Effect of HLA-matching recipients to donor non-inherited maternal antigens on outcomes after mismatched umbilical cord blood transplantation for hematologic malignancy

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Is there an impact of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and KIR-ligand incompatibilities on outcomes after unrelated cord blood stem cell transplantation?

Immunobiology of allogeneic stem cell transplantation and immunotherapy of hematological disease

Risk factors affecting outcome of unrelated cord blood transplantation for children with familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is still the only available curative option for Familial Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (FHLH). Most studies report outcomes after bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. We analysed the outcomes of 118 children with FHLH undergoing single-unit umbilical cord blood transplantation performed from 1996 to 2014. Myeloablative conditioning regimen was given to 90% of the patients, and was mostly busulfan-based (n = 81, 76%), including anti-thymocyte globulin or alemtuzumab (n = 102, 86%). The cumulative incidence of Day 60 neutrophil engraftment was 85%; and that of non-relapse mortality and acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) was 21% and 33% at 100 days, respectively. The 6-year cumulative incidence of chronic GvHD was 17% and the 6-year probability of overall survival was 55%. In multivariate analysis, children receiving a graft with a total nucleated cell dose greater than 9·9 × 107/kg had a better overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 0·49, 95% CI: 0·27–0·88, P = 0·02). Degree of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) matching was associated with improved disease-free survival (5/6 vs. 6/6 HR: 2·11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1·01–4·4, P = 0·05 and ≤4/6 vs. 6/6, HR: 2·82, CI: 1·27–6·23, P = 0·01). Umbilical cord blood transplantation with a high cell dose and good HLA match is a suitable alternative option to haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with FHLH who lack a HLA-matched donor

Prevalence and clinical outcomes of poor immune response despite virologically suppressive antiretroviral therapy among children and adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus in Europe and Thailand: Cohort study

Background. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).positive adults, low CD4 cell counts despite fully suppressed HIV-1 RNA on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. We assessed the prevalence and outcomes of poor immune response (PIR) in children receiving suppressive ART. Methods. Sixteen cohorts from the European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) contributed data. Children <18 years at ART initiation, with sustained viral suppression (VS) (.400 copies/mL) for 651 year were included. The prevalence of PIR (defined as World Health Organization advanced/severe immunosuppression for age) at 1 year of VS was described. Factors associated with PIR were assessed using logistic regression. Rates of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or death on suppressive ART were calculated by PIR status. Results. Of 2318 children included, median age was 6.4 years and 68% had advanced/severe immunosuppression at ART initiation. At 1 year of VS, 12% had PIR. In multivariable analysis, PIR was associated with older age and worse immunological stage at ART start, hepatitis B coinfection, and residing in Thailand (all P 64 .03). Rates of AIDS/death (95% confidence interval) per 100 000 person-years were 1052 (547, 2022) among PIR versus 261 (166, 409) among immune responders; rate ratio of 4.04 (1.83, 8.92; P < .001). Conclusions. One in eight children in our cohort experienced PIR despite sustained VS. While the overall rate of AIDS/death was low, children with PIR had a 4-fold increase in risk of event as compared with immune responders

Results of Unrelated Cord Blood Transplant in Fanconi Anemia Patients: Risk Factor Analysis for Engraftment and Survival

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Outcomes after related and unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation for hereditary bone marrow failure syndromes other than Fanconi anemia

