Desarrollo de competencias transversales en los técnicos superiores en paramédicos de la Universidad Tecnológica del Valle de Toluca

En los últimos años, la atención prehospitalaria, ha probado ser útil para incrementar las probabilidades de supervivencia en pacientes con trauma o paro cardiorespiratorio. La Universidad Tecnológica del Valle de Toluca, mediante el programa de Técnico Superior Universitario en Paramédico (TSUP), formas profesionales altamente calificados en atención prehospitalaria. La obtención del título académico, se realiza mediante la entrega de un proyecto de investigación al finalizar la estadía, intitulado Memoria de Estadía, el que se ha centrado en la evaluación de competencias específicas y obviar las transversales. La investigación en el ámbito educativo y la presentación en foros de los trabajos resultantes, son una magnífica ocasión para desarrollar múltiples competencias transversales. Con el objetivo de formar un recurso más competente, en coordinación con el Servicio de Urgencia del Estado de México, se organizó el Primer Foro de TSUP, en donde se presentaron las Memorias de Estadía realizadas por los estudiantes, al final se aplicó una encuesta que evaluó el desarrollo de competencias transversales. Los tópicos presentados fueron principalmente trauma, evaluación clínica y aspectos psicológicos de la atención prehospitalaria. En cuanto a la contribución que tuvo el foro en los estudiantes, la preparación continua, la exposición ante el público, la retroalimentación y la autocrítica destacaron como principales respuestas, lo que refuerza lo anterior expresado. La calificación global del foro fue de 8 y las principales sugerencias de los alumnos tienen que ver con una mejor organización y la calidad de las presentaciones. La presentación de los trabajos de investigación realizados durante la estadía por los alumnos TSUP en foros, fortalece el desarrollo de competencias transversale

Experimental and chemometric studies of cell membrane permeability

[Abstract] Cell membrane permeability (P) governs the molecules or ions to transport through the cell membrane. In this study, we measured P of ruminal microbes in different initial levels of surface tension (ST) and specific surface area (SSA). Data of P in present study and published data of pH, ammonia concentration, digestibility of neutral detergent fibre and gas production in two time scales (tk and ′tk) as input variables Vq(tk) were took into consideration for developing a predictive model. The ideas of Box–Jenkins Operators and Covariance Perturbation Theory Operators were used for the first time to establish a model to predict the variations of cellular permeability. The best model presented sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of > 0.89, and MCC > 0.78 for 77,781 cases (training + validation series). In addition, we also reported a simulation of ternary phase diagram with predicted values of cell permeability at various experimental conditions.National Natural Science Foundation of China; Grant No. 31172234Chinese Academy of Science and Technology Strategic Pilot Project; Grant No. XDA05020700Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China; Grant No. 12JJ3015Red Gallega de Investigación sobre Cáncer Colorrectal; Ref. R2014/03

Experimental-Theoretic Approach to Drug-Lymphocyte Interactome Networks with Flow Cytometry and Spectral Moments Perturbation Theory

Modelos matematicos y citometria de flujoAbstract: We can combine experimental techniques like Flow Cytometry Analysis (FCA) with Chemoinformatics methods to predict the complex networks of interactions between organic compounds and targets in the immune system. In this work, we determined experimentally the values of EC50 = 17.82 μg/mL and Cytotoxicity = 20.6 % for the antimicrobial / anti-parasite drug Dermofural over Balb/C CD9 lymphocytes using flow cytometry. After that, we developed a new Perturbation-theory model for Drug-Cell Target Interactome in Lymphocytes based on dispersion-polarization moments of drug structure. The models correctly classifies 34591 out of 42715 (Accuracy = 80.9%) cases of perturbations in assay endpoints of 11492 drugs (including both train and validation series). Each endpoint correspond to one out of 2616 assays, 38 molecular and cellular targets, 77 standard type measures, in four possible (human and rodentsCONACY

Model for High-Throughput Screening of drug immunotoxicity - study of the antimicrobial G1 over peritoneal macrophages using flow cytometry

