Power management strategies and energy storage needs to increase the operability of photovoltaic plants

This paper analyzes the effect of introducing an energy storage (ES) system in an intermittent renewable energy power plant such as a photovoltaic (PV) installation. The aim of this integration is to achieve an improvement in the operability of these power plants by increasing their production predictability. This will allow a further PV integration within the electrical power system, facilitating the system’s load–demand balance. In this manner, the paper proposes two power management strategies (PMSs), each with different configurations, for operating a PV power plant: the first focuses on fixing constant power production and the latter focuses on reducing the high frequency fluctuations of the production. Thereafter, this paper analyzes and quantifies the ratings of the ES system (ESS) required to ensure a reliable performance of the plant on an annual basis for each of the PMSs with their different possible configurations. The resulting ES ratings vary with these PMS configurations. It can be concluded that significant improvements in production predictability are achieved with an ESS energy capacity of approximately 50% of the average daily energy produced by the PV panels and a power rating of around 55% of the plant’s rated power. All the results are based on 1-year-long simulations which used real irradiance data sampled every 2min

Sur les systèmes de l'électronique de puissance dédiés à la distribution électrique – Application à la qualité de l'énergie.

The present PhD thesis deals with distribution grid-connected power electronic devices. The main focus has been power quality improvement with power electronic devices. The theoretical aspects and the power quality improvement techniques are presented and discussed. Power electronic devices are then presented, modelled and controlled. Original disturbance identification, power management and current/voltage control methods have been proposed, tested and analysed. A flexible test-bench, composed of a series and a shunt compensator, has been designed and built in order to test the studied control algorithms. These tests have permitted to experimentally evaluate and validate the proposed control algorithms and to make evident several problems that are not always visible on the theory. The conclusions outline the main short and mid term objectives and challenges in the field of power quality improvement devices.La thèse a trait aux systèmes de l'électronique de puissance dédiés aux applications distribution électrique. Une attention particulière a été portée sur l'amélioration de la qualité de l'énergie. A cet effet, les aspects théoriques et les techniques d'amélioration sont décrits et discutés. Les convertisseurs de l'électronique de puissance à même de répondre à la problématique qualité sont ensuite introduits, modélisés et commandés. Des techniques originales d'identification de perturbations, de gestion des puissances actives et réactives ainsi que des commandes éloignées sont conçues, testées en simulation et analysées. Les applications retenues sont le compensateur série à base d'onduleur de tension et le filtrage actif shunt. Ces résultats sont ensuite confrontés à l'expérimental sur un banc conçu et réalisé à cet effet. L'expérience, si elle a conforté la théorie, a permis également de mettre en exergue les problèmes souvent occultés par la théorie. La conclusion reprend ces constatations et trace les objectifs à court et moyen terme

Sur les systèmes de l'électronique de puissance dédiés à la distribution électrique (application à la qualité de l'énergie)

La thèse a trait aux systèmes de l'électronique de puissance dédiés aux applications distribution électrique. Une attention particulière a été portée sur l'amélioration de la qualité de l'énergie. A cet effet, les aspects théoriques et les techniques d'amélioration sont décrits et discutés. Les convertisseurs de l'électronique de puissance à même de répondre à la problématique qualité sont ensuite introduits, modélisés et commandés. Des techniques originales d'identification de perturbations, de gestion des énergies actives et réactives ainsi que des commandes éloignées sont conçues, testées en simulation et analysées. Les applications retenues sont le compensateur série à base d'onduleur de tension et le filtrage actif shunt. Ces résultats sont ensuite confrontés à l'expérimental sur un banc conçu et réalisé à cet effet. L'expérience, si elle a conforté la théorie, a permis également de mettre en exergue les problèmes souvent occultés par la théorie. La conclusion reprend ces constatations et trace les objectifs à court et moyen terme.GRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Global Loss Evaluation Methods for Nonsinusoidally Fed Medium-Frequency Power Transformers

Medium-voltage conversion systems, such as traction and grid-connected converters, are continuously evolving toward higher power densities. Consequently, volume, weight, and material reductions are becoming major design issues, which lead the research focus toward high-/medium-frequency isolated power conversion systems. An optimized design of these conversion systems requires a detailed transformer-loss evaluation considering both copper and core losses. This paper presents a simple and flexible methodology to analyze global medium-frequency transformer losses in an isolated dc–dc converter fed by general nonsinusoidal waveforms. Various loss evaluation approaches are considered, pointing out their validity and limitations by means of finiteelement simulations and experimental tests

Advanced Solutions in Power Systems: HVDC, FACTS, and Artificial Intelligence: HVDC, FACTS, and Artificial Intelligence

International audienc

Transient Thermal Model of a Medium Frequency Power Transformer

Nowadays medium voltage conversion systems, like traction and energy distribution systems, aim to increase power density. Volume, weight and material reduction are gaining the market today. Due to the development of new high power semi-conductor devices a new working frequency range is conceived, where magnetic component reduction is feasible. However, along with the reduction of magnetic component size, the cooling surface is reduced, increasing the equilibrium temperature of the magnetic components. The core element of these new conversion systems is the medium frequency power transformer. In this paper a dynamic thermal model is introduced, with equivalent non-linear temperature dependent thermal resistances. Besides, heat sources are determined taking into account non-sinusoidal excitations, and frequency dependent effects. For our case study, the model shows natural heat dissipation limits, pointing out the cooling requirements throughout the design process

Analysis of Empirical Core Loss Evaluation Methods For Non-Sinusoidally Fed Medium Frequency Power Transformers

Nowadays medium voltage conversion systems, like traction and energy distribution systems, aim to increase power density. Volume, weight and material reduction are gaining the market today. Due to the development of new high power semiconductor devices a new working frequency range is conceived, where magnetic component reduction is feasible. The core element of these new conversion systems is the medium frequency transformer. For an optimized design of the conversion system, the correct determination of transformer core losses is essential. Sinusoidal approaches, accurate enough for line frequency transformers, do not cope with the non-sinusoidal waveforms of future medium voltage conversion systems. In the past few years several empirical methods derived from the original Steinmetz equation have been introduced to determine magnetic core losses for non-sinusoidal waveforms. This paper proposes extended expressions for core loss determination in case of rectangular three level voltage waveforms, typical of high power converters. These expressions are compared in simulation and with experimental results obtained in the same conditions using a reduced scale dc-ac conversion system prototype that includes a 61.6 kVA/2 kHz transformer. It is shown that some of these techniques allow a considerable loss estimation accuracy (error below 12% for any ratio)

Transforming triangulations in polgonal domains

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:9106.1605(CU-DAMTP-NA--13/1991) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo