Apport de la physico-chimie de surface dans la compréhension des intéractions entre la peau et son environnement et entre la peau et les produits cosmétiques

Air pollution still increases and its effects on human skin, our main barrier against external aggression, are of growing concern. If clinical studies are numerous and highlight a strong impact of pollutants on environmental aging and on the aggravation of skin disorders, the mechanisms involved are not clearly identified.The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of air pollutants on the skin, more specifically on its surface properties, through chemical and physico-chemical analysis. Different skin models have been used to understand the phenomena involved. A non-biological skin model has been developed, characterized, validated and used to highlight and understand the impact of pollutants on skin surface physico-chemistry. The results obtained on this model were confirmed using human living skin explants. These studies have demonstrated the effect of pollutants on the oxidation of skin surface, inducing modifications in its free surface energy and a sharp increase of its basic character, together with an alteration of its barrier function.From this conclusion and in order to develop efficient products to protect the skin surface, residual film of cosmetics was characterized to help understanding how these products interact with the skin. The work carried out made it possible to establish a link between the physicochemical properties of the residual film of cosmetic emulsions and their "anti-adhesion" particles properties.La pollution atmosphérique ne cesse d'augmenter et ses effets sur la peau humaine, notre principale barrière face aux agressions extérieures, sont de plus en plus préoccupants. Si les études cliniques sont nombreuses et mettent en évidence un impact des polluants sur le vieillissement environnemental et sur l'aggravation des désordres cutanés, les mécanismes mis en jeu ne sont pas clairement compris. L'objectif de ce projet de thèse est donc d'évaluer l'impact des polluants atmosphériques sur la peau, en particulier sur ses propriétés de surface, grâce à des approches analytiques chimiques et physico-chimiques. Différents modèles de peau ont été utilisés afin de comprendre les phénomènes mis en jeu. Un modèle de peau non-biologique a été développé, caractérisé et utilisé pour mettre en évidence l'impact de polluants atmosphériques sur la physico-chimie de surface de la peau. Les résultats obtenus sur ce modèle pu être validés grâce à des analyses réalisées sur explants de peau humaine. Ces études ont permis de démontrer l'effet de polluants sur l'oxydation de surface de la peau, induisant une modification de son énergie de surface et une augmentation de son caractère basique, mais également une détérioration de sa fonction barrière.A partir de ce constat et afin de développer des produits efficaces pour protéger la surface de la peau, des méthodes de caractérisation du film résiduel de produits cosmétiques ont été développées pour comprendre comment ces produits interagissent avec la peau. Les travaux menés ont permis d'établir le lien entre les propriétés physico-chimiques du film résiduel de produits topiques et leurs propriétés « anti-adhésion » de particules

contribution of surface physico-chemistry to understand the interactions between the skin and its environment and between the skin and cosmetic products

La pollution atmosphérique ne cesse d'augmenter et ses effets sur la peau humaine, notre principale barrière face aux agressions extérieures, sont de plus en plus préoccupants. Si les études cliniques sont nombreuses et mettent en évidence un impact des polluants sur le vieillissement environnemental et sur l'aggravation des désordres cutanés, les mécanismes mis en jeu ne sont pas clairement compris. L'objectif de ce projet de thèse est donc d'évaluer l'impact des polluants atmosphériques sur la peau, en particulier sur ses propriétés de surface, grâce à des approches analytiques chimiques et physico-chimiques. Différents modèles de peau ont été utilisés afin de comprendre les phénomènes mis en jeu. Un modèle de peau non-biologique a été développé, caractérisé et utilisé pour mettre en évidence l'impact de polluants atmosphériques sur la physico-chimie de surface de la peau. Les résultats obtenus sur ce modèle pu être validés grâce à des analyses réalisées sur explants de peau humaine. Ces études ont permis de démontrer l'effet de polluants sur l'oxydation de surface de la peau, induisant une modification de son énergie de surface et une augmentation de son caractère basique, mais également une détérioration de sa fonction barrière.A partir de ce constat et afin de développer des produits efficaces pour protéger la surface de la peau, des méthodes de caractérisation du film résiduel de produits cosmétiques ont été développées pour comprendre comment ces produits interagissent avec la peau. Les travaux menés ont permis d'établir le lien entre les propriétés physico-chimiques du film résiduel de produits topiques et leurs propriétés « anti-adhésion » de particules.Air pollution still increases and its effects on human skin, our main barrier against external aggression, are of growing concern. If clinical studies are numerous and highlight a strong impact of pollutants on environmental aging and on the aggravation of skin disorders, the mechanisms involved are not clearly identified.The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of air pollutants on the skin, more specifically on its surface properties, through chemical and physico-chemical analysis. Different skin models have been used to understand the phenomena involved. A non-biological skin model has been developed, characterized, validated and used to highlight and understand the impact of pollutants on skin surface physico-chemistry. The results obtained on this model were confirmed using human living skin explants. These studies have demonstrated the effect of pollutants on the oxidation of skin surface, inducing modifications in its free surface energy and a sharp increase of its basic character, together with an alteration of its barrier function.From this conclusion and in order to develop efficient products to protect the skin surface, residual film of cosmetics was characterized to help understanding how these products interact with the skin. The work carried out made it possible to establish a link between the physicochemical properties of the residual film of cosmetic emulsions and their "anti-adhesion" particles properties