Modelos matematicos y citometriaQuantitative Structure-Activity (mt-QSAR) techniques may become an important tool for prediction of cytotoxicity and High-throughput Screening (HTS) of drugs to rationalize drug discovery process. In this work, we train and validate by the first time mt-QSAR model using TOPS-MODE approach to calculate drug molecular descriptors and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) function. This model correctly classifies 8,258 out of 9,000 (Accuracy = 91.76%) multiplexing assay endpoints of 7903 drugs (including both train and validation series). Each endpoint correspond to one out of 1418 assays, 36 molecular and cellular targets, 46 standard type measures, in two possible organisms (human and mouse). After that, we determined experimentally, by the first time, the values of EC50 = 21.58 μg/mL and Cytotoxicity = 23.6 % for the anti-microbial / antiparasite drug G1 over Balb/C mouse peritoneal macrophages using flow cytometry. In addition, the model predicts for G1 only 7 positive endpoints out 1,251 cytotoxicity assays (0.56% of probability of cytotoxicity in multiple assays). The results obtained complement the toxicological studies of this important drug. This work adds a new tool to the existing pool of few methods useful for multi-target HTS of ChEMBL and other libraries of compounds towards drug discovery.Conacy

Experimental and computational studies of fatty acid distribution networks

[Abstract] Unbalanced uptake of Omega 6/Omega 3 (ω-6/ω-3) ratios could increase chronic disease occurrences, such as inflammation, atherosclerosis, or tumor proliferation, and methylation methods for measuring the ruminal microbiome fatty acid (FA) composition/distribution play a vital role in discovering the contribution of food components to ruminant products (e.g., meat and milk) when pursuing a healthy diet. Hansch's models based on Linear Free Energy Relationships (LFERs) using physicochemical parameters, such as partition coefficients, molar refractivity, and polarizability, as input variables (Vk) are advocated. In this work, a new combined experimental and theoretical strategy was proposed to study the effect of ω-6/ω-3 ratios, FA chemical structure, and other factors over FA distribution networks in the ruminal microbiome. In step 1, experiments were carried out to measure long chain fatty acid (LCFA) profiles in the rumen microbiome (bacterial and protozoan), and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in fermentation media. In step 2, the proportions and physicochemical parameter values of LCFAs and VFAs were calculated under different boundary conditions (cj) like c1 = acid and/or base methylation treatments, c2 = with/without fermentation, c3 = FA distribution phase (media, bacterial, or protozoan microbiome), etc. In step 3, Perturbation Theory (PT) and LFER ideas were combined to develop a PT-LFER model of a FA distribution network using physicochemical parameters (Vk), the corresponding Box–Jenkins (ΔVkj) and PT operators (ΔΔVkj) in statistical analysis. The best PT-LFER model found predicted the effects of perturbations over the FA distribution network with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy > 80% for 407[thin space (1/6-em)]655 cases in training + external validation series. In step 4, alternative PT-LFER and PT-NLFER models were tested for training Linear and Non-Linear Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). PT-NLFER models based on ANNs presented better performance but are more complicated than the PT-LFER model. Last, in step 5, the PT-LFER model based on LDA was used to reconstruct the complex networks of perturbations in the FA distribution and compared the giant components of the observed and predicted networks with random Erdős–Rényi network models. In short, our new PT-LFER model is a useful tool for predicting a distribution network in terms of specific fatty acid distribution.Red Gallega de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos; Ref. R2014/039Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PI13/00280Red Gallega de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos; R2014/02

Genetic diversity of Bm86 sequences in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks from Mexico: analysis of haplotype distribution patterns

Artículo científico derivado de Tesis doctoral de Saúl Gabriel Martínez ArzateBackground: Ticks are a problem for cattle production mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, because they generate great economic losses. Acaricides and vaccines have been used to try to keep tick populations under control. This has been proven difficult given the resistance to acaricides and vaccines observed in ticks. Resistance to protein rBm86-based vaccines has been associated with the genetic diversity of Bm86 among the ectoparasite’s populations. So far, neither genetic diversity, nor spatial distribution of circulating Bm86 haplotypes, have been studied within the Mexican territory. Here, we explored the genetic diversity of 125 Bm86 cDNA gene sequences from R. microplus from 10 endemic areas of Mexico by analyzing haplotype distribution patterns to help in understanding the population genetic structure of Mexican ticks. Results: Our results showed an average nucleotide identity among the Mexican isolates of 98.3%, ranging from 91.1 to 100%. Divergence between the Mexican and Yeerongpilly (the Bm86 reference vaccine antigen) sequences ranged from 3.1 to 7.4%. Based on the geographic distribution of Bm86 haplotypes in Mexico, our results suggest gene flow occurrence within different regions of the Mexican territory, and even the USA. Conclusions: The polymorphism of Bm86 found in the populations included in this study, could account for the poor efficacy of the current Bm86 antigen based commercial vaccine in many regions of Mexico. Our data may contribute towards designing new, highly-specific, Bm86 antigen vaccine candidates against R. microplus circulating in Mexico.SIEAE UAEM FES

