical properties of the molecules. Both aggregation of phthalocyanine and its participation in an acid–base equilibrium strongly alter their optical properties. For example, the absorption of complexes can be reversibly tuned from 686 up to 1028 nm because of the cation-induced formation of supramolecular dimers or subsequent protonation of <i>meso</i>-N atoms orf macrocycle, in contrast to peripherally substituted tetra-15-crown-5-phthalocyanines without oxanthrene moieties. The reversibility of these processes can be controlled by the addition of [2.2.2]­cryptand or amines. All investigated compounds exhibit fluorescence with moderate quantum yield, which can also be switched between the ON and OFF states by the action of similar agents

A Molecular Chameleon: Reversible pH- and Cation-Induced Control of the Optical Properties of Phthalocyanine-Based Complexes in the Visible and Near-Infrared Spectral Ranges

A series of novel nonperipherally substituted tetra-15-crown-5-dibutoxyoxanthrenocyanines (H₂, Mg, Zn), acting as chameleons with the unique properties of switchable absorption and emission in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The attachment of 15-crown-5-α-dibutoxyoxanthreno moieties to phthalocyanine is responsible for the high solubility of the resulting molecules and the red shift of the Q band to the NIR region and offers a unique possibility for postsynthetic modification of the optical properties of the molecules. Both aggregation of phthalocyanine and its participation in an acid–base equilibrium strongly alter their optical properties. For example, the absorption of complexes can be reversibly tuned from 686 up to 1028 nm because of the cation-induced formation of supramolecular dimers or subsequent protonation of <i>meso</i>-N atoms orf macrocycle, in contrast to peripherally substituted tetra-15-crown-5-phthalocyanines without oxanthrene moieties. The reversibility of these processes can be controlled by the addition of [2.2.2]­cryptand or amines. All investigated compounds exhibit fluorescence with moderate quantum yield, which can also be switched between the ON and OFF states by the action of similar agents

Atom-by-Atom Resolution of Structure–Function Relations over Low-Nuclearity Metal Catalysts

ISSN:1433-7851ISSN:1521-3773ISSN:0570-083