On parabolic final value problems and well-posedness

We prove that a large class of parabolic final value problems is well posed.This results via explicit Hilbert spaces that characterise the data yielding existence, uniqueness and stability of solutions. This data space is the graph normed domain of an unbounded operator, which represents a new compatibility condition pertinent for final value problems. The framework is evolution equations for Lax--Milgram operators in vector distribution spaces. The final value heat equation on a smooth open set is also covered, and for non-zero Dirichlet data a non-trivial extension of the compatibility condition is obtained by addition of an improper Bochner integral.Comment: 6 pages. Accepted version; a short announcement of results from our full paper on final value problems. Appeared in Comptes Rendu Mathematique

Final value problems for parabolic differential equations and their well-posedness

This article concerns the basic understanding of parabolic final value problems, and a large class of such problems is proved to be well posed. The clarification is obtained via explicit Hilbert spaces that characterise the possible data, giving existence, uniqueness and stability of the corresponding solutions. The data space is given as the graph normed domain of an unbounded operator occurring naturally in the theory. It induces a new compatibility condition, which relies on the fact, shown here, that analytic semigroups always are invertible in the class of closed operators. The general set-up is evolution equations for Lax--Milgram operators in spaces of vector distributions. As a main example, the final value problem of the heat equation on a smooth open set is treated, and non-zero Dirichlet data are shown to require a non-trivial extension of the compatibility condition by addition of an improper Bochner integral.Comment: 39 pages. Revised version, with minor improvements. Essentially identical to the accepted version, which appeared in Axioms on 9 May 201

SHOPP - samhandling HiNT og praksisfelt vedrørende praksis som læringsarena

Vernepleierutdanningen har de siste årene hatt som målsetting å bedre forholdet mellom praksisfelt og utdanningsinstitusjonen. Slik som det foregår i dag blir det utformet avtaler mellom høgskolen og praksisområdet om praksisplasser. Avtalen fastsetter omfang (antall plasser) for hver utdanning og tidsperiode. Ved siden av dette er det den enkelte utdannings praksisdokumenter som legger føringer for de læringsutbytter studenten skal arbeide opp mot i praksisperioden

Privacy and information security risks in a technology platform for home-based chronic disease rehabilitation and education

Background Privacy and information security are important for all healthcare services, including home-based services. We have designed and implemented a prototype technology platform for providing home-based healthcare services. It supports a personal electronic health diary and enables secure and reliable communication and interaction with peers and healthcare personnel. The platform runs on a small computer with a dedicated remote control. It is connected to the patient’s TV and to a broadband Internet. The platform has been tested with home-based rehabilitation and education programs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes. As part of our work, a risk assessment of privacy and security aspects has been performed, to reveal actual risks and to ensure adequate information security in this technical platform. Methods Risk assessment was performed in an iterative manner during the development process. Thus, security solutions have been incorporated into the design from an early stage instead of being included as an add-on to a nearly completed system. We have adapted existing risk management methods to our own environment, thus creating our own method. Our method conforms to ISO’s standard for information security risk management. Results A total of approximately 50 threats and possible unwanted incidents were identified and analysed. Among the threats to the four information security aspects: confidentiality, integrity, availability, and quality; confidentiality threats were identified as most serious, with one threat given an unacceptable level of High risk. This is because health-related personal information is regarded as sensitive. Availability threats were analysed as low risk, as the aim of the home programmes is to provide education and rehabilitation services; not for use in acute situations or for continuous health monitoring. Conclusions Most of the identified threats are applicable for healthcare services intended for patients or citizens in their own homes. Confidentiality risks in home are different from in a more controlled environment such as a hospital; and electronic equipment located in private homes and communicating via Internet, is more exposed to unauthorised access. By implementing the proposed measures, it has been possible to design a home-based service which ensures the necessary level of information security and privacy.publishedVersio

SHOPP - samhandling HiNT og praksisfelt vedrørende praksis som læringsarena

Vernepleierutdanningen har de siste årene hatt som målsetting å bedre forholdet mellom praksisfelt og utdanningsinstitusjonen. Slik som det foregår i dag blir det utformet avtaler mellom høgskolen og praksisområdet om praksisplasser. Avtalen fastsetter omfang (antall plasser) for hver utdanning og tidsperiode. Ved siden av dette er det den enkelte utdannings praksisdokumenter som legger føringer for de læringsutbytter studenten skal arbeide opp mot i praksisperioden

Identifying transferable skills to enhance Early Career Researchers employability

