Trophic connectivity between the terrestrial and marine ecosystems of Malpelo Island, Colombia, evaluated through stable isotope analysis

Living beings inhabit heterogeneous environments, in which communities that are classified as discrete can be continuous and connected in innumerable ways. The components of food webs can cross borders between ecosystems, and as result, the structure and trophic dynamics of ecosystems can change. The goal of this study was to evaluate trophic connectivity between the terrestrial and marine ecosystems of Malpelo Island, Colombia (4º00’05.63” N; 81º36’36.41” W), based on the isotopic (δ13C and δ15N) assessment of 403 samples (107 terrestrial and 296 marine). Samples were collected in 2017–2021. δ13CTerrestrial values ranged from − 30.3‰ to − 15.0‰ and δ13CMarine ranged from − 24.0‰ to − 9.8‰; δ15NTerrestrial ranged from 3.7‰ to 21.3‰ and δ15NMarine ranged from 4.5 to 16.9‰. The mixing model (simmr package) indicated that detritusTerrestrial (δ13C = − 18.9 ± 0.30‰ SE) contributed more to the food web than C3 plants (–29.4 ± 0.22‰), and reflected high δ13CMarine content. There was high isotopic overlap (65–82%) and a high trophic connection between environments of Malpelo Island due to high similarity between isospaces. These results evidence the role of the donor habitat (marine) on the receptor habitat (terrestrial) and the role of the Nazca booby Sula granti regarding nutrient transfers between the two environments. The presence and preservation of this seabird is essential to maintain the balance of this insular ecosystem. The analysis of δ13C and δ15N tracers was useful to establish the trophic relationships between small oceanic island environments with presence of large seabird communities.Fundacion Alium PacificInstituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR) National Geographic Society CP-059ER-1

Estilos de Aprendizaje y Rendimiento Académico en los Estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa “Fernando Daquilema”. Riobamba. Chimborazo

This research addresses the study of learning styles and their relationship with the academic performance of students in the tenth year of basic general education parallel “a” at Fernando Daquilema high school. for many years, the conception of learning styles as a generalized ability to adapt to learning in the classroom predominated. however, generalizing learning is a mistake that is made very frequently, in which learners are harmed. to meet the objective of the study methodologically, a mixed approach was used, with a non-experimental design, descriptive and correlational type; for the basic objective, for the field location. transverse type. the techniques used were psychometric tests, the “Lynn O’Brien” preference learning channel test. the sample was made up of 35 students from the tenth year of basic general education parallel “a”.La presente investigación abordo el estudio de los Estilos de Aprendizaje y su relación con el Rendimiento Académico de los estudiantes del décimo año de Educación General Básica paralelo “A” de la Unidad Educativa Fernando Daquilema. Durante muchos años predomino la concepción de los estilos de aprendizaje como una habilidad generalizada de adaptarse al aprendizaje en el aula. Sin embargo, generalizar el aprendizaje es un error que se comete con mucha frecuencia, viéndose perjudicados los educandos. Para cumplir con el objetivo del estudio metodológicamente se trató de con un enfoque mixto, de diseño no experimental, de tipo descriptivo y correlacional; por el objetivo básica, por el lugar de campo. De tipo trasversal. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron Pruebas Psicométricas, el test del Canal de aprendizaje de preferencia de “Lynn O’Brien”. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 35 estudiantes del décimo año de Educación General Básica paralelo “A”

Estrategia etnopedagógica medioambiental para el manejo de los residuos sólidos en el área de ciencias naturales del grado 5° de primaria del Centro Educativo San Pedro Bolívar, El Charco (Nariño).