O transplante com células tronco hematopeticas é a única opção curativa para os pacientes com síndromes de insuficiência medular hereditárias (SIMH). O sangue de cordão umbilical é uma fonte alternativa de células tronco hematopoéticas para o transplante alogênico. Pacientes e métodos: Este estudo retrospectivo e multicêntrico é baseado em dados do registro Eurocord sobre pacientes com SIMH, excluindo os paciente com anemia de Fanconi, que receberam transplante de sangue de cordão umbilical (TCU). Resultados: Sessenta e quatro pacientes com SIMH foram transplantados com doador aparentado (n=20) e não aparentado (n=44). Os diagnósticos foram: anemia de Blackfan Diamond (21 pacientes), trombocitopenia amegacariocítica congênita (16 pacientes), disqueratose congênita (8 pacientes), síndrome de Shwachman-Diamond (2 pacientes), neutropenia congênita grave (16 pacientes) e SIMH inclassificável (1 paciente). No grupo aparentado, 19 pacientes receberam transplante HLA compatível do irmão. A mediana de células nucleadas totais (CNT) infundidas foi 5x107/kg. A incidência cumulativa da recuperação de neutrófilos em 60 dias foi 95%, 2 pacientes tiveram doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro (DECH) grau II a IV e a incidência cumulativa em 2 anos de DECH crônica foi 11%. A sobrevida global (SG) em 3 anos foi 95%. No grupo não aparentado, 86% dos pacientes receberam enxerto com incompatibilidade HLA e 3 receberam duas unidades de cordão umbilical. A mediana de CNT infundidas foi 6,1x107/kg. A incidência cumulativa da recuperação de neutrófilos em 60 dias foi 55%; de DECH grau II a IV em 100 dias foi 24% e de DECH crônica em 2 anos foi 53%. A SG em 3 anos foi 61%; melhor SG foi associada com idade < 5 anos (p=0,01) e número CNT infundidas ? 6.1x107/kg (p=0,03). Conclusão: em pacientes com SIMH, TCU aparentado é associado com excelentes resultados enquanto no TCU não aparentado o aumento no número de células promove melhoresresultadosBackground: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the only curative option for patients with hereditary bone marrow failure syndromes (HBMFS). Umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells is an alternative stem cell source for allotransplantation. Design and Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study is based on data reported to Eurocord Registry about patients with HBMFS other than Fanconi anemia who received UCB transplantation (UCBT). Results: Sixty four patients with HBMFS were transplanted from related (n=20) or unrelated donors (n=44). Diagnoses were: Diamond-Blackfan anemia (21 patients), congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (16 patients), dyskeratosis congenita (8 patients), Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (2 patients), severe congenital neutropenia (16 patients) and unclassified HBMFS (1 patient). In the related group, all patients but one received an HLA-matched sibling transplant. Median total nucleated cells (TNC) infused was 5x107/kg. Cumulative incidence (CI) of 60-day neutrophil recovery was 95%, 2 patients had grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), while the 3-year CI of chronic GVHD was 11%. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 95%. In the unrelated group, 86% of patients had HLA mismatched grafts and 3 received two UCB units. Median TNC infused was 6.1x107/kg. Day-60 CI of neutrophil recovery was 55%; 100-day CI of grade II-IV acute GVHD was 24%, while 2-year CI of chronic GVHD was 53%. The 3-year OS was 61%; better OS was associated with age < 5 years (p=0.01) and a number of TNC infused ? 6.1x107/kg (p=0.03). Conclusion: in patients with HBMFS, related UCBT is associated with excellent outcomes while in unrelated UCBT increasing cell dose might provide better result

Outcomes after related and unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation for hereditary bone marrow failure syndromes other than Fanconi anemia

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the only curative option for patients with hereditary bone marrow failure syndromes. Umbilical cord blood is an alternative source of stem cells for allogeneic transplantation

Transplants of Umbilical Cord Blood or Bone Marrow from Unrelated donors in Adult with Acute Leukemia

BACKGROUND: Promising results of cord-blood transplants from unrelated donors have been reported in adults. METHODS: We compared outcomes in 682 adults with acute leukemia who received a hematopoietic stem-cell transplant from an unrelated donor: 98 received cord blood and 584 received bone marrow. The transplantations were performed from 1998 through 2002 and reported to Eurocord and the European Blood and Marrow Transplant Group. RESULTS: Recipients of cord blood were younger than recipients of bone marrow (median, 24.5 vs. 32 years of age; P<0.001), weighed less (median, 58 vs. 68 kg; P<0.001), and had more advanced disease at the time of transplantation (52 percent vs. 33 percent, P<0.001). All marrow transplants were HLA matched, whereas 94 percent of cord-blood grafts were HLA mismatched (P<0.001). The median number of nucleated cells that were infused was 0.23x10(8) per kilogram of the recipient's body weight for cord blood and 2.9x10(8) per kilogram for bone marrow (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed lower risks of grade II, III, or IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after cord-blood transplantation (relative risk, 0.57; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.37 to 0.87; P=0.01), but neutrophil recovery was significantly delayed (relative risk, 0.49; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.41 to 0.58; P<0.001). The incidence of chronic GVHD, transplantation-related mortality, relapse rate, and leukemia-free survival were not significantly different in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Cord blood from an unrelated donor is an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells for adults with acute leukemia who lack an HLA-matched bone marrow dono

Chronic graft-versus-host disease features in double unit cord blood transplantation according to National Institutes of Health 2005 cGVHD Consensus criteria

Immunobiology of allogeneic stem cell transplantation and immunotherapy of hematological disease