64 research outputs found

    Animal models of ovarian cancer

    Get PDF
    Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of all of the gynecological cancers and can arise from any cell type of the ovary, including germ cells, granulosa or stromal cells. However, the majority of ovarian cancers arise from the surface epithelium, a single layer of cells that covers the surface of the ovary. The lack of a reliable and specific method for the early detection of epithelial ovarian cancer results in diagnosis occurring most commonly at late clinical stages, when treatment is less effective. In part, the deficiency in diagnostic tools is due to the lack of markers for the detection of preneoplastic or early neoplastic changes in the epithelial cells, which reflects our rather poor understanding of this process. Animal models which accurately represent the cellular and molecular changes associated with the initiation and progression of human ovarian cancer have significant potential to facilitate the development of better methods for the early detection and treatment of ovarian cancer. This review describes some of the experimental animal models of ovarian tumorigenesis that have been reported, including those involving specific reproductive factors and environmental toxins. Consideration has also been given to the recent progress in modeling ovarian cancer using genetically engineered mice

    Feller property and infinitesimal generator of the exploration process

    Get PDF
    We consider the exploration process associated to the continuous random tree (CRT) built using a Levy process with no negative jumps. This process has been studied by Duquesne, Le Gall and Le Jan. This measure-valued Markov process is a useful tool to study CRT as well as super-Brownian motion with general branching mechanism. In this paper we prove this process is Feller, and we compute its infinitesimal generator on exponential functionals and give the corresponding martingale

    A sensitive data access model in support of learning health systems

    Get PDF
    Given the ever-growing body of knowledge, healthcare improvement hinges more than ever on efficient knowledge transfer to clinicians and patients. Promoted initially by the Institute of Medicine, the Learning Health System (LHS) framework emerged in the early 2000s. It places focus on learning cycles where care delivery is tightly coupled with research activities, which in turn is closely tied to knowledge transfer, ultimately injecting solid improvements into medical practice. Sensitive health data access across multiple organisations is therefore paramount to support LHSs. While the LHS vision is well established, security requirements to support them are not. Health data exchange approaches have been implemented (e.g., HL7 FHIR) or proposed (e.g., blockchain-based methods), but none cover the entire LHS requirement spectrum. To address this, the Sensitive Data Access Model (SDAM) is proposed. Using a representation of agents and processes of data access systems, specific security requirements are presented and the SDAM layer architecture is described, with an emphasis on its mix-network dynamic topology approach. A clinical application benefiting from the model is subsequently presented and an analysis evaluates the security properties and vulnerability mitigation strategies offered by a protocol suite following SDAM and in parallel, by FHIR

    The topological structure of scaling limits of large planar maps

    Full text link
    We discuss scaling limits of large bipartite planar maps. If p is a fixed integer strictly greater than 1, we consider a random planar map M(n) which is uniformly distributed over the set of all 2p-angulations with n faces. Then, at least along a suitable subsequence, the metric space M(n) equipped with the graph distance rescaled by the factor n to the power -1/4 converges in distribution as n tends to infinity towards a limiting random compact metric space, in the sense of the Gromov-Hausdorff distance. We prove that the topology of the limiting space is uniquely determined independently of p, and that this space can be obtained as the quotient of the Continuum Random Tree for an equivalence relation which is defined from Brownian labels attached to the vertices. We also verify that the Hausdorff dimension of the limit is almost surely equal to 4.Comment: 45 pages Second version with minor modification