Determinación de linfocitos T CD4, CD8 y Tγδ en la infección experimental con Brucella ovis

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la distribución sanguínea de linfocitos T CD4, CD8, LT γδ (WC1) en carneros infectados experimentalmente con Brucella ovis. Se utilizaron 18 carneros de 1 a 4 años y libres de B. ovis distribuidos en tres grupos: Control (n=6); Inoculado en las mucosas ocular y prepucial (n=6); Inoculados vía endovenosa (n=6). Se realizó el seguimiento serológico desde el día de la inoculación hasta el 189 dPI (día pos-inoculación). Se inmunotipificaron las poblaciones de linfocitos CD4 y CD8 a los 120, 150 y 189 y de WC1 (linfocitos Tγδ) a los 120 dPI por citometría de flujo. Los carneros, a partir del tercer dPI comenzaron a seroconvertir; a los 21 y 28 dPI todos los animales de los grupos inoculados por vía endovenosa y mucosa, respectivamente, resultaron positivos; asimismo, el 50% de los animales de los grupos desafiados se presentaron como positivos o sospechosos a la prueba de ELISA a los 189 dPI. Se encontraron diferencias en las Medias de Intensidad de Fluorescencia (MIF) de los linfocitos CD8 entre el grupo control (1027.4) y el grupo inoculado por vía endovenosa (499.6) a los 120 dPI (p<0.05) y en las MIF de los linfocitos CD4 entre grupos a los 189 dPI (p<0.05). Las poblaciones linfocitarias T γδ (WC1) presentaron diferencias en MIF entre el grupo control y los grupos inoculados a los 120 dPI (p<0.05). Los resultados indican que B. ovis puede modular la respuesta inmune del hospedero, que los linfocitos CD4 y CD8 son importantes para la defensa del hospedero ante esta infección, y que las poblaciones de CD4 como de CD8 pueden fluctuar durante el periodo de infección por B. ovis. Así mismo, la participación de los linfocitos T γδ podría ser un factor importante en el control de la infección causada por B. ovis

Determination of T CD4, CD8 and Tγδ lymphocytes in experimental infection with Brucella ovis