Skin surface physico-chemistry: Characteristics, methods of measurement, influencing factors and future developments

International audiencePhysico-chemical properties such as surface free energy, polarity or hydrophobicity of solid surfaces have been largely studied in literature because they are involved in many physical phenomena: adhesion, friction, wetting … Nowadays, the study of biointerfaces is of great interest for the medical, the pharmaceutical or the cosmetic field but also for material design researches, especially for the development of biomimetic surfaces. The present paper focuses on a particular biointerface, namely skin, which is the most extended organ of the human body. The different ways for the study of skin physico-chemistry are first reviewed, followed by their practical uses, from pharmaceutical to cosmetic science. Those properties depict the ways skin interacts with topical products, its lipid composition but also its hydration state. In addition, this article aims to present recent approaches using original model materials in order to mimic human skin; indeed, in vivo experiments are often limited by the inter and intra individual variability, the safety regulation and above all the time and the cost of such studies. Finally, further data clearly highlight the importance of skin surface properties for dermatological and pharmaceutical researches

Predicting sensory perception of residual cosmetic film using artificial skin surface models: a novel methodology

International audienc

An original approach to determine the effect of urban pollution on skin surface properties

International audienc

Les modèles non-biologiques de peau sont-ils des outils pertinents pour la recherche cosmétique ? Exemple d’études anti-pollution

International audienc

Organocatalytic atroposelective formal Diels-Alder desymmetrization of N -arylmaleimides

The atroposelective desymmetrization of N-arylmaleimides was realized by means of a primary amine catalyzed Diels−Alder reaction of enones. The chiral axis as new element of chirality is generated under the remote control of the catalyst that selectively drives the formal Diels−Alder reaction through an exclusive stereochemical outcome

Development of synthetic skin models to evaluate cosmetic products performance: comparison with in vivo evaluation

International audienc

Prediction of residual film perception of cosmetic products using an instrumental method and non-biological surfaces: The example of stickiness after skin application

International audiencePrediction of sensory texture attributes using instrumental measurements is a very important challenge for cosmetic industry because in vivo sensory studies are expensive, time consuming and limited by the safety issue of applied products. The aim of this work is to investigate how residual sensory properties of cosmetic products can be predicted without using a panel of assessors, focusing on the residual film attribute “Stickiness”. 10 cosmetic products with different galenics have been selected and evaluated in vivo using a classical sensory protocol, developed according to the Spectrum™ Descriptive Analysis method. In addition to this study, products were evaluated after their application on non-biological skin models in order to compare perceptions onto in vivo skin and artificial surfaces. Results obtained show that in vivo perceptions can be compared with the ones on artificial surfaces meaning that residual film stickiness is similar between in vivo skin and non-biological skin models. An instrumental protocol using a texture analyzer has been set up to evaluate residual film adhesiveness. This protocol has been tested and validated in vivo (r²adjusted = 0.90; RPD = 3.07) before being optimized on a selected non-biological skin model Bioskin® (Beaulax, Co. Ltd. Tokyo, Japan) owning good correlation with in vivo perceptions. Established model shows excellent predictive ability with a r²adjusted of 0.94 and a RPD of 3.38, as highlighted by the 4 steps cross-validation performed. It proves that physical stimulus responsible for cosmetic film stickiness can be instrumentally measured on both in vivo skin and artificial skin

Squalene Oxidation Induced by Urban Pollutants Impact on Skin Surface Physico-Chemistry

International audienceThe effect of urban pollutants on skin properties has been revealed through several epidemiological studies. However, comprehension of involved mechanisms remains undetermined. In addition, the impact of such stressors on skin surface properties, especially skin physico-chemistry, has not been investigated. Consequently, the present study aims to develop a new aging protocol able to highlight the impact of selected urban pollutants on a model sebaceous lipid the squalene. Its quality has been followed during aging using LC-MS analysis. Results showed that the quality of the control solution containing only squalene remains stable during 45 days, whereas the quality of the solution containing squalene mixed with pollutants appears greatly altered, especially in the presence of heavy metals a large amount of oxidation compounds was evidenced due to oxidation and dehydrogenation mechanisms. In addition, a physicochemical study was performed using a validated nonbiological skin model able to mimic skin physico-chemistry. Surface free energy components were calculated using contact angle measurements according to the Van Oss model. The application of degraded squalene significantly increased skin hydrophilic and monopolar behavior compared to the application of control squalene. Those modifications are essentially explained by the nature of squalene oxidation products. It must be noted from this study that squalene oxidation due to pollutants or due to high temperature did not lead to the same physicochemical consequences neither to the same oxidation products, as shown by thermal analysis. This study gives original and precious information to explain alterations induced by pollutants on skin surface properties, especially skin chemistry and physico-chemistry. © 2019 American Chemical Society