    The Coordination of Leaf Photosynthesis Links C and N Fluxes in C3 Plant Species

    Get PDF
    Photosynthetic capacity is one of the most sensitive parameters in vegetation models and its relationship to leaf nitrogen content links the carbon and nitrogen cycles. Process understanding for reliably predicting photosynthetic capacity is still missing. To advance this understanding we have tested across C3 plant species the coordination hypothesis, which assumes nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic processes such that photosynthesis tends to be co-limited by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation and regeneration. The coordination hypothesis yields an analytical solution to predict photosynthetic capacity and calculate area-based leaf nitrogen content (Na). The resulting model linking leaf photosynthesis, stomata conductance and nitrogen investment provides testable hypotheses about the physiological regulation of these processes. Based on a dataset of 293 observations for 31 species grown under a range of environmental conditions, we confirm the coordination hypothesis: under mean environmental conditions experienced by leaves during the preceding month, RuBP carboxylation equals RuBP regeneration. We identify three key parameters for photosynthetic coordination: specific leaf area and two photosynthetic traits (k3, which modulates N investment and is the ratio of RuBP carboxylation/oxygenation capacity () to leaf photosynthetic N content (Npa); and Jfac, which modulates photosynthesis for a given k3 and is the ratio of RuBP regeneration capacity (Jmax) to). With species-specific parameter values of SLA, k3 and Jfac, our leaf photosynthesis coordination model accounts for 93% of the total variance in Na across species and environmental conditions. A calibration by plant functional type of k3 and Jfac still leads to accurate model prediction of Na, while SLA calibration is essentially required at species level. Observed variations in k3 and Jfac are partly explained by environmental and phylogenetic constraints, while SLA variation is partly explained by phylogeny. These results open a new avenue for predicting photosynthetic capacity and leaf nitrogen content in vegetation models

    Isolement d'actinomycĂštes thermophiles et clonage de gĂšnes de xylanases

    No full text
    Le xylane est un polymÚre de D-xylose constituant la majeure partie de l'hémicellulose contenue dans la biomasse végétale. Certains enzymes pouvant hydrolyser le xylane ont déjà été isolés et caractérisés. Ces xylanases peuvent avoir plusieurs applications industrielles; elles pourraient servir entre autres au blanchiment du papier, à la production de protéines, à la production d'éthanol, à la clarification des jus, etc. Les actinomycÚtes sont des bactéries filamenteuses vivant dans le sol. Ils sont activement impliqués dans la dégradation de la biomasse et sont d'excellents sécréteurs d'enzymes. Des souches d'actinomycÚtes thermophiles xylanolytiques ont donc été isolées afin d'obtenir des xylanases thermostables et acidorésistantes. La stratégie de recherche adoptée a été la suivante: des échantillons provenant d'endroits relativement chauds (compost, fumier, paille en décomposition, eau d'usine de pùte à papier) ont subi divers traitements afin de les enrichir en actinomycÚtes thermophiles (traitement au phénol, à 120°C, passage sur milieu avec acides humiques, enrichissement en milieu solide, isolement sur milieu sélectif). Toutes les souches ont été isolées à des températures de 45°C ou plus. Les souches isolées ont par la suite été étalées sur un milieu de détection afin de sélectionner les souches xylanolytiques. L'activité xylanolytique des souches a été caractérisée à l'aide de dosages enzymatiques et de zymogrammes. On a ainsi démontré que la souche la plus intéressante était la souche FC7 puisqu'elle conservait une trÚs bonne activité à des températures élevées (70°C) et à un pH de 4. De plus, elle montrait une activité relativement forte lorsqu'on lui fournissait une liqueur d'hémicellulose comme substrat. Une banque de gÚnes de cette souche a donc été construite dans Escherichia coli afin de cloner les gÚnes de xylanases. Les clones positifs ont par la suite été transférés dans Streptomyces lividans 10-164, qui est un mutant cellulase et xylanase négatif. Le vecteur navette pFD666 a été utilisé afin de faciliter le clonage. Cette banque de gÚnes nous a permis d'obtenir cinq clones positifs que l'on peut diviser en deux classes de gÚnes de xylanases différentes. Finalement, ces clones ont été caractérisés enzymatiquement afin d'établir leur activité xylanolytique

