Privacy sets for constrained space-filling

The paper provides typology for space filling into what we call "soft" and "hard" methods along with introducing the central notion of privacy sets for dealing with the latter. A heuristic algorithm based on this notion is presented and we compare its performance on some well-known examples

E-theses and the Nordic e-thses initiative

Présentation du programme DiVA (Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkivet in Swedish) d\u27archivage numérique proposé à la bibliothèque de l\u27université d\u27Uppsala, en Suède

On the definition of unemployment and its implementation in register data : the case of Germany

"Unemployment information in individual level register data depends on institutional settings, administrative procedures and which registers are merged. In this paper we suggest different implementation strategies for common international and German legal unemployment definitions for the Sample of the Integrated Employment Biographies (IEBS). The IEBS belongs to a new generation of German merged register data that is more comprehensive than previous data sets. Our descriptive figures show large differences in the number of spells and the unemployment duration across implementations. This suggests that empirical results of labour market research are likely to depend on the underlying legal definition of unemployment and its implementation in this data." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) Additional Information Supplementary descriptive statistics for the FDZ-Methodenreport No. 03/2007 Appendix for the FDZ-Methodenreport No. 03/2007: Do-files.zipArbeitslosigkeit - Begriff, amtliche Statistik, prozessproduzierte Daten, Integrierte Erwerbsbiografien, Arbeitslosigkeitsdauer, Arbeitslosigkeit - Messung, registrierte Arbeitslosigkeit, Forschungsdatenzentrum, statistische Methode, Reliabilität, Validität, Arbeitslosenquote, Arbeitslosenstatistik, stille Reserve - Begriff, Datenqualität, OECD, ILO, Bundesrepublik Deutschland

On the Definition of Unemployment and its Implementation in Register Data: The Case of Germany

Unemployment information in individual level register data depends on institutional settings, administrative procedures and which registers are merged. In this paper we suggest different implementation strategies for common international and German legal unemployment definitions for the Sample of the Integrated Employment Biographies (IEBS). The IEBS belongs to a new generation of German merged register data that is more comprehensive than previous data sets. Our descriptive figures show large differences in the number of spells and the unemployment duration across implementations. This suggests that empirical results of labour market research are likely to depend on the underlying legal definition of unemployment and its implementation in this data. --unemployment duration,merged administrative individual data,Germany,Stata

Attachment and children's biased attentional processing: evidence for the exclusion of attachment-related information

Research in both infants and adults demonstrated that attachment expectations are associated with the attentional processing of attachment-related information. However, this research suffered from methodological issues and has not been validated across ages. Employing a more ecologically valid paradigm to measure attentional processes by virtue of eye tracking, the current study tested the defensive exclusion hypothesis in late childhood. According to this hypothesis, insecurely attached children are assumed to defensively exclude attachment-related information. We hypothesized that securely attached children process attachment- related neutral and emotional information in a more open manner compared to insecurely attached children. Sixty-two children (59.7% girls, 8–12 years) completed two different tasks, while eye movements were recorded: task one presented an array of neutral faces including mother and unfamiliar women and task two presented the same with happy and angry faces. Results indicated that more securely attached children looked longer at mother’s face regardless of the emotional expression. Also, they tend to have more maintained attention to mother’s neutral face. Furthermore, more attachment avoidance was related to a reduced total viewing time of mother’s neutral, happy, and angry face. Attachment anxiety was not consistently related to the processing of mother’s face. Findings support the theoretical assumption that securely attached children have an open manner of processing all attachment-related information

Red list and checklist of the molluscs

Von den in Berlin nachgewiesenen 158 Molluskenarten und Unterarten wurden 38,6 % als bestandsgefährdet eingestuft. Der Anteil gefährdeter Taxa ist bei den Muscheln mit 43,3 % am höchsten, gefolgt von 39,8 % bei den Landschnecken und 33,3 % bei den Wasserschnecken. Im Vergleich zur Roten Liste 2005 sank der Anteil bedrohter Taxa um 10,4 %. Während der Anteil der bedrohten Landschnecken lediglich um 4,1 % gesunken ist, ist er bei den Wasserschnecken um 17,8 % und bei den Muscheln sogar um 18,2 % gefallen. Die Ursachen hierfür liegen einerseits in der verbesserten Datenlage, vor allem bei den Wassermollusken, und andererseits in der veränderten Auswertungsmethodik nach Ludwig et al. (2009). Bewertend lässt sich feststellen, dass sich die Biotopqualität in den letzten 10 Jahren in Berlin verschlechtert hat und zum Rückgang einiger anspruchsvoller Arten führte. Hinzu kommt, dass infolge zunehmender Ausbreitung von Neozoen eine rückläufige Bestandssituation einiger einheimischer Arten durch Verdrängung und Hybridisierung zu beobachten ist.58 mollusc species and subspecies are found in Berlin, 38.6 % of these were classified as threatened. The highest percentage of threatened taxa is found in the bivalve molluscs with 43.3 %, followed by 39.8 % in land snails and 33.3 % in water snails. Overall, the percentage of threatened taxa decreased by 10.4 % compared to the Red List of 2005. While the amount of threatened land snails decreased by only 4.1 %, it has dropped in water snails by 17.8 % and in mussels by 18.2 %. These changes are partly due to the improved data basis, especially in aquatic molluscs, and partly to the modified evaluation procedure developed by Ludwig et al. (2009). It has to be stated that the habitat quality has degraded during the last 10 years. This led to the decline of some sensible species in Berlin. Additionally, a declining population status of some native species by displacement and hybridization due to the rapid spread of invasive species can be observed

I see what you mean

The ability to understand and predict others' behavior is essential for successful interactions. When making predictions about what other humans will do, we treat them as intentional systems and adopt the intentional stance, i.e., refer to their mental states such as desires and intentions. In the present experiments, we investigated whether the mere belief that the observed agent is an intentional system influences basic social attention mechanisms. We presented pictures of a human and a robot face in a gaze cuing paradigm and manipulated the likelihood of adopting the intentional stance by instruction: in some conditions, participants were told that they were observing a human or a robot, in others, that they were observing a human-like mannequin or a robot whose eyes were controlled by a human. In conditions in which participants were made to believe they were observing human behavior (intentional stance likely) gaze cuing effects were significantly larger as compared to conditions when adopting the intentional stance was less likely. This effect was independent of whether a human or a robot face was presented. Therefore, we conclude that adopting the intentional stance when observing others' behavior fundamentally influences basic mechanisms of social attention. The present results provide striking evidence that high-level cognitive processes, such as beliefs, modulate bottom-up mechanisms of attentional selection in a top-down manner