Entrevista, Matriz de análisis de la entrevista, Ficha de lectura, Diarios de campo, FotográficosEste proyecto surge debido a nuestra obstinación de no seguir un correcto proceso con los residuos sólidos porque irresponsablemente, estamos arrojando plásticos, desechos químicos, botellas entre otros residuos que tardan millones de años en desvanecerse a las quebradas, ríos y finalmente a los mares acabando con la especies marítimas. Este trabajo de investigación propone la implementación de una estrategia etnopedagógica medioambiental para el manejo de los residuos sólidos en el área de Ciencias Naturales en el grado 5° de primaria del Centro Educativo San Pedro Bolívar, El Charco Nariño; el objetivo es sensibilizar y formar a los estudiantes en darle un manejo adecuado a los residuos sólidos y crear hábitos para el cuidado del medio ambiente, para reducir la contaminación ocasionada en el rio Sequionda, quebradas y en los diferentes ecosistemas existente en la vereda san Pedro Bolívar. Por eso, desde una metodología de investigación acción cualitativa, con enfoque critico social se propuso, se diseñó y se implementó una estrategia etnoambiental que permitiera interactuar entre estudiantes, docente y comunidad para generar un cambio eco cultural y así poder lograr un aprendizaje significativo en la comunidad educativa hacia la transformación de la realidad sociocultural y ambiental de los estudiantes de quinto grado de primaria del centro focalizado.This project arises due to our obstinacy of not following a proper process with solid waste because plastic, chemical waste, bottles among other waste that take millions of years to vanish are thrown irresponsibly into streams, rivers and finally the seas, ending with sea creatures. This research paper proposes the implementation of an environmental ethno-pedagogical strategy for the management of solid waste in the Sciences class with students from the 5th grade of the San Pedro Bolívar Educational School, El Charco Nariño; the goal is to raise awareness and train students to give an adequate management to solid waste and create good habits to take care of the environment, to reduce the pollution caused in the Sequionda river, streams and in the different ecosystems in the village of San Pedro Bolívar. Therefore, from a qualitative action research methodology, with a critical social approach, an ethno-environmental strategy was proposed, designed and implemented to allow interaction between students, teachers and the community to generate an eco-cultural change and thus achieve meaningful learning in the school community towards the transformation of the sociocultural and environmental reality of the fifth-grade students from the primary school

First reports of smalltooth sand tiger sharks, Odontaspis ferox (Elasmobranchii:Â Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), off the continental Ecuador

The first report of two smalltooth sand tiger sharks, Odontaspis ferox (Risso, 1810), off the continental Ecuador is presented herewith. The specimens were captured by the Ecuadorian fishing fleet and landed in Manta and Puerto López Canton, Ecuador. The juvenile female specimen was registered in November 2008 and the adult male in July 2009.  Both of the specimens recorded extend the geographic range of distribution of O. ferox in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean

Prospección y caracterización de árboles promisorios de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en el rio Onzole