    Isolement d'actinomycĂštes thermophiles et clonage de gĂšnes de xylanases

    No full text
    Le xylane est un polymÚre de D-xylose constituant la majeure partie de l'hémicellulose contenue dans la biomasse végétale. Certains enzymes pouvant hydrolyser le xylane ont déjà été isolés et caractérisés. Ces xylanases peuvent avoir plusieurs applications industrielles; elles pourraient servir entre autres au blanchiment du papier, à la production de protéines, à la production d'éthanol, à la clarification des jus, etc. Les actinomycÚtes sont des bactéries filamenteuses vivant dans le sol. Ils sont activement impliqués dans la dégradation de la biomasse et sont d'excellents sécréteurs d'enzymes. Des souches d'actinomycÚtes thermophiles xylanolytiques ont donc été isolées afin d'obtenir des xylanases thermostables et acidorésistantes. La stratégie de recherche adoptée a été la suivante: des échantillons provenant d'endroits relativement chauds (compost, fumier, paille en décomposition, eau d'usine de pùte à papier) ont subi divers traitements afin de les enrichir en actinomycÚtes thermophiles (traitement au phénol, à 120°C, passage sur milieu avec acides humiques, enrichissement en milieu solide, isolement sur milieu sélectif). Toutes les souches ont été isolées à des températures de 45°C ou plus. Les souches isolées ont par la suite été étalées sur un milieu de détection afin de sélectionner les souches xylanolytiques. L'activité xylanolytique des souches a été caractérisée à l'aide de dosages enzymatiques et de zymogrammes. On a ainsi démontré que la souche la plus intéressante était la souche FC7 puisqu'elle conservait une trÚs bonne activité à des températures élevées (70°C) et à un pH de 4. De plus, elle montrait une activité relativement forte lorsqu'on lui fournissait une liqueur d'hémicellulose comme substrat. Une banque de gÚnes de cette souche a donc été construite dans Escherichia coli afin de cloner les gÚnes de xylanases. Les clones positifs ont par la suite été transférés dans Streptomyces lividans 10-164, qui est un mutant cellulase et xylanase négatif. Le vecteur navette pFD666 a été utilisé afin de faciliter le clonage. Cette banque de gÚnes nous a permis d'obtenir cinq clones positifs que l'on peut diviser en deux classes de gÚnes de xylanases différentes. Finalement, ces clones ont été caractérisés enzymatiquement afin d'établir leur activité xylanolytique

    An ontology for healthcare systems

    No full text
    International audienceModern patient care is becoming increasingly complex and is now most commonly delivered through healthcare systems. Understanding the structure surrounding care is an important tool in optimizing it. This article proposes a unified ontological analysis of healthcare systems following the OBO Foundry Methodology, by exploring the relationships between the caring of individuals, the health workers and healthcare providing organisations. This ontological model strives to enable interoperability in the context of Learning Health Systems

    The Prescription of Drug Ontology 2.0 (PDRO): More Than the Sum of Its Parts

    No full text
    International audienceWhile drugs and related products have profoundly changed the lives of people around theworld, ongoing challenges remain, including inappropriate use of a drug product. Inappropriateuses can be explained in part by ambiguous or incomplete information, for example, missing reasonsfor treatments, ambiguous information on how to take a medication, or lack of information onmedication-related events outside the health care system. In order to fully assess the situation, datafrom multiple systems (electronic medical records, pharmacy and radiology information systems,laboratory management systems, etc.) from multiple organizations (outpatient clinics, hospitals,long-term care facilities, laboratories, pharmacies, registries, governments) on a large geographicalscale is needed. Formal knowledge models like ontologies can help address such an informationintegration challenge. Existing approaches like the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership arediscussed and contrasted with the use of ontologies and systems using them for data integration.The PRescription Drug Ontology 2.0 (PDRO 2.0) is then presented and entities that are paramount inaddressing this problematic are described. Finally, the benefits of using PDRO are discussed througha series of exemplar situation
    • 

    corecore