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la distribución sanguínea de linfocitos T CD4, CD8, LT γδ (WC1) en carneros infectados experimentalmente con Brucella ovis. Se utilizaron 18 carneros de 1 a 4 años y libres de B. ovis distribuidos en tres grupos: Control (n=6); Inoculado en las mucosas ocular y prepucial (n=6); Inoculados vía endovenosa (n=6). Se realizó el seguimiento serológico desde el día de la inoculación hasta el 189 dPI (día pos-inoculación). Se inmunotipificaron las poblaciones de linfocitos CD4 y CD8 a los 120, 150 y 189 y de WC1 (linfocitos Tγδ) a los 120 dPI por citometría de flujo. Los carneros, a partir del tercer dPI comenzaron a seroconvertir; a los 21 y 28 dPI todos los animales de los grupos inoculados por vía endovenosa y mucosa, respectivamente, resultaron positivos; asimismo, el 50% de los animales de los grupos desafiados se presentaron como positivos o sospechosos a la prueba de ELISA a los 189 dPI. Se encontraron diferencias en las Medias de Intensidad de Fluorescencia (MIF) de los linfocitos CD8 entre el grupo control (1027.4) y el grupo inoculado por vía endovenosa (499.6) a los 120 dPI (p&lt;0.05) y en las MIF de los linfocitos CD4 entre grupos a los 189 dPI (p&lt;0.05). Las poblaciones linfocitarias T γδ (WC1) presentaron diferencias en MIF entre el grupo control y los grupos inoculados a los 120 dPI (p&lt;0.05). Los resultados indican que B. ovis puede modular la respuesta inmune del hospedero, que los linfocitos CD4 y CD8 son importantes para la defensa del hospedero ante esta infección, y que las poblaciones de CD4 como de CD8 pueden fluctuar durante el periodo de infección por B. ovis. Así mismo, la participación de los linfocitos T γδ podría ser un factor importante en el control de la infección causada por B. ovis. &nbsp;The objective of this study was to determine the blood distribution of CD4, CD8, and T γδ lymphocytes (WC1) in rams experimentally infected with Brucella ovis. Eighteen rams from 1 to 4 years old and free from B. ovis were distributed in three groups: Control (n=6); Inoculated in the ocular and preputial mucosa (n=6); Inoculated intravenously (n=6). Serological follow-up was carried out from the day of inoculation until 189 dPI (post-inoculation day). CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte populations were immunotyped at 120, 150 and 189 and WC1 (Tγδ lymphocytes) at 120 dPI by flow cytometry. The rams, from the third dIP began to seroconvert; at 21 and 28 dPI all animals of the inoculated intravenously and in the mucosa groups, respectively, were positive; likewise, 50% of the animals of the challenged groups were presented as positive or suspect to the ELISA test at 189 dPI. Differences were found in the Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) of the CD8 lymphocytes between the control group (1027.4) and the group inoculated intravenously (499.6) at 120 dPI (p&lt;0.05) and in the MFI of the lymphocytes CD4 between groups at 189 dPI (p&lt;0.05). The T γδ lymphocyte populations (WC1) presented differences in MFI between the control group and the groups inoculated at 120 dPI (p&lt;0.05). The results indicated that B. ovis can modulate host immune response, that CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes are important for host defence against this infection, and that populations of CD4 and CD8 can fluctuate during the period of B. ovis infection. Besides, the participation of T γδ lymphocytes could be an important factor in the control of the infection caused by B. ovis

Effects of astaxanthin in mice acutely infected with Trypanosoma cruzi

During Trypanosoma cruzi infection, oxidative stress is considered a contributing factor for dilated cardiomyopathy development. In this study, the effects of astaxanthin (ASTX) were evaluated as an alternative drug treatment for Chagas disease in a mouse model during the acute infection phase, given its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, and anti-oxidative properties. ASTX was tested in vitro in parasites grown axenically and in co-culture with Vero cells. In vivo tests were performed in BALB/c mice (4–6 weeks old) infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and supplemented with ASTX (10 mg/kg/day) and/or nifurtimox (NFMX; 100 mg/kg/day). Results show that ASTX has some detrimental effects on axenically cultured parasites, but not when cultured with mammalian cell monolayers. In vivo, ASTX did not have any therapeutic value against acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection, used either alone or in combination with NFMX. Infected animals treated with NFMX or ASTX/NFMX survived the experimental period (60 days), while infected animals treated only with ASTX died before day 30 post-infection. ASTX did not show any effect on the control of parasitemia; however, it was associated with an increment in focal heart lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, a reduced number of amastigote nests in cardiac tissue, and less hyperplasic spleen follicles when compared to control groups. Unexpectedly, ASTX showed a negative effect in infected animals co-treated with NFMX. An increment in parasitemia duration was observed, possibly due to ASTX blocking of free radicals, an antiparasitic mechanism of NFMX. In conclusion, astaxanthin is not recommended during the acute phase of Chagas disease, either alone or in combination with nifurtimox.CONACYT PROY NO. 000000000156701. (REGISTRO INTERNO UAEM 3326

Microbial Contamination in Milk Quality and Health Risk of the Consumers of Raw Milk and Dairy Products

d market. Milk quality and food safety concern in the consumers’ health and nutrition in public health surveillance prevent food-borne diseases, food poisoning, and zoonosis risk by raw milk and fresh dairy products. The aim of this work is focused on milk microbial contamination and its impacts on milk production and dairy industry with their implications in milk product quality, food-borne diseases from raw milk, and unpasteurized milk by food-borne pathogen microbial contamination and milk and dairy product spoilage. The microbial milk contamination source comes from herd hygiene and health status, mastitis prevalence, production environment, and milking parlor and milk conserving practices in dairy farm. Moreover, these facts are implicated in milk quality and milk spoilage and unsafe dairy products. The milk production system and the dairy plant operations keep track in pasteurized milk and fresh dairy products reviewing the traceability in field situational diagnosis report