This research was conducted in eight communities in the Rio Onzole, located in Santo Domingo de Onzole Parishes and San Francisco Onzole, Eloy Alfaro Cantón, north of the Province of Esmeraldas. The overall objective of this study was to perform the exploration and characterization of promising cocoa trees (Theobroma cacao L.) selected above in order to identify élite trees that can be used by producers in the area for cultivation and cocoa production. Specific objectives were to identify varieties of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), select promising trees found, characterize morphologically elites trees. We conducted prospecting and characterization of 117 cocoa trees (Theobroma cacao L), 26 of which were selected Capulí community of Onzole, 22 in Arenales, Painter 7, 1 in Loma Linda, San Francisco of Onzole 21, 4 Iscuandé Mouth, 31 in La Loma and 5 in Las Delicias, of these selected trees were observed and recorded data of branches, pods, seeds, leaves, flowers, as well as production and health variables. The results were compared using Cluster Analysis and Canonical Discriminant Analysis. In the 26 morphological variables was evaluated and agronomic characterization in 8 using hierarchical clustering Ward (1963) primarily in degrees of similarity. According to the data obtained during the assessment year healthy pod production in each of the trees on the eight object of this study, indicated that community Onzole Capulí of 26 trees was achieved in a total of 2553 healthy ears, in Delicias in 2054 reached 28 trees healthy ears in San Francisco with 21 Onzole 1662 trees healthy ears were achieved in Arenales with 22 trees were obtained cobs 1654, in Loma Linda and Painter 8 trees got 633 ears in Las Delicias in 9 trees healthy ear number was 584 and finally in the community of Boca de Iscuandé in 4 cobs 380 trees were obtained. According to the data obtained in the study, it was determined that 35 of the 117 trees met the conditions to be considered élite or promising trees, ie 31% of the initial population.A pesquisa foi realizada em oito comunidades localizadas no Rio Onzole, localizadas nas paróquias de Santo Domingo de Onzole e San Francisco de Onzole, Cantão Eloy Alfaro, ao norte da Província de Esmeraldas. O objetivo geral era prospecção e caracterização de cacaueiros promissores (Theobroma cacao L.), a fim de identificar árvores de elite que podem ser utilizadas pelos produtores na área para cultivo e produção de cacau. Os objetivos específicos foram: Identificar variedades de cacau (Theobroma cacao L.); Escolha árvores promissoras; Caracterizar morfologicamente as árvores eliformes. Um total de 117 árvores de cacau (Theobroma cacao L.) foram prospectadas e caracterizadas, 26 das quais foram selecionadas na comunidade de Capulí de Onzole, 22 em Arenales, 7 em Pintor, 1 em Loma Linda, 21 em São Francisco de Onzole, 4 em Boca de Iscuandé, 31 em La Loma e 5 em Las Delicias. Os dados sobre ramos, orelhas, sementes, folhas, flores e variáveis produtivas e sanitárias foram observados e registrados. Os resultados foram comparados através da Análise de Cluster e da Análise Canônica Discriminadora. Na caracterização morfológica foram avaliadas 26 variáveis e no agronômico 8, utilizando o agrupamento hierárquico de Ward (1963) foram avaliados principalmente em graus de similaridade. De acordo com os dados obtidos durante o ano de avaliação da produção de orelhas saudáveis em cada uma das árvores das oito comunidades, o objeto deste estudo indica que na comunidade de Capulí de Onzole em 26 árvores foram obtidas 2553 espigas saudáveis Em Delicias em 28 árvores atingiram 2054 espigas saudáveis, em San Francisco de Onzole com 21 árvores foram obtidas 1662 espigas saudáveis, em Arenales com 22 árvores obtidas 1654 espigas, em Loma Linda e Painter em 8 árvores obtivemos 633 espigas, em As Delicias em 9 árvores o número de orelhas saudáveis foram 584 e, finalmente, na comunidade da Boca de Iscuandé em 4 árvores foram obtidas 380 espigas. De acordo com os dados obtidos no estudo, foi determinado que 35 das 117 árvores preencheram as condições para serem consideradas árvores elitistas ou promisórias, ou seja, 31% da população.La investigación se desarrolló en ocho comunidades ubicadas en el Río Onzole, situadas en las Parroquias Santo Domingo de Onzole y San Francisco de Onzole, Cantón Eloy Alfaro, al norte de la Provincia de Esmeraldas. El objetivo general fue realizar la prospección y caracterización de árboles promisorios de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), con la finalidad de identificar árboles élites que pueden ser utilizados por los productores de la zona para el cultivo y producción de cacao. Los objetivos específicos fueron: Identificar variedades de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.); seleccionar árboles promisorios; caracterizar morfológicamente árboles élites. Se realizó la prospección y caracterización de 117 árboles de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), 26 de los cuales fueron seleccionados en la comunidad de Capulí de Onzole, 22 en Arenales, 7 en Pintor, 1 en Loma Linda, 21 en San Francisco de Onzole, 4 en Boca de Iscuandé, 31 en La Loma y 5 en Las Delicias, de estos árboles se observaron y registraron datos de ramas, mazorcas, semillas, hojas, flores, además de variables productivas y sanitarias. Los resultados fueron comparados a través del Análisis de Cluster y el Análisis Canónico Discriminante. En la caracterización morfológica se evaluaron 26 variables y en la agronómica se evaluaron 8, utilizando el agrupamiento jerárquico de Ward (1963) principalmente en grados de similitud. Según los datos obtenidos durante el año de evaluación de la producción de mazorcas sanas en cada uno de los árboles de las ocho comunidades objeto de este estudio se indica que en la comunidad de Capulí de Onzole en 26 árboles se logró un total de 2553 mazorcas sanas, en las Delicias en 28 árboles se alcanzaron 2054 mazorcas sanas, en San Francisco de Onzole con 21 árboles se consiguieron 1662 mazorcas sanas, en Arenales con 22 árboles se obtuvieron 1654 mazorcas, en Loma Linda y Pintor en 8 árboles obtuvimos 633 mazorcas, en Las Delicias en 9 árboles el número de mazorcas sanas fue de 584 y finalmente en la comunidad de la Boca de Iscuandé en 4 árboles se obtuvieron 380 mazorcas. De acuerdo a los datos obtenidos en el estudio, se determinó que 35 de los 117 árboles cumplían las condiciones para ser considerados árboles élites o promisorios, es decir un 31% de la población