EURODOC conference 2018, 18-19 April, Tampere, FinlandDoctoral candidates are facing a diverse employment landscape that shifted significantly in the last decades, with less than 30 % of doctoral graduates working in academia or in research and development related jobs. In addition to becoming more inter-sectoral, working environments are becoming increasingly inter-national and inter-disciplinary. This development can make the employment requirements often demanding and sometimes overwhelming for doctoral graduates. However, recent research shows that training in transferable skills (i.e. skills learned in one context that are useful in another) can significantly increase doctoral candidates’ employability and promote diverse careers paths. Thus, doctoral candidates have to prepare already during their doctoral period and take sufficient training to successfully satisfy the qualification demands of today’s labor markets. Nevertheless, with (too often) poor supervision and a lack of awareness and structure for transferable skills training in many doctoral programmes, many doctoral candidates struggle to identify the set of transferable skills relevant for their individual situation and, as a consequence, fail to acquire the necessary training and experience. Considering this context, the objective of this study is twofold: (1) identify transferable skills that are relevant for early career researchers to gather during their doctoral training programme, independently of the discipline, in order to increase their employability in multiple work sectors; (2) provide advice on how to gather these skills and, in cases where this is necessary, on how to document them

Attitudes towards sickness absence and sickness presenteeism in health and care sectors in Norway and Denmark: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: In the health and care sector, sickness absence and sickness presenteeism are frequent phenomena and constitute a field in need of exploration. Attitudes towards sickness absence involve also attitudes towards sickness presenteeism, i.e. going to work while sick, confirmed by previous studies. Sickness behavior, reflecting attitudes on work absence, could differ between countries and influence absence rates. But little is known about attitudes towards sickness absence and sickness presenteeism in the health and care sectors in Norway and Denmark. The aim of the present paper is therefore to explore attitudes towards sickness absence and sickness presenteeism among nursing home employees in both countries. METHODS: Eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide, the main attention of which was attitudes towards sickness absence and sickness presenteeism. FGDs were conducted in two nursing homes in Norway and two in Denmark, with different geographic locations: one in a rural area and one in an urban area in each country. FGDs were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using framework analysis to identify major themes and explanatory patterns. RESULTS: Four major significant themes were identified from the FGDs: a) sickness absence and sickness presenteeism, b) acceptable causes of sickness absence, c) job identity, and d) organization of work and physical aspects of the workplace. Our analyses showed that social commitment and loyalty to residents and colleagues was important for sickness absence and sickness presenteeism, as were perceived acceptable and non-acceptable reasons for sickness absence. Organization of work and physical aspects of the workplace were also found to have an influence on attitudes towards sickness absence. CONCLUSIONS: The general interpretation of the findings was that attitudes towards sickness absence and sickness presenteeism among nursing home employees were embedded in situational patterns of moral relationships and were connected to a specific job identity. These patterns were constituted by the perception of colleagues, the social commitment to residents, and they influence on what was deemed as acceptable and non-acceptable reasons for sickness absence. In other words, attitudes towards sickness absence and sickness presenteeism were socially and morally determined at personal levels by an overall concept of work, independent of country

The ePHD protein SPBP interacts with TopBP1 and together they co-operate to stimulate Ets1-mediated transcription

SPBP (Stromelysin-1 PDGF responsive element binding protein) is a ubiquitously expressed 220 kDa nuclear protein shown to enhance or repress the transcriptional activity of various transcription factors. A yeast two-hybrid screen, with the extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) of SPBP as bait, identified TopBP1 (topoisomerase II β-binding protein 1) as a candidate interaction partner of SPBP. TopBP1 has eight BRCA1 carboxy-terminal (BRCT) domains and is involved in DNA replication, DNA damage responses and in the regulation of gene expression. The interaction between SPBP and TopBP1 was confirmed in vitro and in vivo, and was found to be mediated by the ePHD domain of SPBP and the BRCT6 domain of TopBP1. Both SPBP and TopBP1 enhanced the transcriptional activity of Ets1 on the c-myc P1P2- and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) promoters. Together they displayed a more than additive effect. Both proteins were associated with these promoters. The involvement of TopBP1 was dependent on the serine 1159 phosphorylation site, known to be important for transcriptional activation. Depletion of endogenous SPBP by siRNA treatment reduced MMP3 secretion by 50% in phorbol ester-stimulated human fibroblasts. Taken together, our results show that TopBP1 and SPBP interact physically and functionally to co-operate as co-activators of Ets1