Prospección y caracterización de árboles promisorios de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en el rio Onzole

This research was conducted in eight communities in the Rio Onzole, located in Santo Domingo de Onzole Parishes and San Francisco Onzole, Eloy Alfaro Cantón, north of the Province of Esmeraldas. The overall objective of this study was to perform the exploration and characterization of promising cocoa trees (Theobroma cacao L.) selected above in order to identify élite trees that can be used by producers in the area for cultivation and cocoa production. Specific objectives were to identify varieties of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), select promising trees found, characterize morphologically elites trees. We conducted prospecting and characterization of 117 cocoa trees (Theobroma cacao L), 26 of which were selected Capulí community of Onzole, 22 in Arenales, Painter 7, 1 in Loma Linda, San Francisco of Onzole 21, 4 Iscuandé Mouth, 31 in La Loma and 5 in Las Delicias, of these selected trees were observed and recorded data of branches, pods, seeds, leaves, flowers, as well as production and health variables. The results were compared using Cluster Analysis and Canonical Discriminant Analysis. In the 26 morphological variables was evaluated and agronomic characterization in 8 using hierarchical clustering Ward (1963) primarily in degrees of similarity. According to the data obtained during the assessment year healthy pod production in each of the trees on the eight object of this study, indicated that community Onzole Capulí of 26 trees was achieved in a total of 2553 healthy ears, in Delicias in 2054 reached 28 trees healthy ears in San Francisco with 21 Onzole 1662 trees healthy ears were achieved in Arenales with 22 trees were obtained cobs 1654, in Loma Linda and Painter 8 trees got 633 ears in Las Delicias in 9 trees healthy ear number was 584 and finally in the community of Boca de Iscuandé in 4 cobs 380 trees were obtained. According to the data obtained in the study, it was determined that 35 of the 117 trees met the conditions to be considered élite or promising trees, ie 31% of the initial population.A pesquisa foi realizada em oito comunidades localizadas no Rio Onzole, localizadas nas paróquias de Santo Domingo de Onzole e San Francisco de Onzole, Cantão Eloy Alfaro, ao norte da Província de Esmeraldas. O objetivo geral era prospecção e caracterização de cacaueiros promissores (Theobroma cacao L.), a fim de identificar árvores de elite que podem ser utilizadas pelos produtores na área para cultivo e produção de cacau. Os objetivos específicos foram: Identificar variedades de cacau (Theobroma cacao L.); Escolha árvores promissoras; Caracterizar morfologicamente as árvores eliformes. Um total de 117 árvores de cacau (Theobroma cacao L.) foram prospectadas e caracterizadas, 26 das quais foram selecionadas na comunidade de Capulí de Onzole, 22 em Arenales, 7 em Pintor, 1 em Loma Linda, 21 em São Francisco de Onzole, 4 em Boca de Iscuandé, 31 em La Loma e 5 em Las Delicias. Os dados sobre ramos, orelhas, sementes, folhas, flores e variáveis produtivas e sanitárias foram observados e registrados. Os resultados foram comparados através da Análise de Cluster e da Análise Canônica Discriminadora. Na caracterização morfológica foram avaliadas 26 variáveis e no agronômico 8, utilizando o agrupamento hierárquico de Ward (1963) foram avaliados principalmente em graus de similaridade. De acordo com os dados obtidos durante o ano de avaliação da produção de orelhas saudáveis em cada uma das árvores das oito comunidades, o objeto deste estudo indica que na comunidade de Capulí de Onzole em 26 árvores foram obtidas 2553 espigas saudáveis Em Delicias em 28 árvores atingiram 2054 espigas saudáveis, em San Francisco de Onzole com 21 árvores foram obtidas 1662 espigas saudáveis, em Arenales com 22 árvores obtidas 1654 espigas, em Loma Linda e Painter em 8 árvores obtivemos 633 espigas, em As Delicias em 9 árvores o número de orelhas saudáveis foram 584 e, finalmente, na comunidade da Boca de Iscuandé em 4 árvores foram obtidas 380 espigas. De acordo com os dados obtidos no estudo, foi determinado que 35 das 117 árvores preencheram as condições para serem consideradas árvores elitistas ou promisórias, ou seja, 31% da população.La investigación se desarrolló en ocho comunidades ubicadas en el Río Onzole, situadas en las Parroquias Santo Domingo de Onzole y San Francisco de Onzole, Cantón Eloy Alfaro, al norte de la Provincia de Esmeraldas. El objetivo general fue realizar la prospección y caracterización de árboles promisorios de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), con la finalidad de identificar árboles élites que pueden ser utilizados por los productores de la zona para el cultivo y producción de cacao. Los objetivos específicos fueron: Identificar variedades de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.); seleccionar árboles promisorios; caracterizar morfológicamente árboles élites. Se realizó la prospección y caracterización de 117 árboles de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), 26 de los cuales fueron seleccionados en la comunidad de Capulí de Onzole, 22 en Arenales, 7 en Pintor, 1 en Loma Linda, 21 en San Francisco de Onzole, 4 en Boca de Iscuandé, 31 en La Loma y 5 en Las Delicias, de estos árboles se observaron y registraron datos de ramas, mazorcas, semillas, hojas, flores, además de variables productivas y sanitarias. Los resultados fueron comparados a través del Análisis de Cluster y el Análisis Canónico Discriminante. En la caracterización morfológica se evaluaron 26 variables y en la agronómica se evaluaron 8, utilizando el agrupamiento jerárquico de Ward (1963) principalmente en grados de similitud. Según los datos obtenidos durante el año de evaluación de la producción de mazorcas sanas en cada uno de los árboles de las ocho comunidades objeto de este estudio se indica que en la comunidad de Capulí de Onzole en 26 árboles se logró un total de 2553 mazorcas sanas, en las Delicias en 28 árboles se alcanzaron 2054 mazorcas sanas, en San Francisco de Onzole con 21 árboles se consiguieron 1662 mazorcas sanas, en Arenales con 22 árboles se obtuvieron 1654 mazorcas, en Loma Linda y Pintor en 8 árboles obtuvimos 633 mazorcas, en Las Delicias en 9 árboles el número de mazorcas sanas fue de 584 y finalmente en la comunidad de la Boca de Iscuandé en 4 árboles se obtuvieron 380 mazorcas. De acuerdo a los datos obtenidos en el estudio, se determinó que 35 de los 117 árboles cumplían las condiciones para ser considerados árboles élites o promisorios, es decir un 31% de la población

New insights into the trophic ecology of the scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini, in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean

Scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini, is considered a generalist predator, showing individual specializations and different trophic levels. This species inhabits both oceanic islands and coastal nursery areas in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) Ocean. Existing trophic ecology studies on S. lewini have been focused on stomach contents. This study provides new insights into its foraging preferences, habitat use, and trophic position, using stable isotope analysis (SIA) of muscle tissue. Stable isotope signatures of δC and δN were determined in S. lewini muscles (n = 29) from the Ecuadorian Pacific in 2013. Trophic position (TP), isotopic niches, and overlap of S. lewini were estimated by sex, age, and maturity stages to infer their dietary habits throughout life stages. SIA revealed complex movement patterns related to sex and age classes of S. lewini, highlighting high degrees of dietary plasticity and habitat use, with a stronger relation to coastal regions than previously reported. This study provides crucial information regarding essential areas and the related migration behavior of S. lewini, with important implications for their conservation and management in the ETP.Special thanks to the artisanal fishermen communities who supported the sampling for this project and a great acknowledgement to the Fundación Alium Pacific for logistical support and the Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra in Granada (CSIC-UGR), Spain, for the technical assistance in the analysis. Thanks to D. Edgar for editing our text for English. We thank the anonymous reviewers for improving the manuscript

Stable isotope evidence for movements of hammerhead sharks Sphyrna lewini, connecting two natural protected areas in the Colombian Pacific

Coastal areas are particularly important, as their shallow waters commonly correspond to nursery areas for many species. Unfortunately, these habitats also support many commercial fisheries which overlap with nursery areas and can represent a risk to numerous shark species, including Sphyrna lewini which frequent both coastal waters and offshore islands throughout their lifecycle and are affected by the high fishing activity in coastal areas, particularly during their early life stages. For this reason, it is imperative to identify and establish connectivity between key habitats during their lifecycle to improve conservation strategies. This study provides the first evidence about habitat use and migration corridors between oceanic aggregation zones and coastal areas of the Colombian Pacific, which constitute important habitats for S. lewini. A total of five S. lewini neonates were sampled in the Sanquianga National Natural Park coastal area: the individuals ranged from 48.2 to 52.8 cm in total length and were obtained by artisanal fishermen. Our δC (− 16.3 ± 0.16‰) and δN (15.9 ± 0.11‰) values were similar to those obtained from specimens from the Malpelo isospace (δC: − 16.3 ± 0.1‰ and δN: 15.9 ± 0.11‰). Our isotopic results showed significant use and connectivity between both marine environments (oceanic and coastal areas), the extent of which depended on shark maturity stages, providing evidences of the trophic links of S. lewini between Malpelo waters and the Sanquianga National Natural Park coastal area. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of both habitats in the lifecycle of S. lewini and provides preliminary inferences about S. lewini ecology and habitat preference representing a baseline for further research.We thank the Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia, to all teams of the Malpelo FFS, Sanquianga NNP, and Fundación Malpelo y Otros Ecosistemas Marinos for their support in collecting the samples and to the Fundación Alium Pacific for logistical support and the Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra in Granada (CSIC-UGR), Spain, for technical assistance in the analysis. We are especially thankful to the fishing communities who supported the sampling for this project. We would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments, which improved the manuscript. Thanks go to Daniel Edgar for editing the text for English

Hábitos alimentarios del tiburón martillo Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834) (Chondrichthyes) en el Pacífico ecuatoriano

Este estudio analizó la dieta de 116 ejemplares del tiburón martillo Sphyrna lewini capturados por la flota tiburonera que pesca en el Pacífico ecuatoriano. Las muestras se recolectaron de enero a diciembre de 2004. De acuerdo al índice de importancia relativa, los cefalópodos Histioteuthis spp. (22,7%) y Dosidicus gigas (21,9%) fueron las presas principales. Con respecto al sexo y estado de madurez, las hembras juveniles consumieron principalmente D. gigas (58,5%); mientras que las adultas consumieron principalmente Octopus spp. (47,6%), Histioteuthis spp. (18,7%) y Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (16,3%). Los machos juveniles se alimentaron de los cefalópodos Mastigoteuthis spp. (12,1), Histioteuthis spp. (10,2) y A. lesueuri (7,9), mientras que los adultos depredaron sobre D. gigas (53,7%) e Histioteuthis spp. (14,9%). Con base en la información de los hábitats de las presas, se considera que S. lewini es una especie que consume principalmente presas de hábitat oceánico (e.g. cefalópodos); sin embargo los juveniles de este tiburón además de consumir cefalópodos de zonas oceánicas, se alimentan en menor proporción de presas de hábitats costeros y bentónicos como peces y crustáceos

Hábitos alimentarios del tiburón martillo Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834) (Chondrichthyes) en el Pacífico ecuatoriano

Este estudio analizó la dieta de 116 ejemplares del tiburón martillo Sphyrna lewini capturados por la flota tiburonera que pesca en el Pacífico ecuatoriano. Las muestras se recolectaron de enero a diciembre de 2004. De acuerdo al índice de importancia relativa, los cefalópodos Histioteuthis spp. (22,7%) y Dosidicus gigas (21,9%) fueron las presas principales. Con respecto al sexo y estado de madurez, las hembras juveniles consumieron principalmente D. gigas (58,5%); mientras que las adultas consumieron principalmente Octopus spp. (47,6%), Histioteuthis spp. (18,7%) y Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (16,3%). Los machos juveniles se alimentaron de los cefalópodos Mastigoteuthis spp. (12,1), Histioteuthis spp. (10,2) y Ancistrocheirus lesueuri (7,9), mientras que los adultos depredaron sobre D. gigas (53,7%) e Histioteuthis spp. (14,9%). Con base en la información de los hábitats de las presas, se considera que S. lewini es un depredador que consume principalmente presas de hábitat oceánico principalmente cefalópodos; mientras que los tiburones juveniles junto con consumir cefalópodos de zonas oceánicas, se alimentan de presas de hábitats costeros y bentónicos como peces y crustáceo